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Commit e1f55afe authored by Bruce Momjian's avatar Bruce Momjian
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Update Russian FAQ. 

corochoone@gmail.com
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...@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ ...@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#ff0000" vlink="#a00000" alink="#0000ff"> <BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#ff0000" vlink="#a00000" alink="#0000ff">
<H1> PostgreSQL</H1> <H1> PostgreSQL</H1>
<P> : 18 15:33:25 EDT 2006</P> <P> : 26 14:59:45 EDT 2007</P>
<P> : (Bruce Momjian) (<A href= <P> : (Bruce Momjian) (<A href=
"mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR> "mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR>
...@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ ...@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html</A>.</P> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html">http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html</A>.</P>
<P> <P>
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq/</A>.</P> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/</A>.</P>
<HR> <HR>
<H2 align="center"> </H2> <H2 align="center"> </H2>
...@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ ...@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
<A href="#item1.12">1.12</A>) ?<BR> <A href="#item1.12">1.12</A>) ?<BR>
<A href="#item1.13">1.13</A>) PostgreSQL <A href="#item1.13">1.13</A>) PostgreSQL
<SMALL></SMALL>?<BR> <SMALL></SMALL>?<BR>
<A href="#item1.14">1.14</A>) PostgreSQL , ,
?<BR>
<H2 align="center"> </H2> <H2 align="center"> </H2>
<A href="#item2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR> <A href="#item2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR>
...@@ -87,9 +88,9 @@ ...@@ -87,9 +88,9 @@
<A href="#item4.8">4.8</A>) <A href="#item4.8">4.8</A>)
? ?
?<BR> ?<BR>
<A href="#item4.9">4.9</A>) , <A href="#item4.9">4.9</A>) , -
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> - ? <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>?
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> ?<BR> <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>? <SMALL>NULL</SMALL> ?<BR>
<A href="#item4.10">4.10</A>) <A href="#item4.10">4.10</A>)
?<BR> ?<BR>
<A href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) serial/--?<BR> <A href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) serial/--?<BR>
...@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ ...@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@
", PL/PgSQL?<BR> ", PL/PgSQL?<BR>
<A href="#item4.20">4.20</A>) ?<BR> <A href="#item4.20">4.20</A>) ?<BR>
<A href="#item4.21">4.21</A>) <A href="#item4.21">4.21</A>)
ϣ ?<BR> ϣ ? ?<BR>
<HR> <HR>
...@@ -126,9 +127,9 @@ ...@@ -126,9 +127,9 @@
<H3><A name="item1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL? ?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL? ?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL <I>Post-Gres-Q-L (---)</I>, <P>PostgreSQL <I>Post-Gres-Q-L (---)</I>,
<I>Postgres</I>. <I>Postgres</I>, .
, ( "PostgreSQL",
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/postgresql.mp3"> MP3</A>. <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/postgresql.mp3">-</A>).
</P> </P>
<P>PostgreSQL - - <P>PostgreSQL - -
...@@ -141,8 +142,8 @@ ...@@ -141,8 +142,8 @@
. .
- . - .
FAQ , FAQ ,
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html"> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html">
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html</A> http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html</A>
</P> </P>
<H3><A name="item1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3>
...@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ ...@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@
<P> PostgreSQL</P> <P> PostgreSQL</P>
<P>Portions copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development <P>Portions copyright (c) 1996-2007, PostgreSQL Global Development
Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
California</P> California</P>
...@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ ...@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@
.</P> .</P>
<P>PostgreSQL Microsoft <P>PostgreSQL Microsoft
Windows, NT, Win2000, WinXP Win2003. Windows, NT, Win2000 SP4, WinXP Win2003.
<A href="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller"> <A href="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller">
http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller</A>. Windows, http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller</A>. Windows,
...@@ -218,12 +219,12 @@ ...@@ -218,12 +219,12 @@
<P> , <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/"> <P> , <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/">
http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/</a> ftp, http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/</a> ftp,
<A href="ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/">ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>.</P> <A href="ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/">ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/</A>.</P>
<H3><A name="item1.6">1.6</A>) ?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.6">1.6</A>) ?</H3>
<P> PostgreSQL - 8.1.4</P> <P> PostgreSQL - 8.2.5</P>
<P> , <P> ,
.</P> .</P>
...@@ -243,12 +244,13 @@ ...@@ -243,12 +244,13 @@
, Unix , Unix
<code>irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER" irc.freenode.net</code> <code>irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER" irc.freenode.net</code>
IRC . IRC .
(<I>#postgresql-es</I>) (<I>#postgresqlfr</I>) (<I>#postgresql-es</I>), (<I>#postgresqlfr</I>)
. PostgreSQL EFNet.</P> (<I>#postgresql-br</I>) .
PostgreSQL EFNet.</P>
<P> <P>
<A href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php"> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/support/professional_support">
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php</A>.</P> http://www.postgresql.org/support/professional_support</A>.</P>
<H3><A name="item1.8">1.8</A>) ?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.8">1.8</A>) ?</H3>
...@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ ...@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@
http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug</A>. http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug</A>.
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL
FTP <A href="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/"> FTP <A href="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/">
ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>.</P> ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/</A>.</P>
<P> , <P> ,
- PostgreSQL, - PostgreSQL,
...@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ ...@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@
man man
. <I>/doc</I>. . <I>/doc</I>.
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs"> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs">
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs</A>.</P> http://www.postgresql.org/docs</A>.</P>
<P> PostgreSQL <A href= <P> PostgreSQL <A href=
"http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html</A> "http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html</A>
...@@ -345,9 +347,9 @@ ...@@ -345,9 +347,9 @@
PostgreSQL, . PostgreSQL, .
(Korry Douglas). (Korry Douglas).
<a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/techdocs/bookreviews.php">http://techdocs.postgresql.org/techdocs/bookreviews.php</a>. <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/</a>.
, <a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org">http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/</a> , <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs</a>
PostgreSQL.</P> , PostgreSQL.</P>
<P> <I>psql</I> \d <P> <I>psql</I> \d
, , , .. - , , , .. -
...@@ -359,11 +361,7 @@ ...@@ -359,11 +361,7 @@
<H3><A name="item1.11">1.11</A>) <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.11">1.11</A>) <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>-, PostgreSQL, <P>-, PostgreSQL,
. - "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, .
Second Edition" ( SQL 21 , )
<A href="http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm">
http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm</A>.
<I>The Practical SQL Handbook</I>, <I>The Practical SQL Handbook</I>,
Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley. <I>The Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley. <I>The
Complete Reference SQL</I>, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill.</P> Complete Reference SQL</I>, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill.</P>
...@@ -453,7 +451,14 @@ ...@@ -453,7 +451,14 @@
</DD> </DD>
</DL> </DL>
<H3><A name="item1.14">1.14</A>) PostgreSQL
, , ?</H3>
<P> PostgreSQL
8.0.[4+] , 8.1.
8.0.[10+], 8.1.[6+]
. PostgreSQL 8.0
.</p>
<HR> <HR>
<H3 align="center"> </H3> <H3 align="center"> </H3>
...@@ -544,7 +549,7 @@ ...@@ -544,7 +549,7 @@
<DD> <I>postgresql.conf</I> <DD> <I>postgresql.conf</I>
. . . .
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/runtime.html"> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/runtime-config.html">
Administration Guide/Server Run-time Environment/Run-time Configuration</A>, Administration Guide/Server Run-time Environment/Run-time Configuration</A>,
. <A href="http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/annotated_conf_e.html"> . <A href="http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/annotated_conf_e.html">
http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/annotated_conf_e.html</A> http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/annotated_conf_e.html</A>
...@@ -556,11 +561,12 @@ ...@@ -556,11 +561,12 @@
<DT><B> "" - </B></DT> <DT><B> "" - </B></DT>
<DD> "" <DD> ""
<A href="http://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html">
http://candle.pha.pa.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html</A>
<A href="http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/"> <A href="http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/">
http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/</A>. http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/</A>
<BR><BR> <A href="http://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html">
http://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html</A>.
<BR>
<BR>
</DD> </DD>
</DL> </DL>
...@@ -576,33 +582,19 @@ ...@@ -576,33 +582,19 @@
<H3><A name="item3.5">3.5</A>) <I>"Sorry, too <H3><A name="item3.5">3.5</A>) <I>"Sorry, too
many clients"</I> ?</H3> many clients"</I> ?</H3>
<P> 100 <P> 100
. .
<I>postmaster</I> backend , backend ,
<I>max_connections</I> <I>postgresql.conf</I> <I>max_connections</I> <I>postgresql.conf</I>
<I>postmaster</I>.</P> .</P>
<H3><A name="item3.6">3.6</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3> <H3><A name="item3.6">3.6</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P> , PostgreSQL <P>. <a
. 7.4.8 7.4.9 href="http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning">http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning</a>
dump restore; , <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/install-upgrading.html">
̣ .</P> http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/install-upgrading.html</a>.</P>
<P>
.
, PostgreSQL
. ,
.</P>
<P>
(.. , 7.3 7.4)
.
,
.
dump/restore.</P>
<H3><A name="item3.7">3.7</A>) "" <H3><A name="item3.7">3.7</A>) ""
...@@ -745,9 +737,9 @@ ...@@ -745,9 +737,9 @@
. , . ,
, 20 . 2.8 MB. , 20 . 2.8 MB.
PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL,
5.6 MB :</P> 5.2 MB :</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
28 : () 24 : ()
+ 24 : + 24 :
+ 4 : + 4 :
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
...@@ -756,14 +748,14 @@ ...@@ -756,14 +748,14 @@
PostgreSQL 8192 (8 KB), : PostgreSQL 8192 (8 KB), :
8192 8192
--------------------- = 146 (̣) --------------------- = 158 (̣)
56 52
100000 100000
----------------------- = 685 (̣) ----------------------- = 633 (̣)
146 158
685 * 8192 = 5,611,520 (5.6 MB) 633 * 8192 = 5,185,536 (5.2 MB)
</PRE> </PRE>
<P> , <P> ,
...@@ -822,13 +814,10 @@ ...@@ -822,13 +814,10 @@
<i>C</i>, <i>C</i>,
-C . -C .
<CODE>text_pattern_ops</CODE> <CODE>text_pattern_ops</CODE>
<SMALL>LIKE</SMALL> .</LI> <SMALL>LIKE</SMALL> .
.</LI>
</UL> </UL>
<P> 8.0, ,
.
int2, int8 numeric .</P>
<H3><A name="item4.7">4.7</A>) , <H3><A name="item4.7">4.7</A>) ,
?</H3> ?</H3>
...@@ -863,9 +852,9 @@ ...@@ -863,9 +852,9 @@
̣ , ̣ ,
<SMALL>CHECK</SMALL> .</P> <SMALL>CHECK</SMALL> .</P>
<H3><A name="item4.9">4.9</A>) , <H3><A name="item4.9">4.9</A>) , -
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> - ? <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>?
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> ?</H3> <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>? <SMALL>NULL</SMALL> ?</H3>
<P> <SMALL>IS NULL</SMALL> <P> <SMALL>IS NULL</SMALL>
<SMALL>IS NOT NULL</SMALL>, :</P> <SMALL>IS NOT NULL</SMALL>, :</P>
...@@ -875,6 +864,13 @@ ...@@ -875,6 +864,13 @@
WHERE col IS NULL; WHERE col IS NULL;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P> <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>,
<I>COALESCE()</I> :</P>
<PRE>
SELECT COALESCE(col1, '') || COALESCE(col2, '')
FROM tab
</PRE>
<P> <NULL> <P> <NULL>
<SMALL>IS NULL</SMALL> <SMALL>IS NOT NULL</SMALL> <SMALL>IS NULL</SMALL> <SMALL>IS NOT NULL</SMALL>
<SMALL>ORDER BY</SMALL>. <SMALL>ORDER BY</SMALL>.
...@@ -967,38 +963,28 @@ ...@@ -967,38 +963,28 @@
); );
</PRE> </PRE>
<P>
&lt;<I></I>&gt;_&lt;<I>_serial</I>&gt;_<I>seq</I>,
<I></I> <I>_serial</I> -
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>.
<I>create_sequence</I>. <I>create_sequence</I>.</P>
<H3><A name="item4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) <H3><A name="item4.11.2">4.11.2</A>)
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>?</H3> <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>?</H3>
<P> <P> <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> sequence <SMALL>RETURNING</SMALL>. <A
<I>nextval()</I> <I></I> href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>, :</P>
. - <A href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>,
:</P>
<PRE>
new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
</PRE>
<CODE>new_id</CODE> (
<CODE>person</CODE>). ,
<SMALL>SEQUENCE</SMALL>
&lt;<I>table</I>&gt;_&lt;<I>serialcolumn</I>&gt;_<I>seq</I>,
<I>table</I> <I>serialcolumn</I>
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>.
<P> ,
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> <I>currval()</I>
<I></I> , </P>
<PRE> <PRE>
execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')"); INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal') RETURNING id;
new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
</PRE> </PRE>
<I>nextval()</I>
<SMALL>INSERT</SMALL> <I>currval()</I> <I></I>
<SMALL>INSERT</SMALL>.
<H3><A name="item4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) , <H3><A name="item4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) ,
<I>currval()</I> <I>nextval()</I> <I>currval()</I> <I>nextval()</I>
...@@ -1020,15 +1006,15 @@ ...@@ -1020,15 +1006,15 @@
<H3><A name="item4.12">4.12</A>) <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? <H3><A name="item4.12">4.12</A>) <SMALL>OID</SMALL>?
<SMALL>CTID</SMALL>?</H3> <SMALL>CTID</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>, PostgreSQL , <P> <SMALL>WITH OIDS</SMALL>,
<SMALL>OID</SMALL> <SMALL>OID</SMALL>.
<SMALL>WITHOUT OIDS</SMALL>. O<SMALL>ID</SMALL> - O<SMALL>ID</SMALL> - 4-
4- . , .
, 4 , , 4 ,
O<SMALL>ID</SMALL> . PostgreSQL O<SMALL>ID</SMALL> . PostgreSQL
<SMALL>OID</SMALL> .</P> <SMALL>OID</SMALL> .</P>
<P> , <P> ,
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>
O<SMALL>ID</SMALL>, <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> O<SMALL>ID</SMALL>, <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>
...@@ -1047,7 +1033,7 @@ ...@@ -1047,7 +1033,7 @@
<P> <P>
. .
<I>postmaster</I>
:</P> :</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
ulimit -d 262144 ulimit -d 262144
...@@ -1115,22 +1101,24 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); ...@@ -1115,22 +1101,24 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
<H3><A name="item4.18">4.18</A>) ?</H3> <H3><A name="item4.18">4.18</A>) ?</H3>
<P> , , <P> , ,
<A href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions"> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.17">
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions</A>.</P> http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.17</A>.</P>
<H3><A name="item4.19">4.19</A>) "relation with OID #### <H3><A name="item4.19">4.19</A>) "relation with OID ####
", PL/PgSQL?</H3> ", PL/PgSQL?</H3>
<P>PL/PgSQL <P> PostgreSQL 8.3, PL/PgSQL
, PL/PgSQL , PL/PgSQL
, ,
, , , ,
. .
, <SMALL>EXECUTE</SMALL> , <SMALL>EXECUTE</SMALL>
PL/PgSQL. PL/PgSQL.
.</P> .</P>
<P> PostgreSQL 8.3 , .</p>
<H3><A name="item4.20">4.20</a>) ?</H3> <H3><A name="item4.20">4.20</a>) ?</H3>
...@@ -1142,7 +1130,7 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); ...@@ -1142,7 +1130,7 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
(slave) (slave)
/<SMALL>SELECT</SMALL>. /<SMALL>SELECT</SMALL>.
master-slave PostgreSQL master-slave PostgreSQL
<A href="http://gborg.postgresql.org/project/slony1/projdisplay.php"> <A href="http://main.slony.info/">
Slony-I</A>.</P> Slony-I</A>.</P>
<P> Multi-master / <P> Multi-master /
...@@ -1150,15 +1138,15 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); ...@@ -1150,15 +1138,15 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
, ,
. .
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL
<A href="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pgcluster/">Pgcluster</A>. <A href="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pgcluster/">PGcluster</A>.
<H3><A name="item4.21">4.21</A>) <H3><A name="item4.21">4.21</A>)
ϣ ?</H3> ϣ ? ?</H3>
<P> - <P> -
. .
, ( ) , ( )
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/sql-syntax.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS"> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-syntax.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">
- </A>; , - </A>; ,
, . , .
, pgAdmin, , pgAdmin,
......
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