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<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.434 2006/09/16 00:30:15 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.435 2006/09/18 21:45:10 momjian Exp $ -->
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[A-Za-z_]/[A-Za-z_]+ <filename> [A-Za-z_]/[A-Za-z_]+ <filename>
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pg_[A-Za-z0-9_] <application> pg_[A-Za-z0-9_] <application>
[A-Z][A-Z] <type>, <envar>, <literal> [A-Z][A-Z] <type>, <envar>, <literal>
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...@@ -22,6 +22,1898 @@ For new features, add links to the documentation sections. ...@@ -22,6 +22,1898 @@ For new features, add links to the documentation sections.
<appendix id="release"> <appendix id="release">
<title>Release Notes</title> <title>Release Notes</title>
<sect1 id="release-8-2">
<title>Release 8.2</title>
<note>
<title>Release date</title>
<simpara>2005-1?-??</simpara>
<para>CURRENT AS OF 2006-09-18</>
</note>
<sect2>
<title>Overview</title>
<para>
Major changes in this release:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
XX
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
XX
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Migration to version 8.2</title>
<para>
A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is required
for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
</para>
<para>
Observe the following incompatibilities:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
XX
</para>
<para>
YYY
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Additional Changes</title>
<para>
Below you will find a detailed account of the additional changes
between <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.2 and the
previous major release.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Performance Improvements</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve efficiency of <literal>IN</> (list-of-expressions) clauses (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Reduce locking requirements of sequential scans (Qingqing Zhou)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve subtransaction performance (Alvaro, Itagaki Takahiro, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve locking performance by breaking locks into sections (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This allows locking to be more fine-grained, reducing contention.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow the planner to re-order <literal>OUTER JOIN</>s when possible (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This makes a considerable difference for queries involving multiple outer
joins.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve planning of joins to inherited tables and <literal>UNION ALL</> views (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve cost estimation for nestloop index scans (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This may eliminate the need to set unrealistically small values of
<envar>random_page_cost</>. If you have been using a very small
<envar>random_page_cost</>, please recheck your test cases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Increase default values for <envar>shared_buffers</> and <envar>max_fsm_pages</>(Andrew)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve the optimizer statistics used by <literal>LIKE</>, <literal>ILIKE</>, and regular expression
operations (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow constraint exclusion to be applied to inherited <command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE</>
queries (Tom)
</para>
<para>
<command>SELECT</> already honored constraint exclusion.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve sorting speed and reduce memory usage (Simon, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<function>MIN()</>/<function>MAX()</> can now use indexes in more cases (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve concurrency for database creation and destruction (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Speed up vacuuming of btree indexes (Heikki Linnakangas, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve <command>COPY</> performance (Alon Goldshuv, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>FILLFACTOR</> to <command>CREATE INDEX</> (ITAGAKI Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
This provides infrastructure to allow index access methods to
accept special parameters of all kinds, but <literal>FILLFACTOR</> is
implemented first.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove dead index entries before btree page split (Junji Teramoto)
</para>
</listitem>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Server Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve performance of statistics monitoring, especially <literal>pg_stat_activity</> (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for include directives in <filename>postgresql.conf</> (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add native <acronym>LDAP</> authentication (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
<para>
This is particularly useful for platforms that do not support <acronym>PAM</>,
such as Win32.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Re-enable <envar>full_page_writes</> (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This flag can now be used even with <acronym>PITR</>. It is turned on
automatically between <function>pg_start_backup()</> and <function>pg_stop_backup()</> calls.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for <acronym>SSL</> Certificate Revocation List (<acronym>CRL</>) files, <filename>root.crl</>
(Libor Hoho&#353;)
</para>
<para>
This was added to <application>libpq</> as well.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove routine autovacuum server log entries (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
<literal>pg_stat_activity</> now shows autovacuum activity.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE</>, to be used in addition to <filename>pg_hba.conf</>
(Gevik Babakhani)
</para>
<para>
This gives SQL-control over database access, and works in combination
with the existing <filename>pg_hba.conf</> controls.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add last vacuum and analyze timestamp columns to the stats collector (Larry
Rosenman)
</para>
<para>
These values now appear in the <literal>pg_stat_*_tables</> system views, and are used
by autovacuum. ?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Deprecate use of <application>postmaster</> symlink (Peter)
</para>
<para>
<application>postmaster</> and <application>postgres</> commands now act identically, with the behavior
determined by switches. The <application>postmaster</> symlink is kept for
compatibility, but is not really needed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Default <envar>stats_command_string</> to <literal>on</>, now that its overhead is minimal
(Bruce)
</para>
<para>
This means <literal>pg_stat_activity</> now will show all active queries by default.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <acronym>GUC</> <envar>update_process_title</> to control whether the <application>ps</> display is
updated for every command, default to <literal>on</> (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Track tables needing vacuum with more accuracy (Alvaro)
</para>
<para>
This reduces the overhead involved in preventing transaction ID
wraparound.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow units to be specified in configuration settings (Peter)
</para>
<para>
You can now set <envar>shared_buffer</> to <literal>32000kB</>, for example.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve logging of protocol-level prepare/bind/execute messages (Bruce, Tom)
</para>
<para>
Such logging now shows statement names, bind parameter values, and the
text of the query being executed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change <envar>log_duration</> to output even if the query is not output (Tom)
</para>
<para>
In prior releases, <envar>log_duration</> only printed if the query appeared
earlier in the logs.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow a forced switch to a new xlog file (Simon Riggs, Tom)
</para>
<para>
This is valuable for keeping <acronym>PITR</> standby servers in sync with the master.
xlog file switching also happens automatically during <function>pg_stop_backup()</>.
This ensures that <acronym>PITR</> servers have all xlog files needed
for recovery.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <acronym>WAL</> informational functions (Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
Add functions for interrogating the current xlog insertion point and
determining <acronym>WAL</> filenames from the hex <acronym>WAL</> locations displayed by
<function>pg_stop_backup()</> and friends.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <acronym>WAL</> replay to be restored quicker in case of a crash (Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
The server now does periodic checkpoints during <acronym>WAL</> recovery, so
if there is a crash, future <acronym>WAL</> recovery is shortened. This also eliminates
the need for <acronym>PITR</> standby servers to replay the entire log since the base
backup if they crash.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <envar>archive_timeout</> to force xlog file switches at a given interval (Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
This enforces a maximum delay for <acronym>PITR</> standby servers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a <literal>waiting</> column to <literal>pg_stat_activity</> (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This allows <literal>pg_stat_activity</> to show the same information as the <literal>ps</>
display.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Query Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Support portal parameters in <command>EXPLAIN</> and <command>EXECUTE</> (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This allows, for example, <literal>?</> parameters to work in these commands in
<acronym>JDBC</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</> (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
It is similar to equals (<literal>=</>), but is true when both left and right arguments
are <literal>NULL</>, and false when just one is, rather than yielding <literal>NULL</> in these cases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make row comparisons follow <acronym>SQL</> standard semantics and allow them to be
used in index scans (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Previously, row = and &lt;&gt; comparisons followed the standard but &lt;
&lt;= &gt; &gt;= did not. A row comparison can now be used as an index
constraint for a multicolumn index matching the row value.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow additional row values comparison (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Add &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add system view <literal>pg_prepared_statements</> to show prepared statements (Joachim
Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add system view <literal>pg_cursors</> to show open cursors (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
<para>
Both this and <literal>pg_prepared_statements</> are very useful for pooled
connection setups.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If <acronym>SQL</>-level <command>PREPARE</> parameters are unknown, infer their types from the
context of the query (Neil)
</para>
<para>
Protocol-level <command>PREPARE</> already did this.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>UPDATE</> and <command>DELETE</> to use an alias for the target table (Atsushi Ogawa)
</para>
<para>
This allows these statements to support self-joins more conveniently.
<command>UPDATE</> already supported as <literal>FROM</> clause, but <command>DELETE</> did not.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>CASCADE</> option to <command>TRUNCATE</> (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
<para>
This allows <command>TRUNCATE</> also to automatically truncate all foreign-key
referencing tables.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable <envar>standard_conforming_strings</> to be turned on (Kevin Grittner)
</para>
<para>
This allow special backslash escaping in strings to be turned off
so <productname>PostgreSQL</> is more standards-compliant. The default is <literal>off</>,
but future releases will default this to <literal>on</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Set <envar>escape_string_warning</> to <literal>on</> by default (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
This issues a warning if backslash escapes are used in non-escape
(non-<literal>E''</>) strings.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support <literal>FOR UPDATE</> and <literal>FOR SHARE</> in the same command (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Disallow aggregate functions in <command>UPDATE</> commands (unless within a
subquery) (Tom)
</para>
<para>
The standard disallows this, and it leads to unpredictable results.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change the row constructor syntax (<literal>ROW(...)</>) so that list elements <literal>foo.*</>
will be expanded to a list of their member fields, rather than creating
a nested rowtype field as formerly (Tom)
</para>
<para>
The old behavior is still available by omitting <literal>.*</>. The new behavior is
substantially more useful since it allows, for example, triggers to check
for data changes with <literal>if row(new.*) IS DISTINCT FROM row(old.*)</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> to use <type>int8</> (Dhanaraj M)
</para>
<para>
This allows <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> over two-billion.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for multi-row <literal>VALUES</> clauses as part of <command>INSERT</> and <command>SELECT</> statements
(Joe, Tom)
</para>
<para>
This allows <command>INSERT</> to insert multiple rows of constants, or queries
to generate result sets using constants. For example, <literal>INSERT ...
VALUES (...), (...), ....</>, and <literal>SELECT * FROM (VALUES (...),
(...), ....) AS alias(f1, ...)</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve the length output used by <literal>UNION</>/<literal>INTERSECT</>/<literal>EXCEPT</> (Tom)
</para>
<para>
When all columns are of the same defined length, that length is used
for output, rather than a generic length.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>INSERT</>/<command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE</> <literal>RETURNING</> (Jonah Harris, Tom)
</para>
<para>
This allows these commands to return values, such as the computed serial
key for a new row. In the <command>UPDATE</> case, values from the new state of the
row are returned.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>UPDATE</> to set multiple columns with a list of values (Susanne
Ebrecht)
</para>
<para>
This is basically as short-hand for assigning the columns and values
in pairs. The syntax is <literal>UPDATE tab SET (col, ...) = (val, ...)</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <literal>ILIKE</> to work for multi-byte encodings (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Internally, <literal>ILIKE</> now calls <function>lower()</> and then uses <literal>LIKE</>. Locale-specific
regular expression operations still do not work in these encodings.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Protocol-level unnamed prepared statements are re-planned for each
set of <literal>BIND</> values (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This improves performance because the exact parameter values can be used
in the plan.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Do not flatten subqueries that contain <literal>VOLATILE</> functions in their
target lists (Jaime Casanova)
</para>
<para>
This prevents surprising behavior due to multiple evaluation of a <literal>volatile</>
function (such as <function>random()</> or <function>nextval()</>). It may cause performance
degradation in the presence of functions that are unnecessarily marked as
<literal>volatile</>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>DROP</> object <literal>IF EXISTS</> for many object types (Andrew)
</para>
<para>
This allows <command>DROP</> operations on non-existent objects without generating
an error.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>DROP OWNED</> to drop all objects owned by a role (Alvaro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>REASSIGN OWNED</> to reassign ownership of all objects owned by a role
(Alvaro)
</para>
<para>
This, and <literal>DROP OWNED</> above, facilitate dropping roles.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>CREATE</>/<command>ALTER ROLE PASSWORD NULL</>, which removes the role's password
(Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Properly enforce <literal>DOMAIN</> check constraints everywhere (Neil, Tom)
</para>
<para>
For example, the result of a user-defined function that is declared
to return a domain type is now checked against the constraints.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>GRANT ON SEQUENCE</> syntax (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
This was added for setting sequence-specific permissions. <literal>GRANT ON [TABLE]</>
for sequences is still supported for backward compatibility.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>USAGE</> permission for sequences that allows only <function>currval()</> and
<function>nextval()</>, not <function>setval()</> (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
<literal>USAGE</> permission allows more find-grained control over sequence access.
It allows users to increment a sequence, but prevents them from
setting the sequence to an arbitrary value using <function>setval()</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow comments on global objects to be stored globally (Kris Jurka)
</para>
<para>
Previously, global object comments were stored in individual
databases, making them ineffective. This adds a new <literal>pg_shdescription</>
table.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>ON COMMIT</> clauses to <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> (Neil)
</para>
<para>
This allows temporary tables to be truncated or dropped on transaction
commit. The default behavior is for the table to remain until the
session ends.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>TABLESPACE</> and <literal>ON COMMIT</> clauses to <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> (Neil)
</para>
<para>
This allows the tablespace to be specified for the new table.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow placeholder (shell) types to be create (Martijn van Oosterhout)
</para>
<para>
Shell types create a type reference, without specifying any of the
aspects of the type. It is useful for creating types with input/output
functions that reference the data type. The syntax is <command>CREATE TYPE typname</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new aggregate creation syntax (Tom)
</para>
<para>
The new syntax is <command>CREATE AGGREGATE</> aggname (input_type) (parameter_list).
This more naturally supports the new multi-parameter aggregate
functionality. The previous syntax is still supported.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Aggregate functions now support multiple input parameters (Sergey
Koposov, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <command>SET CONSTRAINT</> affect only one constraint (Kris Jurka)
</para>
<para>
In previous releases, <command>SET CONSTRAINT</> modified all constraints with
a matching name. In this release, the schema search path is used to
modify only the first matching constraint. A schema specification is
also supported.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS</> to <command>CREATE TABLE LIKE</> (Greg Stark)
</para>
<para>
This allows the new table to receive matching constraints.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... [NO] INHERIT</> (Greg Stark)
</para>
<para>
This allow inheritance to be added and removed dynamically, rather
than just at table creation and destruction. This is very valuable
for table partitioning using constraint exclusion.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove rule permission for tables, for security reasons (Tom)
</para>
<para>
In this release, only a table's owner can create or modify rules
for the table. For backwards compatibility, <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE RULE</> is still
accepted, but it does nothing.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Utility Command Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Reduce progress messages displayed by initdb (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have initdb detect the operating system locale and set the default
<envar>DateStyle</> accordingly (Peter)
</para>
<para>
This make it more likely that the installed <filename>postgresql.conf</> <envar>DateStyle</>
value will be correct.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have the <command>COPY</> command return a command tag that includes the number of
rows copied (Volkan Yaz&#305;c&#305;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove dead index entries during btree page split (Junji Teramoto)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>VACUUM</> to expire rows without being affected by other concurrent
<command>VACUUM</>s (Hannu Krossing, Alvaro, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Avoid extra scan of table during <command>VACUUM</> of index-less table (Greg Stark)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add option to allow indexes to be created indexes without blocking
concurrent writes to the table (Greg Stark)
</para>
<para>
The new syntax is <command>CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY</>. The default behavior is
still to block table modification while a index is being created.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>COPY</> to dump a <command>SELECT</> query (Zoltan Boszormenyi, Karel Zak)
</para>
<para>
This allows <command>COPY</> to dump arbitrary <acronym>SQL</> queries. The syntax is
<literal>COPY (SELECT ...) TO</>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow arrays to contain <literal>NULL</> elements (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change array concatenation to match documented behavior (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This changes the previous behavior where concatenation would
adjust the lower array dimensions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Array comparison improvements (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Now array dimensions are also compared.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <function>to_char(time)</> and <function>to_char(interval)</> to output <acronym>AM</>/<acronym>PM</> specifications
(Bruce)
</para>
<para>
Intervals and times are treated as 24-hour periods, e.g. <literal>25 hours</> is
<acronym>AM</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <function>to_char(time)</> and <function>to_char(interval)</> treat <literal>'HH'</> and <literal>'HH12'</> as 12-hour
intervals.
<para>
Most applications should use <literal>'HH24'</> unless they want a 12-hour display.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a server-side sleep function <function>pg_sleep()</> (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Zero unmasked bits in conversion from <type>INET</> to <type>CIDR</> (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add convenient arithmetic operations on <type>INET</>/<type>CIDR</> values (Stephen R. van
den Berg)
</para>
<para>
The new operators are <literal>&</> (and), <literal>|</> (or), <literal>~</> (not), <literal>+</> <type>int8</>,
<literal>-</> <type>int8</>, and <type>inet</> <literal>-</> <type>inet</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <function>to_char()</> to print localized month and day names (Euler Taveira de
Oliveira)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add all comparison operators for the <type>tid</> data type (Mark Kirkwood, Greg Stark,
Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new function <function>justify_interval()</> to adjust interval units (Mark Dilger)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new aggregate functions from SQL2003 (Neil)
</para>
<para>
The new functions are <function>var_pop()</>, <function>var_samp()</>, <function>stddev_pop()</>, and <function>stddev_samp()</>.
<function>var_samp()</> and <function>stddev_samp()</> are merely renamings of the existing
aggregates <function>variance()</> and <function>stddev()</>. The latter names have been
kept for backward compatibility.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New operators for array-subset comparisons (<literal>@&gt;</>, <literal>&lt;@</>, <literal>&amp;&amp;</>) (Teodor,
Tom)
</para>
<para>
The old operators were kept for backward compatibility.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow domains to be created using other domains (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>clock_timestamp()</>, <function>statement_timestamp()</>, and <function>transaction_timestamp()</>
(Bruce)
</para>
<para>
<function>clock_timestamp()</> is the true current time, and <function>statement_timestamp()</> is the
time the current command arrived at the server. <function>transaction_timestamp()</> is
the same as <function>now()</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow full timezone names in <type>timestamp</> values (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
<para>
For example, <literal>'2006-05-24 21:11 America/New_York'::timestamptz</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Create a configuration file of timezone abbreviations (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
<para>
The file name is controlled by GUC variable <envar>timezone_abbreviations</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove <envar>australian_timezones</> configuration variable (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
<para>
No longer needed now that timezone abbreviations are configurable.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <envar>pg_timezone_abbrevs</> and <envar>pg_timezone_names</> views to show
supported timezones (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add SQL2003-standard statistical aggregates (Sergey Koposov)
</para>
<para>
New functions: <function>regr_intercept()</>, <function>regr_slope()</>, <function>regr_r2()</>, <function>corr()</>,
<function>covar_samp()</>, <function>covar_pop()</>, <function>regr_avgx()</>, <function>regr_avgy()</>, <function>regr_sxy()</>,
<function>regr_sxx()</>, <function>regr_syy()</>, <function>regr_count()</>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix problems with dumping renamed <type>SERIAL</> columns (Tom)
</para>
<para>
The fix is to dump a <type>SERIAL</> column by explicitly specifying its <literal>DEFAULT</> and
sequence elements, and reconstructing the <type>SERIAL</> column on reload using a new
<command>ALTER SEQUENCE OWNED BY</> command. This also allows dropping a <type>SERIAL</> column
specification.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Interval computation improvements (Michael Glaesemann, Bruce)
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <literal>FOR</> statements to return values to scalars as well as
records and row types (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a <literal>BY</> clause to the <literal>FOR</> loop, to control the iteration increment
(Jaime Casanova)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>table_name</> and <literal>table_schema</> as trigger data (Andrew)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>STRICT</> to <command>SELECT INTO</> (Matt Miller)
</para>
<para>
<literal>STRICT</> mode throws an exception if more or less than
one row is returned by the <command>SELECT</>, for <productname>Oracle PL/SQL</>
compatibility.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Honor <envar>check_function_bodies</> (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add prepared queries (Dmitry Karasik)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>table_name</> and <literal>table_schema</> as trigger data (Adam Sj&oslash;gren)
</para>
<para>
<literal>relname</> is kept but now deprecated
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make <literal>$_TD</> trigger data a global variable (Andrew)
</para>
<para>
Previously, it was lexical, which caused unexpected sharing
violations.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PL/Python Server-Side Language Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow functions to return <literal>void</> (Neil)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add named parameters to the <literal>args[]</> array (Sven Suursoho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Return composite-types as dictionary (Sven Suursoho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Return result-set as <literal>list</>, <literal>iterator</>, or <literal>generator </>(Sven Suursoho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow returning of <literal>composite types</> and <literal>result sets</> (Sven Suursoho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>table_name</> and <literal>table_schema</> as trigger data (Andrew)
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new command <literal>\password</> for changing role password with client-side
password encryption (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow multi-line values to align in the proper column (Martijn van
Oosterhout)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Save multi-line statements as a single entry, rather than one
line at a time (Sergey E. Koposov)
</para>
<para>
This makes up-arrow recall of queries easier.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <literal>\c</> to connect to a new host and port number (David, Volkan Yaz&#305;c&#305;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add option to run the entire session in a single transaction (Simon)
</para>
<para>
Use options <literal>-1</> or <literal>--single-transaction</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve highlighting of error location in query in more cases (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add tablespace display to <literal>\l+</> (Philip Yarra)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support binary <command>COPY</> (Andreas Pflug)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve <literal>\df</> slash command to include the argument names and modes
(<literal>OUT</> or <literal>INOUT</>) of the function (David Fetter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make the line counter 64-bit so it can handle files over two billion lines
(David Fetter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Report both the returned data and the command status tag
for <command>INSERT</>/<command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE RETURNING</> (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support retrieving <command>SELECT</> results in batches using a cursor (Chris
Mair)
</para>
<para>
This is accomplished using <command>\set FETCH_COUNT</>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow complex selection of objects to be included or excluded by <application>pg_dump</>
(Greg Sabino Mullane)
</para>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</> now supports multiple <literal>-n</> (schema) and <literal>-t</> (table) options, and
adds <literal>-T</> and <literal>-N</> options to exclude objects. Also adds support for regular
expressions for object names in these switches.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <application>pg_dump</> <literal>-X no-data-for-failed-tables</> option to suppress loading data
if table creation failed (the table already exists) (Martin Pitt)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <application>pg_restore</> option to run the entire session in a single transaction (Simon)
</para>
<para>
Use options <literal>-1</> or <literal>--single-transaction</>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title><application>libpq</> Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>PQencryptPassword()</> to encrypt passwords (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This allows passwords to be sent encrypted for commands like <command>ALTER
USER ... PASSWORD</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change <function>PQdsplen()</> to return a useful value (Martijn van
Oosterhout)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change <function>PQgetssl()</> to return a <literal>void*</>, rather than <literal>SSL*</> (Martijn van Oosterhout)
</para>
<para>
This allows applications to use the function without <acronym>SSL</> headers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow the <filename>.pgpass</> hostname to match the default socket directory, as
well as a blank <literal>pghost</> (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add function <function>PQisthreadsafe()</> (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
This allows applications to query the thread-safety status
of the library.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <acronym>LDAP</> lookups from <filename>pg_service.conf</> (Albe Laurenz)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>PQdescribePrepared()</>, <function>PQdescribePortal()</>, and related functions
return information about previously prepared statements and
open cursors (Volkan Yaz&#305;c&#305;)
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title><application>ecpg</> Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>SHOW</> to put its result into a variable (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>COPY TO STDOUT</> (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add regression tests (Joachim Wieland, Michael)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Major source code cleanups (Joachim Wieland, Michael)
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title><application>Win32</> Port</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve handling of intermittent file system and resource failures (Qingqing Zhou)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Stability fixes (Magnus)
</para>
<para>
Particularly, prevent the postmaster from stopping if too many
connection requests arrive too rapidly.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for Windows code pages <literal>1253</>, <literal>1254</>, <literal>1255</>,
and <literal>1257</> (Kris Jurka)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <acronym>MSVC</> to compile the <productname>PostgreSQL</> server (Magnus, Hiroshi
Saito)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <acronym>MSVC</> support for utility commands and <application>pg_dump </>(Hiroshi Saito)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add native semaphore implementation (Qingqing Zhou)
</para>
<para>
Previous implementations mimicked SysV semaphores.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Source Code Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove R-tree indexing (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Rtree has been re implemented using <acronym>GIST</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Reduce libraries linked into the backend needlessly (Martijn van
Oosterhout, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New macro <literal>PG_VERSION_NUM</> for use by third-party applications wanting to
test the backend version in C using &gt; and &lt; comparisons (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve multicolumn <acronym>GIST</> indexing (Oleg, Teodor)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<acronym>GIST</> indexes now are clusterable (Teodor)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a configure flag to allow libedit to be preferred over <acronym>GNU</> readline
(Bruce)
</para>
<para>
Use configure <literal>--with-libedit-preferred</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow installation into directories containing spaces (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve ability to relocate installs in more complex configurations (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for <productname>Solaris x86_64</> using the <productname>Solaris</> compiler (Pierre Girard,
Theo Schlossnagle, Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove <acronym>QNX</> and <acronym>BEOS</> ports (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
These ports no longer had active maintainers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make command-line options of postmaster and postgres identical (Peter)
</para>
<para>
This allows the postmaster to pass arguments to each backend without
using <literal>-o</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>XLOG_BLCKSZ</> as independent from <literal>BLCKSZ</> (Mark Wong)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>LWLOCK_STATS</> define to report locking activity (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <acronym>GIN</> (Generalized Inverted iNdex) index access method (Teodor)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Emit warnings for unknown <application>configure</> options (Martijn van Oosterhout)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>PG_MODULE_MAGIC</> header block to all shared object files (Martijn van Oosterhout)
</para>
<para>
The magic blocks prevent version mismatches between object files and
servers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a <acronym>GUC</> parameter <envar>seq_page_cost</> (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Re-implement the regression test script as a C program (Magnus, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <application>DTrace</> support (Robert Lor)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow loadable modules to allocate shared memory and lightweight locks (Marc Munro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add automatic initialization and finalization of dynamically
loaded libraries (Ralf Engelschall, Tom)
</para>
<para>
New functions <function>_PG_init()</> and <function>_PG_fini()</> are called if the library
defines such symbols. Hence we no longer need to specify an initialization
function in <envar>shared_preload_libraries</>; we can assume that the library used the
<function>_PG_init()</> convention instead.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for libraries that enhance server-side languages (Korry Douglas)
</para>
<para>
Such libraries can be used for debugging or performance measurement.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Rename existing <acronym>GUC</> variable <envar>preload_libraries</> to <envar>shared_preload_libraries</> (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new variable <envar>server_version_num</> (Greg Sabino Mullane)
</para>
<para>
This is like server_version, but is an integer, e.g. <literal>80200</>. It allows
easy applications version checks.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New <acronym>XML</> documentation section (Bruce)
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Contrib Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Major tsearch2 improvements (Oleg, Teodor)
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
multibyte encoding support, including <acronym>UTF8</>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
query rewriting support
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
improved ranking functions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
thesaurus dictionary support
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ispell dictionaries now recognize <application>MySpell</> format, used by <application>OpenOffice</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<acronym>GIN</> support
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add pg_freespacemap to display free space map information (Mark
Kirkwood)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New uninstall scripts (David)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add pgrowlocks (Tatsuo)
</para>
<para>
This shows row locking information for a specified table.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <application>Pgadmin</> administration functions to adminpack (Dave)
</para>
<para>
These functions provide additional file system access routines not present
in the default <productname>PostgreSQL</> server.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add index information to pgstattuple (ITAGAKI Takahiro, Satoshi Nagayasu)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
pgcrypto now has all planned functionality (Marko Kreen)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Update cube (Joshua Reich)
</para>
<para>
New functions are <function>cube(float[])</>, <function>cube(float[], float[])</>, and
<function>cube_subset(cube, int4[])</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Added async query capability to dblink (Kai Londenberg, Joe Conway)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add sslinfo (Victor Wagner)
</para>
<para>
Reports information about the current <acronym>SSL</> certificate.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove ora2pg, now at <ulink url="http://www.samse.fr/GPL/ora2pg"></ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove contrib modules that have been migrated to pgfoundry: adddepend,
dbase, dbmirror, fulltextindex, mac, userlock
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove abandoned modules: mSQL-interface, ips
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add hstore module (Oleg, Teodor)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add isn module, replacing isbn_issn (Jeremy Kronuz)
</para>
<para>
This now supports <acronym>EAN13</>, <acronym>UPC</>, <acronym>ISBN</> (books), <acronym>ISMN</> (music), and
<acronym>ISSN</> (serials).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New operators for array-subset comparisons (<literal>@&gt;</>, <literal>&lt;@</>, <literal>&amp;&amp;</>) (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
In xml, rename <function>xml_valid()</> to <function>xml_is_well_formed()</> (Tom)
</para>
<para>
<function>xml_valid()</> will remain for backward compability, but its behavior
will change to do schema checks in future releases.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="release-8-1-4"> <sect1 id="release-8-1-4">
<title>Release 8.1.4</title> <title>Release 8.1.4</title>
......
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