Commit b9984ade authored by Bruce Momjian's avatar Bruce Momjian

Update Russian FAQ.

corochoone@gmail.com
parent 10c93552
Otvety na chasto zadavaemye voprosy po PostgreSQL Otvety na chasto zadavaemye voprosy po PostgreSQL
Data poslednego obnovleniya: Voskresen'e 18 iyunya 15:33:25 EDT 2006 Data poslednego obnovleniya: Sreda 25 iyunya 23:54:14 EDT 2008
Anglijskij variant soprovozhdaet: Bryus Mom'yan (Bruce Momjian) Anglijskij variant soprovozhdaet: Bryus Mom'yan (Bruce Momjian)
(pgman@candle.pha.pa.us) (bruce@monjian.us)
Pereviol na russkij: Viktor Vislobokov (admin@linuxshare.ru) Pereviol na russkij: Viktor Vislobokov (admin@postgresql.ru.net)
Samuyu svezhuyu anglijskuyu versiyu dokumenta mozhno najti na Samuyu svezhuyu anglijskuyu versiyu dokumenta mozhno najti na
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html. http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html.
Samuyu svezhuyu russkuyu versiyu dokumenta mozhno najti na
http://postgresql.ru.net/docs/FAQ_russian.html.
Otvety na voprosy specifichnye dlya konkretnyh platform mozhno najti Otvety na voprosy specifichnye dlya konkretnyh platform mozhno najti
na http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq/. na http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/.
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Obschie voprosy Obschie voprosy
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie? 1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie? CHto
takoe Postgres?
1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL? 1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
1.3) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL? 1.3) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL?
1.4) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL? 1.4) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL?
...@@ -31,7 +35,12 @@ ...@@ -31,7 +35,12 @@
1.11) Kak nauchit'sya SQL? 1.11) Kak nauchit'sya SQL?
1.12) Kak mne otpravit' ispravlenie ili prisoedinitsya k komande 1.12) Kak mne otpravit' ispravlenie ili prisoedinitsya k komande
razrabotchikov? razrabotchikov?
1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD? 1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD? Mozhet li PostgreSQL
byt' vstroennoj?
1.14) Budet li PostgreSQL rabotat' s poslednimi izmeneniyami, v raznyh
stranyh, kasayuschimisya dnevnogo vremeni?
1.15) Kak mne otpisat'sya ot spiskov rassylki PostgreSQL? Kak
izbezhat' polucheniya dubliruyuschihsya soobschenij?
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
...@@ -71,8 +80,9 @@ ...@@ -71,8 +80,9 @@
4.8) Kak mne vypolnit' poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya i poisk 4.8) Kak mne vypolnit' poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya i poisk
nezavisimyj ot registra bukv poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya? Kak mne nezavisimyj ot registra bukv poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya? Kak mne
ispol'zovat' indeks dlya poiska nezavisimogo ot registra bukv? ispol'zovat' indeks dlya poiska nezavisimogo ot registra bukv?
4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya ravno NULL v kakom-libo 4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya v kakom-libo zaprose
zaprose? Mogu ya otsortirovat' polya NULL ili net? ravno NULL? Kak mne soedinit' vozmozhnye NULL? Mogu ya sortirovat'
polya NULL ili net?
4.10) Kakovy otlichiya mezhdu raznymi simvol'nymi tipami? 4.10) Kakovy otlichiya mezhdu raznymi simvol'nymi tipami?
4.11.1) Kak mne sozdat' pole serial/s-avto-uvelicheniem? 4.11.1) Kak mne sozdat' pole serial/s-avto-uvelicheniem?
4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL? 4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL?
...@@ -95,16 +105,17 @@ ...@@ -95,16 +105,17 @@
PL/PgSQL? PL/PgSQL?
4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii? 4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii?
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom 4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom
zaprose? zaprose? Pochemu ne sohranyayutsya zaglavnye bukvy?
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Obschie voprosy Obschie voprosy
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie? 1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie? CHto takoe
Postgres?
PostgreSQL proiznositsya Post-Gres-Q-L (Post-Gres-K'yu-`El), takzhe PostgreSQL proiznositsya Post-Gres-Q-L (Post-Gres-K'yu-`El). (Dlya
inogda govoryat prosto Postgres. Vy mozhete uslyshat' kak `eto osobo lyubopytstvuyuschih kak proiznosit' "PostgreSQL", suschestvuet
proiznositsya s pomosch'yu audiofajla, kotoryj dostupen v formate MP3. audio-fajl).
PostgreSQL - `eto ob"ektno-relyacionnaya sistema upravleniya bazami PostgreSQL - `eto ob"ektno-relyacionnaya sistema upravleniya bazami
dannyh (SUBD), kotoraya imeet tradicionnye vozmozhnosti kommercheskih dannyh (SUBD), kotoraya imeet tradicionnye vozmozhnosti kommercheskih
...@@ -116,7 +127,13 @@ ...@@ -116,7 +127,13 @@
po vsemu miru i svyazannaya cherez Internet. Razrabotka yavlyaetsya po vsemu miru i svyazannaya cherez Internet. Razrabotka yavlyaetsya
obschestvennym proektom i ne upravlyaetsya kakoj-libo kompaniej. obschestvennym proektom i ne upravlyaetsya kakoj-libo kompaniej.
Podrobnosti smotrite v FAQ dlya razrabotchikov, Podrobnosti smotrite v FAQ dlya razrabotchikov,
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html
Postgres -- `eto shiroko ispol'zuemoe sokraschenie dlya PostgreSQL.
Pervonachal'nym imenem proekta v Berkli bylo Postgres i `etot nik
teper' naibolee populyaren v razgovorah o PostgreSQL po sravneniyu s
drugimi. Esli vam trudno polnost'yu progovarivat' 'PostgreSQL', mozhno
prosto govorit' 'Postgres'.
1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL? 1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
...@@ -139,7 +156,7 @@ ...@@ -139,7 +156,7 @@
Sistema Upravleniya Bazami Dannyh PostgreSQL Sistema Upravleniya Bazami Dannyh PostgreSQL
Portions copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group Portions copyright (c) 1996-2008, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
California California
...@@ -173,25 +190,26 @@ ...@@ -173,25 +190,26 @@
momentu vyhoda dannoj versii. momentu vyhoda dannoj versii.
PostgreSQL takzhe rabotaet na operacionnyh sistemah Microsoft Windows, PostgreSQL takzhe rabotaet na operacionnyh sistemah Microsoft Windows,
osnovannyh na NT, takih kak Win2000, WinXP i Win2003. Paket osnovannyh na NT, takih kak Win2000 SP4, WinXP i Win2003. Paket
installyatora dostupen po adresu installyatora dostupen po adresu
http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller. Versii Windows, osnovannye http://www.postgresql.org/download/windows. Versii Windows, osnovannye
na MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe) mogut zapuskat' PostgreSQL s na MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe) mogut zapuskat' PostgreSQL s
pomosch'yu Cygwin. pomosch'yu Cygwin.
Takzhe suschestvuet versiya sportirovannaya pod Novell Netware 6 na Takzhe suschestvuet versiya sportirovannaya pod Novell Netware 6 na
http://forge.novell.com, i versiya dlya OS/2 (eComStation) na http://developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Postgresql, i versiya dlya
OS/2 (eComStation) na
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgre http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgre
SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F. SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F.
1.5) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL? 1.5) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL?
CHerez brauzer, ispol'zuya http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ i cherez CHerez brauzer, ispol'zuya http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ i cherez
ftp, ispol'zuya ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/. ftp, ispol'zuya ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/.
1.6) Kakaya versiya naibolee svezhaya? 1.6) Kakaya versiya naibolee svezhaya?
Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.1.4 Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.3.3
My planiruem vypuskat' novye starshie versii kazhdyj god, a mladshie My planiruem vypuskat' novye starshie versii kazhdyj god, a mladshie
versii kazhdye neskol'ko mesyacev. versii kazhdye neskol'ko mesyacev.
...@@ -208,19 +226,19 @@ ...@@ -208,19 +226,19 @@
Freenode (irc.freenode.net). CHtoby podklyuchit'sya, vy mozhete Freenode (irc.freenode.net). CHtoby podklyuchit'sya, vy mozhete
ispol'zovat' v Unix vyzov programmy irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER" ispol'zovat' v Unix vyzov programmy irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER"
irc.freenode.net ili lyuboj drugoj IRC klient. Na `etom zhe servere irc.freenode.net ili lyuboj drugoj IRC klient. Na `etom zhe servere
suschestvuyut kanaly na ispanskom (#postgresql-es) i francuzskom suschestvuyut kanaly na ispanskom (#postgresql-es), francuzskom
(#postgresqlfr) yazykah. Takzhe suschestvuet kanal po PostgreSQL na (#postgresqlfr) i brazil'skom (#postgresql-br) yazykah. Takzhe
servere EFNet. suschestvuet kanal po PostgreSQL na servere EFNet.
Spisok kommercheskoj podderzhki kompanij dostupen na Spisok kommercheskoj podderzhki kompanij dostupen na
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php. http://www.postgresql.org/support/professional_support.
1.8) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke? 1.8) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke?
Posetite stranichku so special'noj formoj otchiota ob oshibke v Posetite stranichku so special'noj formoj otchiota ob oshibke v
PostgreSQL po adresu: http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug. PostgreSQL po adresu: http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug.
Takzhe prover'te nalichie bolee svezhej versii PostgreSQL na nashem Takzhe prover'te nalichie bolee svezhej versii PostgreSQL na nashem
FTP sajte ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/. FTP sajte ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/.
Na oshibki, uvedomlenie o kotoryh byli sdelany cherez special'nuyu Na oshibki, uvedomlenie o kotoryh byli sdelany cherez special'nuyu
formu ili otpravlennye v kakoj-libo spisok rassylki PostgreSQL, formu ili otpravlennye v kakoj-libo spisok rassylki PostgreSQL,
...@@ -277,17 +295,18 @@ ...@@ -277,17 +295,18 @@
rukovodstvo, stranicy `elektronnogo rukovodstva man i nekotorye rukovodstvo, stranicy `elektronnogo rukovodstva man i nekotorye
malen'kie testovye primery. Smotrite v katalog /doc. Vy takzhe mozhete malen'kie testovye primery. Smotrite v katalog /doc. Vy takzhe mozhete
prosmatrivat' dokumentaciyu v Internet po adresu prosmatrivat' dokumentaciyu v Internet po adresu
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs. http://www.postgresql.org/docs.
Suschestvuet dve knigi po PostgreSQL dostupnye po adresam Suschestvuet dve knigi po PostgreSQL dostupnye po adresam
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html i http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html i
http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/. Est' neskol'ko knig po http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/. Est' neskol'ko knig po
PostgreSQL, kotorye mozhno kupit'. Odnu iz naibolee populyarnyh PostgreSQL, kotorye mozhno kupit'. Odnu iz naibolee populyarnyh
napisal Korri Duglas (Korry Douglas). Spisok obzorov po `etim knigam napisal Korri Duglas (Korry Douglas). Spisok obzorov po `etim knigam
dostupen po adresu dostupen po adresu http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/. Krome togo,
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/techdocs/bookreviews.php. Krome togo, po adresu
po adresu http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ vy mozhete najti kollekciyu http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Generated_Articles%2C_Guides
tehnicheskih statej posvyaschennyh PostgreSQL. %2C_and_Documentation vy mozhete najti kollekciyu tehnicheskih statej,
posveschennyh PostgreSQL.
Klient komandnoj stroki psql imeet neskol'ko komand \d dlya Klient komandnoj stroki psql imeet neskol'ko komand \d dlya
otobrazheniya informacii po tipam, operatoram, funkciyam, agregatam i otobrazheniya informacii po tipam, operatoram, funkciyam, agregatam i
...@@ -298,12 +317,10 @@ ...@@ -298,12 +317,10 @@
1.11) Kak mne nauchit'sya SQL? 1.11) Kak mne nauchit'sya SQL?
Vo-pervyh, voz'mite odnu iz knig po PostgreSQL, o kotoryh govorilos' Vo-pervyh, voz'mite odnu iz knig po PostgreSQL, o kotoryh govorilos'
vyshe. Esche odin uchebnik - `eto kniga "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 vyshe. Mnogim iz nashih pol'zovatelej takzhe nravitsya kniga The
Days, Second Edition" (Osvoj samostoyatel'no SQL za 21 den', Vtoraya Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley.
redakciya) na http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm. Mnogim Drugim nravitsya The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al.,
iz nashih pol'zovatelej nravitsya kniga The Practical SQL Handbook, McGraw-Hill.
Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley. Drugim nravitsya The
Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill.
Suschestvuet takzhe mnozhestvo prekrasnyh uchebnikov dostupnyh v Suschestvuet takzhe mnozhestvo prekrasnyh uchebnikov dostupnyh v
online: online:
...@@ -317,7 +334,8 @@ ...@@ -317,7 +334,8 @@
Smotrite FAQ dlya razrabotchikov. Smotrite FAQ dlya razrabotchikov.
1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD? 1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD? Mozhet li PostgreSQL byt'
vstroennym?
Suschestvuet neskol'ko metodov sravneniya programmnogo obespecheniya: Suschestvuet neskol'ko metodov sravneniya programmnogo obespecheniya:
vozmozhnosti, proizvoditel'nost', nadezhnost', podderzhka i cena. vozmozhnosti, proizvoditel'nost', nadezhnost', podderzhka i cena.
...@@ -367,6 +385,44 @@ ...@@ -367,6 +385,44 @@
nash produkt bez ogranichenij, za isklyucheniem teh, chto nash produkt bez ogranichenij, za isklyucheniem teh, chto
opisyvayutsya v nashej licenzii stilya BSD, kotoraya privedena opisyvayutsya v nashej licenzii stilya BSD, kotoraya privedena
vyshe. vyshe.
PostgreSQL razrabatyvaetsya po arhitekture klient/server, kotoraya
trebuet otdel'nyh processov dlya kazhdogo klienta i servera, a takzhe
neskol'ko vspomogatel'nyh processov. Mnogie vstraivaemye arhitektury
mogut sootvetstvovat' takim trebovaniyam. Odnako, esli vasha
vstraivaemaya arhitektura trebuet server baz dannyh dlya zapuska
vnutri prikladnogo processa, vy ne mozhete ispol'zovat' Postgres i vam
luchshe by vybrat' dlya bazy dannyh kakoe-libo drugoe oblegchennoe
reshenie.
1.14) Budet li PostgreSQL rabotat' s poslednimi izmeneniyami, v raznyh
stranyh, kasayuschimisya dnevnogo vremeni?
Izmeneniya v sohranenii dnevnogo vremeni v SSHA vklyucheny v
PostgreSQL versii 8.0.[4+] i vo vse sleduyuschie vypuski, naprimer v
8.1. Izmeneniya po Kanade i Zapadnoj Avstralii vklyucheny v 8.0.[10+],
8.1.[6+] i vse sleduyuschie vypuski. Vypuski PostgreSQL do 8.0
ispol'zuyut informaciyu o sohranenii dnevnogo vremeni iz bazy dannyh
vremennyh zon v operacionnoj sisteme.
_________________________________________________________________
1.15) Kak mne otpisat'sya ot spiskov rassylki PostgreSQL? Kak izbezhat'
polucheniya dubliruyuschih soobschenij?
Stranica Majordomo na sajte PostgreSQL pozvolyaet podpisat'sya ili
otpisat'sya ot lyubogo iz spiskov rassylki PostgreSQL. (Vam mozhet
ponadobitsya vash parol' dlya Majordomo, kotoryj otpravlyaetsya na
vash E-mail, chtoby vojti v upravlenie vashimi podpiskami.)
Vse spiski rassylki PostgreSQL nastarivayutsya tak, chtoby gruppovoj
otvet uhodil na adres spiska i na adres avtora soobscheniya. Tak
sdelano, chtoby pol'zovateli poluchali otvety na E-mail kak mozhno
bystree. Esli vy ne hotite poluchat' dubliruyuschie E-mail
soobscheniya iz spiska, v sluchayah kogda vy uzhe poluchili `eti
soobscheniya napryamuyu, ustanovite flazhok eliminatecc na stranice
Change Settings v Majordomo. Vy takzhe mozhete izbezhat' polucheniya
kopij svoih soobschenij dlya samogo sebya, esli snimite flazhok
selfcopy.
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
...@@ -381,8 +437,7 @@ ...@@ -381,8 +437,7 @@
Nekotorye yazyki programmirovaniya, takie kak PHP vklyuchayut v sebya Nekotorye yazyki programmirovaniya, takie kak PHP vklyuchayut v sebya
interfejs k PostgreSQL. Interfejsy dlya takih yazykov kak Perl, TCL, interfejs k PostgreSQL. Interfejsy dlya takih yazykov kak Perl, TCL,
Python i mnogih drugih, dostupny na http://gborg.postgresql.org v Python i mnogih drugih, dostupny na http://pgfoundry.org.
sekcii Drivers/Interfaces, a takzhe cherez poisk v Internet.
2.2) Kakie instrumenty suschestvuyut dlya ispol'zovaniya PostgreSQL cherez 2.2) Kakie instrumenty suschestvuyut dlya ispol'zovaniya PostgreSQL cherez
Web? Web?
...@@ -400,7 +455,8 @@ ...@@ -400,7 +455,8 @@
Dlya PostgreSQL suschestvuet bol'shoe kolichestvo instrumentov s Dlya PostgreSQL suschestvuet bol'shoe kolichestvo instrumentov s
graficheskim interfejsom kak kommercheskih, tak i otkrytyh. graficheskim interfejsom kak kommercheskih, tak i otkrytyh.
Podrobnosti mozhno najti v Dokumentacii soobschestva PostgreSQL Podrobnosti mozhno najti v Dokumentacii soobschestva dlya GUI
istrumentov PostgreSQL
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Voprosy administrirovaniya Voprosy administrirovaniya
...@@ -415,7 +471,8 @@ ...@@ -415,7 +471,8 @@
mashine cherez sokety domena Unix ili TCP/IP soedineniya. Dlya togo, mashine cherez sokety domena Unix ili TCP/IP soedineniya. Dlya togo,
chtoby drugie mashiny smogli podklyuchit'sya k baze vy dolzhny chtoby drugie mashiny smogli podklyuchit'sya k baze vy dolzhny
izmenit' listen_addresses v postgresql.conf, razreshit' izmenit' listen_addresses v postgresql.conf, razreshit'
host-avtorizaciya v fajle $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf i perestartovat' server. host-avtorizaciya v fajle $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf i perestartovat' server
SUBD.
3.3) Kakie nastrojki mne nuzhno sdelat' dlya uluchsheniya proizvoditel'nosti? 3.3) Kakie nastrojki mne nuzhno sdelat' dlya uluchsheniya proizvoditel'nosti?
...@@ -452,45 +509,34 @@ ...@@ -452,45 +509,34 @@
Vybor "zheleza" - apparatnogo obespecheniya Vybor "zheleza" - apparatnogo obespecheniya
Vliyanie "zheleza" na proizvoditel'nost' podrobno opisano v Vliyanie "zheleza" na proizvoditel'nost' podrobno opisano v
http://candle.pha.pa.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/inde http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/ i
x.html i http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/. http://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html
.
3.4) Kakie vozmozhnosti dlya otladki est' v nalichii? 3.4) Kakie vozmozhnosti dlya otladki est' v nalichii?
Est' mnozhestvo ustanovok v nastrojkah servera, nachinayuschihsya na Est' mnozhestvo ustanovok v nastrojkah servera, nachinayuschihsya na
log_*, pozvolyayuschih protokolirovat' zaprosy i statistiku raboty log_* na
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/runtime-config-logg
ing.html, pozvolyayuschih protokolirovat' zaprosy i statistiku raboty
processa, kotoraya ochen' polezna dlya otladki i izmereniya processa, kotoraya ochen' polezna dlya otladki i izmereniya
proizvoditel'nosti. proizvoditel'nosti.
3.5) Pochemu ya poluchayu soobschenie "Sorry, too many clients" kogda 3.5) Pochemu ya poluchayu soobschenie "Sorry, too many clients" kogda
pytayus' podklyuchit'sya k baze? pytayus' podklyuchit'sya k baze?
Vy dostigli ustanovlennogo po umolchaniyu ogranicheniya na 100 sessij Vy dostigli ustanovlennogo po umolchaniyu ogranicheniya v 100 sessij
podklyucheniya k baze dannyh. Vam neobhodimo uvelichit' dlya podklyucheniya k baze dannyh. Vam neobhodimo uvelichit' limit na
postmaster limit na kolichestvo konkurentnyh backend processov, kolichestvo konkurentnyh backend processov dlya vashego servera BD,
izmeniv znachenie max_connections v fajle postgresql.conf i izmeniv znachenie max_connections v fajle postgresql.conf i
perestartovat' postmaster. perestartovat' server BD.
3.6) Kak vypolnit' obnovlenie PostgreSQL? 3.6) Kak vypolnit' obnovlenie PostgreSQL?
Mezhdu podvypuskami, razrabotchiki PostgreSQL delayut tol'ko Sm. informaciyu ob obnovlenii v
ispravleniya oshibok. Takim obrazom obnovlenie s versii 7.4.8 do 7.4.9 http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning i special'nye instrukcii
ne trebuet vypolneniya dump i restore; dostatochno ostanovit' server, v
ustanovit' obnovlionnye fajly SUBD i zapustit' server. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/install-upgrading.html.
Vse pol'zovateli dolzhny by obnovlyat'sya na naibolee svezhuyu
podversiyu kak tol'ko ona budet dostupna. V to vremya kak kazhdoe
obnovlenie podrazumevaet nekotoryj risk, podversii PostgreSQL
razrabytyvayutsya tol'ko dlya ispravleniya obschih oshibok s
minimal'nym riskom. Takim obrazom, vash risk svyazan tol'ko s samim
obnovleniem.
Pri vyhode ocherednogo vypuska (t.e. pri obnovlenii naprimer, s 7.3 na
7.4) chasto menyaetsya vnutrennij format sistemnyh tablic i fajlov
dannyh. `Eti izmeneniya chasto nosyat slozhnyj harakter, tak chto my
ne obsluzhivaem obratnuyu sovmestimost' dlya fajlov dannyh. V `etih
sluchayah dlya obnovleniya bazy dannyh trebuetsya vypolnit'
dump/restore.
3.7) Kakoe komp'yuternoe "zhelezo" ya dolzhen ispol'zovat'? 3.7) Kakoe komp'yuternoe "zhelezo" ya dolzhen ispol'zovat'?
...@@ -602,8 +648,8 @@ ...@@ -602,8 +648,8 @@
kotoryh celoe chislo i tekstovoe opisanie. Pri `etom dlina teksta, v kotoryh celoe chislo i tekstovoe opisanie. Pri `etom dlina teksta, v
srednem, sostavlyaet 20 bajt. Razmer prostogo fajla sostavit 2.8 MB. srednem, sostavlyaet 20 bajt. Razmer prostogo fajla sostavit 2.8 MB.
Razmer bazy PostgreSQL, soderzhaschej `eti zhe dannye sostavit Razmer bazy PostgreSQL, soderzhaschej `eti zhe dannye sostavit
priblizitel'no 5.6 MB iz kotoryh: priblizitel'no 5.2 MB iz kotoryh:
28 bajt: na kazhdyj zagolovok stroki v tablice (priblizitel'no) 24 bajt: na kazhdyj zagolovok stroki v tablice (priblizitel'no)
+ 24 bajta: odno pole s celochislennym tipom i odno tekstovoe pole + 24 bajta: odno pole s celochislennym tipom i odno tekstovoe pole
+ 4 bajta: ukazatel' na stranice dlya vsej tablichnoj stroki + 4 bajta: ukazatel' na stranice dlya vsej tablichnoj stroki
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
...@@ -612,14 +658,14 @@ ...@@ -612,14 +658,14 @@
Razmer stranicy dannyh v PostgreSQL sostavlyaet 8192 bajt (8 KB), tak chto: Razmer stranicy dannyh v PostgreSQL sostavlyaet 8192 bajt (8 KB), tak chto:
8192 bajt na stranicu 8192 bajt na stranicu
--------------------- = 146 strok v tablice na stranicu BD (okruglionno) --------------------- = 158 strok v tablice na stranicu BD (okruglionno)
56 bajt na stroku v tablice 52 bajt na stroku v tablice
100000 strok dannyh 100000 strok dannyh
----------------------- = 685 stranic v BD (okruglionno) ----------------------- = 633 stranic v BD (okruglionno)
146 strok v tablice na stranicu 158 strok v tablice na stranicu
685 stranic BD * 8192 bajt na stranicu = 5,611,520 bajt (5.6 MB) 633 stranic BD * 8192 bajt na stranicu = 5,185,536 bajt (5.2 MB)
Indeksy ne trebuyut tak mnogo, no poskol'ku oni sozdayutsya dlya Indeksy ne trebuyut tak mnogo, no poskol'ku oni sozdayutsya dlya
bol'shogo kolichestva dannyh, oni takzhe mogut byt' veliki. bol'shogo kolichestva dannyh, oni takzhe mogut byt' veliki.
...@@ -674,12 +720,9 @@ ...@@ -674,12 +720,9 @@
potomu chto ne suschestvuet vozmozhnosti uznat' sleduyuschij potomu chto ne suschestvuet vozmozhnosti uznat' sleduyuschij
naibol'shij simvol dlya ne-C lokali. Vy mozhete dlya takih naibol'shij simvol dlya ne-C lokali. Vy mozhete dlya takih
sluchaev sozdat' special'nyj indeks text_pattern_ops kotoryj sluchaev sozdat' special'nyj indeks text_pattern_ops kotoryj
rabotaet tol'ko dlya LIKE indeksirovaniya. rabotaet tol'ko dlya LIKE indeksirovaniya. Dlya poiska slov takzhe
mozhno ispol'zovat' polnotekstovyj indeks.
V vypuskah do versii 8.0, indeksy chasto nel'zya bylo ispol'zovat',
esli tipy dannyh tochno ne sovpadali s indeksnymi tipami kolonok. `Eto
osobenno kasalos' int2, int8 i numeric indeksov kolonok.
4.7) Kak posmotret' na to, kak optimizator vypolnyaet moj zapros? 4.7) Kak posmotret' na to, kak optimizator vypolnyaet moj zapros?
Smotrite stranicu rukovodstva posvyaschennuyu EXPLAIN. Smotrite stranicu rukovodstva posvyaschennuyu EXPLAIN.
...@@ -708,14 +751,20 @@ ...@@ -708,14 +751,20 @@
simvoly tol'ko v opredelionnom registre, ispol'zujte ogranichenie simvoly tol'ko v opredelionnom registre, ispol'zujte ogranichenie
CHECK ili proverku cherez trigger. CHECK ili proverku cherez trigger.
4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya ravno NULL v kakom-libo 4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya v kakom-libo zaprose ravno
zaprose? Mogu ya otsortirovat' polya NULL ili net? NULL? Kak mne soedinit' vozmozhnye NULL? Mogu ya sortirovat' polya NULL ili
net?
Vy prosto sravnivaete znachenie s IS NULL i IS NOT NULL, kak zdes': Vy prosto sravnivaete znachenie s IS NULL i IS NOT NULL, kak zdes':
SELECT * SELECT *
FROM tab FROM tab
WHERE col IS NULL; WHERE col IS NULL;
CHtoby soedinit' s vozmozhnymi znacheniyami NULL, ispol'zujte
COALESCE() kak zdes':
SELECT COALESCE(col1, '') || COALESCE(col2, '')
FROM tab
CHtoby otsortirovat' dannye po znacheniyu ispol'zujte modifikatory IS CHtoby otsortirovat' dannye po znacheniyu ispol'zujte modifikatory IS
NULL i IS NOT NULL v vyrazhenii ORDER BY. Kogda oni budut generirovat' NULL i IS NOT NULL v vyrazhenii ORDER BY. Kogda oni budut generirovat'
znacheniya istina, to pri sortirovke oni budut vyshe, chem znacheniya znacheniya istina, to pri sortirovke oni budut vyshe, chem znacheniya
...@@ -771,31 +820,22 @@ ...@@ -771,31 +820,22 @@
name TEXT name TEXT
); );
Smotrite podrobnosti o posledovatel'nostyah na stranice rukovodstva Avtomaticheski sozdannaya posledovatel'nost' imeet imya vida
<tablica>_<kolonka_serial>_seq, gde tablica i kolonka_serial - `eto
sootvetstvenno imena tablicy i kolonki s tipom SERIAL. Smotrite
podrobnosti o posledovatel'nostyah na stranice rukovodstva
posvyaschennoj create_sequence. posvyaschennoj create_sequence.
4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL? 4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL?
Odin iz sposobov sostoit v poluchenii sleduyuschego znacheniya SERIAL Prostejshij sposob poluchit' naznachennoe znachenie SERIAL `eto
iz ob"ekta sequence s pomosch'yu funkcii nextval() pered vstavkoj i ispol'zovat' RETURNING. Ispol'zuya dlya primera tablicu v 4.11.1, `eto
zatem vstavlyat' `eto znachenie yavno. Ispol'zujte tablicu-primer v mozhet vyglyadet' tak:
4.11.1, primer v psevdoyazyke pokazhet kak `eto delaetsya: INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal') RETURNING id;
new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
Zatem vy dolzhny takzhe sohranit' novoe znachenie v peremennoj new_id
dlya ego ispol'zovaniya v drugih zaprosah (naprimer takih kak vneshnij
klyuch dlya tablicy person). Zametim, chto imya avtomaticheski
sozdannogo ob"ekta SEQUENCE budet <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq, gde
table i serialcolumn yavlyayutsya sootvetstvenno imenami vashej
tablicy i vashej kolonki SERIAL.
V kachestve al'ternativy, vy mozhete poluchit' naznachennoe znachenie
SERIAL s pomosch'yu funkcii currval() posle provedeniya obychnoj
operacii vstavki, naprimer
execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
Vy takzhe mozhete vyzvat' nextval() i ispol'zovat' `eto znachenie v
INSERT ili vyzvat' currval() posle INSERT.
4.11.3) Ne mozhet li poluchit'sya tak, chto ispol'zovanie currval() i 4.11.3) Ne mozhet li poluchit'sya tak, chto ispol'zovanie currval() i
nextval() privedet k zaciklirovaniyu s drugimi pol'zovatelyami? nextval() privedet k zaciklirovaniyu s drugimi pol'zovatelyami?
...@@ -813,15 +853,14 @@ ...@@ -813,15 +853,14 @@
4.12) CHto takoe OID? CHto takoe CTID? 4.12) CHto takoe OID? CHto takoe CTID?
Kazhdaya, sozdavaemaya v PostgreSQL tablichnaya stroka, poluchaet Esli tablica sozdana s WITH OIDS, to kazhdaya stroka poluchaet
unikal'nyj indentifikator OID za isklyucheniem sluchaya kogda unikal'nyj indentifikator OID. OID - `eto avtomaticheski naznachaemoe
ispol'zovalos' WITHOUT OIDS. OID - `eto avtomaticheski naznachaemoe unikal'noe 4-h bajtovoe celoe chislo, kotoroe unikal'no dlya vsej
unikal'noe 4-h bajtovoe celoe chislo. Odnako, posle togo kak ego ustanovlennoj SUBD. Odnako, posle togo kak ego znachenie prevysit 4
znachenie prevysit 4 milliarda, znacheniya OID nachinayut milliarda, znacheniya OID nachinayut dublirovat'sya. PostgreSQL
dublirovat'sya. PostgreSQL ispol'zuet OID dlya svyazyvaniya svoih ispol'zuet OID dlya svyazyvaniya svoih vnutrennih tablic.
vnutrennih tablic.
Dlya unikal'nyh znachenij v kolonkah tablicy pol'zovatelya, luchshim Dlya unikal'nogo znacheniya v strokah tablicy pol'zovatelya, luchshim
sposobom yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie SERIAL vmesto OID, potomu chto sposobom yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie SERIAL vmesto OID, potomu chto
posledovatel'nosti SERIAL unikal'ny tol'ko vnutri tablicy i takim posledovatel'nosti SERIAL unikal'ny tol'ko vnutri tablicy i takim
obrazom men'she podverzheny perepolneniyu. Dlya hraneniya znachenij obrazom men'she podverzheny perepolneniyu. Dlya hraneniya znachenij
...@@ -839,7 +878,7 @@ ...@@ -839,7 +878,7 @@
Predpolozhitel'no u vas zakonchilas' virtual'naya pamyat' ili chto Predpolozhitel'no u vas zakonchilas' virtual'naya pamyat' ili chto
vashe yadro imeet malen'kij limit na opredelennye resursy. Popytajtes' vashe yadro imeet malen'kij limit na opredelennye resursy. Popytajtes'
pered zapuskom postmaster vypolnit' sleduyuschie komandy: pered zapuskom servera BD vypolnit' sleduyuschie komandy:
ulimit -d 262144 ulimit -d 262144
limit datasize 256m limit datasize 256m
...@@ -895,19 +934,23 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); ...@@ -895,19 +934,23 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
4.18) Kak mne vernut' iz funkcii neskol'ko strok tablicy? 4.18) Kak mne vernut' iz funkcii neskol'ko strok tablicy?
Vy mozhete legko ispol'zovat' funkcii, vozvraschayuschie spisok, Vy mozhete legko ispol'zovat' funkcii, vozvraschayuschie spisok,
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions. http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Return_more_than_one_row_of_data_from_
PL/pgSQL_functions.
4.19) Pochemu ya poluchayu oshibku "relation with OID #### ne suschestvuet", 4.19) Pochemu ya poluchayu oshibku "relation with OID #### ne suschestvuet",
kogda obraschayuts' k vremennym tablicam v funkciyah PL/PgSQL? kogda obraschayuts' k vremennym tablicam v funkciyah PL/PgSQL?
PL/PgSQL k`eshiruet scenarii funkcii i odin iz negativnyh `effektov V PostgreSQL do versii 8.3, PL/PgSQL k`eshiruet scenarii funkcii i
`etogo sostoit v tom, chto esli funkciya PL/PgSQL obraschaetsya k odin iz negativnyh `effektov `etogo sostoit v tom, chto esli funkciya
vremennoj tablice i `eta tablica pozdnee udalyaetsya i peresozdaetsya, PL/PgSQL obraschaetsya k vremennoj tablice i `eta tablica pozdnee
a funkciya zatem vyzyvaetsya snova, to ee vyzov privedet k oshibke, udalyaetsya i peresozdaetsya, a funkciya zatem vyzyvaetsya snova, to
potomu chto sk`eshirovannoe soderzhimoe funkcii soderzhit ukazatel' na ee vyzov privedet k oshibke, potomu chto sk`eshirovannoe soderzhimoe
staruyu vremennuyu tablicu. CHtoby reshit' `etu problemu, ispol'zujte funkcii soderzhit ukazatel' na staruyu vremennuyu tablicu. CHtoby
EXECUTE dlya dostupa k vremennym tablicam v PL/PgSQL. Ispol'zovanie reshit' `etu problemu, ispol'zujte EXECUTE dlya dostupa k vremennym
`etogo operatora zastavit zapros peregenerirovat'sya kazhdyj raz. tablicam v PL/PgSQL. Ispol'zovanie `etogo operatora zastavit zapros
peregenerirovat'sya kazhdyj raz.
V PostgreSQL 8.3 i pozdnee, `etoj problemy net.
4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii? 4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii?
...@@ -926,15 +969,16 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); ...@@ -926,15 +969,16 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
osobennost' takzhe privodit k potere proizvoditel'nosti, potomu chto osobennost' takzhe privodit k potere proizvoditel'nosti, potomu chto
neobhodima sinhronizaciya izmenenij mezhdu neskol'kimi serverami. neobhodima sinhronizaciya izmenenij mezhdu neskol'kimi serverami.
Naibolee populyarnym resheniem dlya takoj replikacii v PostgreSQL Naibolee populyarnym resheniem dlya takoj replikacii v PostgreSQL
yavlyaetsya Pgcluster. yavlyaetsya PGcluster.
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom zaprose? 4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom zaprose?
Pochemu ne sohranyayutsya zaglavnye bukvy?
Naibolee chasto `eto proishodit iz-za ispol'zovaniya dvojnyh kavychek Naibolee chasto imena neraspoznayutsya iz-za ispol'zovaniya dvojnyh
v imeni tablicy ili kolonki pri sozdanii tablicy. Pri ispol'zovanii kavychek v imeni tablicy ili kolonki pri sozdanii tablicy. Pri
dvojnyh kavychek, imya tablicy i kolonki (kotorye nazyvayut ispol'zovanii dvojnyh kavychek, imya tablicy i kolonki (kotorye
identifikatorami) sohranyayutsya v registro-zavisimom vide; `eto nazyvayut identifikatorami) sohranyayutsya v registro-zavisimom vide;
oznachaet, chto vy dolzhny ispol'zovat' dvojnye kavychki, kogda `eto oznachaet, chto vy dolzhny ispol'zovat' dvojnye kavychki, kogda
ukazyvaete `eti imena v zaprose. Nekotorye interfejsy, takie kak ukazyvaete `eti imena v zaprose. Nekotorye interfejsy, takie kak
pgAdmin, vo vremya sozdaniya tablicy dobavlyayut dvojnye kavychki pgAdmin, vo vremya sozdaniya tablicy dobavlyayut dvojnye kavychki
avtomaticheski. Takim obrazom, chtoby identifikatory raspoznavalis' vy avtomaticheski. Takim obrazom, chtoby identifikatory raspoznavalis' vy
......
...@@ -12,24 +12,27 @@ ...@@ -12,24 +12,27 @@
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#ff0000" vlink="#a00000" alink="#0000ff"> <BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#ff0000" vlink="#a00000" alink="#0000ff">
<H1> PostgreSQL</H1> <H1> PostgreSQL</H1>
<P> : 26 14:59:45 EDT 2007</P> <P> : 25 23:54:14 EDT 2008</P>
<P> : (Bruce Momjian) (<A href= <P> : (Bruce Momjian) (<A href=
"mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR> "mailto:bruce@momjian.us">bruce@monjian.us</A>)
</P> </P>
<P>ף : (<A href= <P>ף : (<A href=
"mailto:admin@linuxshare.ru">admin@linuxshare.ru</A>)<BR> "mailto:admin@postgresql.ru.net">admin@postgresql.ru.net</A>)<BR>
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html">http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html</A>.</P> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html">http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html</A>.</P>
<P>
<A href="http://postgresql.ru.net/docs/FAQ_russian.html">http://postgresql.ru.net/docs/FAQ_russian.html</A>.</P>
<P> <P>
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/</A>.</P> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/</A>.</P>
<HR> <HR>
<H2 align="center"> </H2> <H2 align="center"> </H2>
<A href="#item1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL? ?<BR> <A href="#item1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL? ? Postgres?<BR>
<A href="#item1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR> <A href="#item1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR>
<A href="#item1.3">1.3</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR> <A href="#item1.3">1.3</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR>
<A href="#item1.4">1.4</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR> <A href="#item1.4">1.4</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR>
...@@ -43,9 +46,11 @@ ...@@ -43,9 +46,11 @@
<A href="#item1.11">1.11</A>) <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?<BR> <A href="#item1.11">1.11</A>) <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?<BR>
<A href="#item1.12">1.12</A>) ?<BR> <A href="#item1.12">1.12</A>) ?<BR>
<A href="#item1.13">1.13</A>) PostgreSQL <A href="#item1.13">1.13</A>) PostgreSQL
<SMALL></SMALL>?<BR> <SMALL></SMALL>? PostgreSQL ?<BR>
<A href="#item1.14">1.14</A>) PostgreSQL , , <A href="#item1.14">1.14</A>) PostgreSQL , ,
?<BR> ?<BR>
<A href="#item1.15">1.15</A>) PostgreSQL?
?<BR>
<H2 align="center"> </H2> <H2 align="center"> </H2>
<A href="#item2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR> <A href="#item2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL?<BR>
...@@ -124,10 +129,9 @@ ...@@ -124,10 +129,9 @@
<H2 align="center"> </H2> <H2 align="center"> </H2>
<H3><A name="item1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL? ?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL? ? Postgres?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL <I>Post-Gres-Q-L (---)</I>, <P>PostgreSQL <I>Post-Gres-Q-L (---)</I>.
<I>Postgres</I>, .
( "PostgreSQL", ( "PostgreSQL",
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/postgresql.mp3">-</A>). <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/postgresql.mp3">-</A>).
</P> </P>
...@@ -146,6 +150,12 @@ ...@@ -146,6 +150,12 @@
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html</A> http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html</A>
</P> </P>
<P>Postgres &mdash; PostgreSQL.
Postgres
PostgreSQL .
'PostgreSQL',
'Postgres'.</P>
<H3><A name="item1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P> - , <P> - ,
...@@ -169,7 +179,7 @@ ...@@ -169,7 +179,7 @@
<P> PostgreSQL</P> <P> PostgreSQL</P>
<P>Portions copyright (c) 1996-2007, PostgreSQL Global Development <P>Portions copyright (c) 1996-2008, PostgreSQL Global Development
Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
California</P> California</P>
...@@ -204,13 +214,13 @@ ...@@ -204,13 +214,13 @@
<P>PostgreSQL Microsoft <P>PostgreSQL Microsoft
Windows, NT, Win2000 SP4, WinXP Win2003. Windows, NT, Win2000 SP4, WinXP Win2003.
<A href="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller"> <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/download/windows">
http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller</A>. Windows, http://www.postgresql.org/download/windows</A>. Windows,
MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe) MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe)
PostgreSQL Cygwin.</P> PostgreSQL Cygwin.</P>
<P> Novell Netware 6 <P> Novell Netware 6
<A href="http://forge.novell.com/">http://forge.novell.com</A>, <A href="http://developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Postgresql">http://developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Postgresql</A>,
OS/2 (eComStation) OS/2 (eComStation)
<A href="http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&amp;button=Search&amp;key=postgreSQL&amp;stype=all&amp;sort=type&amp;dir=%2F"> <A href="http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&amp;button=Search&amp;key=postgreSQL&amp;stype=all&amp;sort=type&amp;dir=%2F">
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&amp;button=Search&amp;key=postgreSQL&amp;stype=all&amp;sort=type&amp;dir=%2F</A>.</P> http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&amp;button=Search&amp;key=postgreSQL&amp;stype=all&amp;sort=type&amp;dir=%2F</A>.</P>
...@@ -224,7 +234,7 @@ ...@@ -224,7 +234,7 @@
<H3><A name="item1.6">1.6</A>) ?</H3> <H3><A name="item1.6">1.6</A>) ?</H3>
<P> PostgreSQL - 8.2.5</P> <P> PostgreSQL - 8.3.3</P>
<P> , <P> ,
.</P> .</P>
...@@ -348,7 +358,7 @@ ...@@ -348,7 +358,7 @@
(Korry Douglas). (Korry Douglas).
<a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/</a>. <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/</a>.
, <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs</a> , <a href="http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Generated_Articles%2C_Guides%2C_and_Documentation">http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Generated_Articles%2C_Guides%2C_and_Documentation</a>
, PostgreSQL.</P> , PostgreSQL.</P>
<P> <I>psql</I> \d <P> <I>psql</I> \d
...@@ -386,7 +396,7 @@ ...@@ -386,7 +396,7 @@
<H3><A name="item1.13">1.13</A>) PostgreSQL <H3><A name="item1.13">1.13</A>) PostgreSQL
<SMALL></SMALL>?</H3> <SMALL></SMALL>? PostgreSQL ?</H3>
<P> <P>
: :
...@@ -450,6 +460,14 @@ ...@@ -450,6 +460,14 @@
<BR> <BR>
</DD> </DD>
</DL> </DL>
<P>PostgreSQL /,
,
.
. ,
, Postgres
- .</P>
<H3><A name="item1.14">1.14</A>) PostgreSQL <H3><A name="item1.14">1.14</A>) PostgreSQL
, , ?</H3> , , ?</H3>
...@@ -461,7 +479,26 @@ ...@@ -461,7 +479,26 @@
.</p> .</p>
<HR> <HR>
<H3 align="center"> </H3> <H3 id="item1.15">1.15) PostgreSQL?
?</H3>
<P> <a
href="http://mail.postgresql.org/mj/mj_wwwusr/domain=postgresql.org?user=&amp;passw=&amp;func=login">Majordomo</a>
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL. ( Majordomo,
E-mail, .)</P>
<P> PostgreSQL ,
<I></I> . ,
E-mail .
E-mail , ,
<I>eliminatecc</I> <I>Change Settings</I>
Majordomo. ,
<I>selfcopy</I>.</P>
<HR>
<H2 align="center"> </H2>
<H3><A name="item2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3> <H3><A name="item2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL?</H3>
...@@ -474,9 +511,7 @@ ...@@ -474,9 +511,7 @@
<P> , <small>PHP</small> <P> , <small>PHP</small>
PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL.
Perl, <small>TCL</small>, Python , Perl, <small>TCL</small>, Python ,
<A href="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</A> <a href="http://pgfoundry.org">http://pgfoundry.org</A>.</P>
<i>Drivers/Interfaces</I>, .</P>
<H3><A name="item2.2">2.2</A>) <H3><A name="item2.2">2.2</A>)
PostgreSQL Web?</H3> PostgreSQL Web?</H3>
...@@ -495,8 +530,8 @@ ...@@ -495,8 +530,8 @@
<P> PostgreSQL <P> PostgreSQL
, . , .
<a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.54"> <A href="http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Guide_to_PostgreSQL_GUI_Tools">
PostgreSQL</A></P> GUI PostgreSQL</A></P>
<HR> <HR>
...@@ -515,7 +550,7 @@ ...@@ -515,7 +550,7 @@
<I>listen_addresses</I> <I>postgresql.conf</I>, <I>listen_addresses</I> <I>postgresql.conf</I>,
host- <I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I> host- <I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I>
.</P> .</P>
<H3><A name="item3.3">3.3</A>) <H3><A name="item3.3">3.3</A>)
?</H3> ?</H3>
...@@ -574,9 +609,10 @@ ...@@ -574,9 +609,10 @@
?</H3> ?</H3>
<P> , <P> ,
<code>log_*</code>, <code>log_*</code> <a
, href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/runtime-config-logging.html">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/runtime-config-logging.html</a>,
.</P> ,
.</P>
<H3><A name="item3.5">3.5</A>) <I>"Sorry, too <H3><A name="item3.5">3.5</A>) <I>"Sorry, too
...@@ -1101,9 +1137,8 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); ...@@ -1101,9 +1137,8 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
<H3><A name="item4.18">4.18</A>) ?</H3> <H3><A name="item4.18">4.18</A>) ?</H3>
<P> , , <P> , ,
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.17"> <a href="http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Return_more_than_one_row_of_data_from_PL/pgSQL_functions">
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.17</A>.</P> http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Return_more_than_one_row_of_data_from_PL/pgSQL_functions</a>.</P>
<H3><A name="item4.19">4.19</A>) "relation with OID #### <H3><A name="item4.19">4.19</A>) "relation with OID ####
", PL/PgSQL?</H3> ", PL/PgSQL?</H3>
......
Markdown is supported
0% or
You are about to add 0 people to the discussion. Proceed with caution.
Finish editing this message first!
Please register or to comment