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Abuhujair Javed
Postgres FD Implementation
Commits
b9984ade
Commit
b9984ade
authored
Aug 16, 2008
by
Bruce Momjian
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Update Russian FAQ.
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b9984ade
Otvety na chasto zadavaemye voprosy po PostgreSQL
Otvety na chasto zadavaemye voprosy po PostgreSQL
Data poslednego obnovleniya:
Voskresen'e 18 iyunya 15:33:25 EDT 2006
Data poslednego obnovleniya:
Sreda 25 iyunya 23:54:14 EDT 2008
Anglijskij variant soprovozhdaet: Bryus Mom'yan (Bruce Momjian)
Anglijskij variant soprovozhdaet: Bryus Mom'yan (Bruce Momjian)
(
pgman@candle.pha.pa
.us)
(
bruce@monjian
.us)
Pereviol na russkij: Viktor Vislobokov (admin@
linuxshare.ru
)
Pereviol na russkij: Viktor Vislobokov (admin@
postgresql.ru.net
)
Samuyu svezhuyu anglijskuyu versiyu dokumenta mozhno najti na
Samuyu svezhuyu anglijskuyu versiyu dokumenta mozhno najti na
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html.
http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html.
Samuyu svezhuyu russkuyu versiyu dokumenta mozhno najti na
http://postgresql.ru.net/docs/FAQ_russian.html.
Otvety na voprosy specifichnye dlya konkretnyh platform mozhno najti
Otvety na voprosy specifichnye dlya konkretnyh platform mozhno najti
na http://www.
PostgreSQL
.org/docs/faq/.
na http://www.
postgresql
.org/docs/faq/.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Obschie voprosy
Obschie voprosy
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie?
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie? CHto
takoe Postgres?
1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
1.3) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL?
1.3) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL?
1.4) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL?
1.4) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL?
...
@@ -31,7 +35,12 @@
...
@@ -31,7 +35,12 @@
1.11) Kak nauchit'sya SQL?
1.11) Kak nauchit'sya SQL?
1.12) Kak mne otpravit' ispravlenie ili prisoedinitsya k komande
1.12) Kak mne otpravit' ispravlenie ili prisoedinitsya k komande
razrabotchikov?
razrabotchikov?
1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD?
1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD? Mozhet li PostgreSQL
byt' vstroennoj?
1.14) Budet li PostgreSQL rabotat' s poslednimi izmeneniyami, v raznyh
stranyh, kasayuschimisya dnevnogo vremeni?
1.15) Kak mne otpisat'sya ot spiskov rassylki PostgreSQL? Kak
izbezhat' polucheniya dubliruyuschihsya soobschenij?
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
...
@@ -71,8 +80,9 @@
...
@@ -71,8 +80,9 @@
4.8) Kak mne vypolnit' poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya i poisk
4.8) Kak mne vypolnit' poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya i poisk
nezavisimyj ot registra bukv poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya? Kak mne
nezavisimyj ot registra bukv poisk regulyarnogo vyrazheniya? Kak mne
ispol'zovat' indeks dlya poiska nezavisimogo ot registra bukv?
ispol'zovat' indeks dlya poiska nezavisimogo ot registra bukv?
4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya ravno NULL v kakom-libo
4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya v kakom-libo zaprose
zaprose? Mogu ya otsortirovat' polya NULL ili net?
ravno NULL? Kak mne soedinit' vozmozhnye NULL? Mogu ya sortirovat'
polya NULL ili net?
4.10) Kakovy otlichiya mezhdu raznymi simvol'nymi tipami?
4.10) Kakovy otlichiya mezhdu raznymi simvol'nymi tipami?
4.11.1) Kak mne sozdat' pole serial/s-avto-uvelicheniem?
4.11.1) Kak mne sozdat' pole serial/s-avto-uvelicheniem?
4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL?
4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL?
...
@@ -95,16 +105,17 @@
...
@@ -95,16 +105,17 @@
PL/PgSQL?
PL/PgSQL?
4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii?
4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii?
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom
zaprose?
zaprose?
Pochemu ne sohranyayutsya zaglavnye bukvy?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Obschie voprosy
Obschie voprosy
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie?
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie? CHto takoe
Postgres?
PostgreSQL proiznositsya Post-Gres-Q-L (Post-Gres-K'yu-`El)
, takzhe
PostgreSQL proiznositsya Post-Gres-Q-L (Post-Gres-K'yu-`El)
. (Dlya
inogda govoryat prosto Postgres. Vy mozhete uslyshat' kak `eto
osobo lyubopytstvuyuschih kak proiznosit' "PostgreSQL", suschestvuet
proiznositsya s pomosch'yu audiofajla, kotoryj dostupen v formate MP3
.
audio-fajl)
.
PostgreSQL - `eto ob"ektno-relyacionnaya sistema upravleniya bazami
PostgreSQL - `eto ob"ektno-relyacionnaya sistema upravleniya bazami
dannyh (SUBD), kotoraya imeet tradicionnye vozmozhnosti kommercheskih
dannyh (SUBD), kotoraya imeet tradicionnye vozmozhnosti kommercheskih
...
@@ -116,7 +127,13 @@
...
@@ -116,7 +127,13 @@
po vsemu miru i svyazannaya cherez Internet. Razrabotka yavlyaetsya
po vsemu miru i svyazannaya cherez Internet. Razrabotka yavlyaetsya
obschestvennym proektom i ne upravlyaetsya kakoj-libo kompaniej.
obschestvennym proektom i ne upravlyaetsya kakoj-libo kompaniej.
Podrobnosti smotrite v FAQ dlya razrabotchikov,
Podrobnosti smotrite v FAQ dlya razrabotchikov,
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html
Postgres -- `eto shiroko ispol'zuemoe sokraschenie dlya PostgreSQL.
Pervonachal'nym imenem proekta v Berkli bylo Postgres i `etot nik
teper' naibolee populyaren v razgovorah o PostgreSQL po sravneniyu s
drugimi. Esli vam trudno polnost'yu progovarivat' 'PostgreSQL', mozhno
prosto govorit' 'Postgres'.
1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
...
@@ -139,7 +156,7 @@
...
@@ -139,7 +156,7 @@
Sistema Upravleniya Bazami Dannyh PostgreSQL
Sistema Upravleniya Bazami Dannyh PostgreSQL
Portions copyright (c) 1996-200
6
, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Portions copyright (c) 1996-200
8
, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
California
California
...
@@ -173,25 +190,26 @@
...
@@ -173,25 +190,26 @@
momentu vyhoda dannoj versii.
momentu vyhoda dannoj versii.
PostgreSQL takzhe rabotaet na operacionnyh sistemah Microsoft Windows,
PostgreSQL takzhe rabotaet na operacionnyh sistemah Microsoft Windows,
osnovannyh na NT, takih kak Win2000, WinXP i Win2003. Paket
osnovannyh na NT, takih kak Win2000
SP4
, WinXP i Win2003. Paket
installyatora dostupen po adresu
installyatora dostupen po adresu
http://
pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller
. Versii Windows, osnovannye
http://
www.postgresql.org/download/windows
. Versii Windows, osnovannye
na MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe) mogut zapuskat' PostgreSQL s
na MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe) mogut zapuskat' PostgreSQL s
pomosch'yu Cygwin.
pomosch'yu Cygwin.
Takzhe suschestvuet versiya sportirovannaya pod Novell Netware 6 na
Takzhe suschestvuet versiya sportirovannaya pod Novell Netware 6 na
http://forge.novell.com, i versiya dlya OS/2 (eComStation) na
http://developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Postgresql, i versiya dlya
OS/2 (eComStation) na
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgre
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgre
SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F.
SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F.
1.5) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL?
1.5) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL?
CHerez brauzer, ispol'zuya http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ i cherez
CHerez brauzer, ispol'zuya http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ i cherez
ftp, ispol'zuya ftp://ftp.
PostgreSQL
.org/pub/.
ftp, ispol'zuya ftp://ftp.
postgresql
.org/pub/.
1.6) Kakaya versiya naibolee svezhaya?
1.6) Kakaya versiya naibolee svezhaya?
Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.
1.4
Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.
3.3
My planiruem vypuskat' novye starshie versii kazhdyj god, a mladshie
My planiruem vypuskat' novye starshie versii kazhdyj god, a mladshie
versii kazhdye neskol'ko mesyacev.
versii kazhdye neskol'ko mesyacev.
...
@@ -208,19 +226,19 @@
...
@@ -208,19 +226,19 @@
Freenode (irc.freenode.net). CHtoby podklyuchit'sya, vy mozhete
Freenode (irc.freenode.net). CHtoby podklyuchit'sya, vy mozhete
ispol'zovat' v Unix vyzov programmy irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER"
ispol'zovat' v Unix vyzov programmy irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER"
irc.freenode.net ili lyuboj drugoj IRC klient. Na `etom zhe servere
irc.freenode.net ili lyuboj drugoj IRC klient. Na `etom zhe servere
suschestvuyut kanaly na ispanskom (#postgresql-es)
i
francuzskom
suschestvuyut kanaly na ispanskom (#postgresql-es)
,
francuzskom
(#postgresqlfr)
yazykah. Takzhe suschestvuet kanal po PostgreSQL na
(#postgresqlfr)
i brazil'skom (#postgresql-br) yazykah. Takzhe
servere EFNet.
s
uschestvuet kanal po PostgreSQL na s
ervere EFNet.
Spisok kommercheskoj podderzhki kompanij dostupen na
Spisok kommercheskoj podderzhki kompanij dostupen na
http://
techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php
.
http://
www.postgresql.org/support/professional_support
.
1.8) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke?
1.8) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke?
Posetite stranichku so special'noj formoj otchiota ob oshibke v
Posetite stranichku so special'noj formoj otchiota ob oshibke v
PostgreSQL po adresu: http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug.
PostgreSQL po adresu: http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug.
Takzhe prover'te nalichie bolee svezhej versii PostgreSQL na nashem
Takzhe prover'te nalichie bolee svezhej versii PostgreSQL na nashem
FTP sajte ftp://ftp.
PostgreSQL
.org/pub/.
FTP sajte ftp://ftp.
postgresql
.org/pub/.
Na oshibki, uvedomlenie o kotoryh byli sdelany cherez special'nuyu
Na oshibki, uvedomlenie o kotoryh byli sdelany cherez special'nuyu
formu ili otpravlennye v kakoj-libo spisok rassylki PostgreSQL,
formu ili otpravlennye v kakoj-libo spisok rassylki PostgreSQL,
...
@@ -277,17 +295,18 @@
...
@@ -277,17 +295,18 @@
rukovodstvo, stranicy `elektronnogo rukovodstva man i nekotorye
rukovodstvo, stranicy `elektronnogo rukovodstva man i nekotorye
malen'kie testovye primery. Smotrite v katalog /doc. Vy takzhe mozhete
malen'kie testovye primery. Smotrite v katalog /doc. Vy takzhe mozhete
prosmatrivat' dokumentaciyu v Internet po adresu
prosmatrivat' dokumentaciyu v Internet po adresu
http://www.
PostgreSQL
.org/docs.
http://www.
postgresql
.org/docs.
Suschestvuet dve knigi po PostgreSQL dostupnye po adresam
Suschestvuet dve knigi po PostgreSQL dostupnye po adresam
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html i
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html i
http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/. Est' neskol'ko knig po
http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/. Est' neskol'ko knig po
PostgreSQL, kotorye mozhno kupit'. Odnu iz naibolee populyarnyh
PostgreSQL, kotorye mozhno kupit'. Odnu iz naibolee populyarnyh
napisal Korri Duglas (Korry Douglas). Spisok obzorov po `etim knigam
napisal Korri Duglas (Korry Douglas). Spisok obzorov po `etim knigam
dostupen po adresu
dostupen po adresu http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/. Krome togo,
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/techdocs/bookreviews.php. Krome togo,
po adresu
po adresu http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ vy mozhete najti kollekciyu
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Generated_Articles%2C_Guides
tehnicheskih statej posvyaschennyh PostgreSQL.
%2C_and_Documentation vy mozhete najti kollekciyu tehnicheskih statej,
posveschennyh PostgreSQL.
Klient komandnoj stroki psql imeet neskol'ko komand \d dlya
Klient komandnoj stroki psql imeet neskol'ko komand \d dlya
otobrazheniya informacii po tipam, operatoram, funkciyam, agregatam i
otobrazheniya informacii po tipam, operatoram, funkciyam, agregatam i
...
@@ -298,12 +317,10 @@
...
@@ -298,12 +317,10 @@
1.11) Kak mne nauchit'sya SQL?
1.11) Kak mne nauchit'sya SQL?
Vo-pervyh, voz'mite odnu iz knig po PostgreSQL, o kotoryh govorilos'
Vo-pervyh, voz'mite odnu iz knig po PostgreSQL, o kotoryh govorilos'
vyshe. Esche odin uchebnik - `eto kniga "Teach Yourself SQL in 21
vyshe. Mnogim iz nashih pol'zovatelej takzhe nravitsya kniga The
Days, Second Edition" (Osvoj samostoyatel'no SQL za 21 den', Vtoraya
Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley.
redakciya) na http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm. Mnogim
Drugim nravitsya The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al.,
iz nashih pol'zovatelej nravitsya kniga The Practical SQL Handbook,
McGraw-Hill.
Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley. Drugim nravitsya The
Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill.
Suschestvuet takzhe mnozhestvo prekrasnyh uchebnikov dostupnyh v
Suschestvuet takzhe mnozhestvo prekrasnyh uchebnikov dostupnyh v
online:
online:
...
@@ -317,7 +334,8 @@
...
@@ -317,7 +334,8 @@
Smotrite FAQ dlya razrabotchikov.
Smotrite FAQ dlya razrabotchikov.
1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD?
1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD? Mozhet li PostgreSQL byt'
vstroennym?
Suschestvuet neskol'ko metodov sravneniya programmnogo obespecheniya:
Suschestvuet neskol'ko metodov sravneniya programmnogo obespecheniya:
vozmozhnosti, proizvoditel'nost', nadezhnost', podderzhka i cena.
vozmozhnosti, proizvoditel'nost', nadezhnost', podderzhka i cena.
...
@@ -367,6 +385,44 @@
...
@@ -367,6 +385,44 @@
nash produkt bez ogranichenij, za isklyucheniem teh, chto
nash produkt bez ogranichenij, za isklyucheniem teh, chto
opisyvayutsya v nashej licenzii stilya BSD, kotoraya privedena
opisyvayutsya v nashej licenzii stilya BSD, kotoraya privedena
vyshe.
vyshe.
PostgreSQL razrabatyvaetsya po arhitekture klient/server, kotoraya
trebuet otdel'nyh processov dlya kazhdogo klienta i servera, a takzhe
neskol'ko vspomogatel'nyh processov. Mnogie vstraivaemye arhitektury
mogut sootvetstvovat' takim trebovaniyam. Odnako, esli vasha
vstraivaemaya arhitektura trebuet server baz dannyh dlya zapuska
vnutri prikladnogo processa, vy ne mozhete ispol'zovat' Postgres i vam
luchshe by vybrat' dlya bazy dannyh kakoe-libo drugoe oblegchennoe
reshenie.
1.14) Budet li PostgreSQL rabotat' s poslednimi izmeneniyami, v raznyh
stranyh, kasayuschimisya dnevnogo vremeni?
Izmeneniya v sohranenii dnevnogo vremeni v SSHA vklyucheny v
PostgreSQL versii 8.0.[4+] i vo vse sleduyuschie vypuski, naprimer v
8.1. Izmeneniya po Kanade i Zapadnoj Avstralii vklyucheny v 8.0.[10+],
8.1.[6+] i vse sleduyuschie vypuski. Vypuski PostgreSQL do 8.0
ispol'zuyut informaciyu o sohranenii dnevnogo vremeni iz bazy dannyh
vremennyh zon v operacionnoj sisteme.
_________________________________________________________________
1.15) Kak mne otpisat'sya ot spiskov rassylki PostgreSQL? Kak izbezhat'
polucheniya dubliruyuschih soobschenij?
Stranica Majordomo na sajte PostgreSQL pozvolyaet podpisat'sya ili
otpisat'sya ot lyubogo iz spiskov rassylki PostgreSQL. (Vam mozhet
ponadobitsya vash parol' dlya Majordomo, kotoryj otpravlyaetsya na
vash E-mail, chtoby vojti v upravlenie vashimi podpiskami.)
Vse spiski rassylki PostgreSQL nastarivayutsya tak, chtoby gruppovoj
otvet uhodil na adres spiska i na adres avtora soobscheniya. Tak
sdelano, chtoby pol'zovateli poluchali otvety na E-mail kak mozhno
bystree. Esli vy ne hotite poluchat' dubliruyuschie E-mail
soobscheniya iz spiska, v sluchayah kogda vy uzhe poluchili `eti
soobscheniya napryamuyu, ustanovite flazhok eliminatecc na stranice
Change Settings v Majordomo. Vy takzhe mozhete izbezhat' polucheniya
kopij svoih soobschenij dlya samogo sebya, esli snimite flazhok
selfcopy.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
...
@@ -381,8 +437,7 @@
...
@@ -381,8 +437,7 @@
Nekotorye yazyki programmirovaniya, takie kak PHP vklyuchayut v sebya
Nekotorye yazyki programmirovaniya, takie kak PHP vklyuchayut v sebya
interfejs k PostgreSQL. Interfejsy dlya takih yazykov kak Perl, TCL,
interfejs k PostgreSQL. Interfejsy dlya takih yazykov kak Perl, TCL,
Python i mnogih drugih, dostupny na http://gborg.postgresql.org v
Python i mnogih drugih, dostupny na http://pgfoundry.org.
sekcii Drivers/Interfaces, a takzhe cherez poisk v Internet.
2.2) Kakie instrumenty suschestvuyut dlya ispol'zovaniya PostgreSQL cherez
2.2) Kakie instrumenty suschestvuyut dlya ispol'zovaniya PostgreSQL cherez
Web?
Web?
...
@@ -400,7 +455,8 @@
...
@@ -400,7 +455,8 @@
Dlya PostgreSQL suschestvuet bol'shoe kolichestvo instrumentov s
Dlya PostgreSQL suschestvuet bol'shoe kolichestvo instrumentov s
graficheskim interfejsom kak kommercheskih, tak i otkrytyh.
graficheskim interfejsom kak kommercheskih, tak i otkrytyh.
Podrobnosti mozhno najti v Dokumentacii soobschestva PostgreSQL
Podrobnosti mozhno najti v Dokumentacii soobschestva dlya GUI
istrumentov PostgreSQL
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Voprosy administrirovaniya
Voprosy administrirovaniya
...
@@ -415,7 +471,8 @@
...
@@ -415,7 +471,8 @@
mashine cherez sokety domena Unix ili TCP/IP soedineniya. Dlya togo,
mashine cherez sokety domena Unix ili TCP/IP soedineniya. Dlya togo,
chtoby drugie mashiny smogli podklyuchit'sya k baze vy dolzhny
chtoby drugie mashiny smogli podklyuchit'sya k baze vy dolzhny
izmenit' listen_addresses v postgresql.conf, razreshit'
izmenit' listen_addresses v postgresql.conf, razreshit'
host-avtorizaciya v fajle $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf i perestartovat' server.
host-avtorizaciya v fajle $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf i perestartovat' server
SUBD.
3.3) Kakie nastrojki mne nuzhno sdelat' dlya uluchsheniya proizvoditel'nosti?
3.3) Kakie nastrojki mne nuzhno sdelat' dlya uluchsheniya proizvoditel'nosti?
...
@@ -452,45 +509,34 @@
...
@@ -452,45 +509,34 @@
Vybor "zheleza" - apparatnogo obespecheniya
Vybor "zheleza" - apparatnogo obespecheniya
Vliyanie "zheleza" na proizvoditel'nost' podrobno opisano v
Vliyanie "zheleza" na proizvoditel'nost' podrobno opisano v
http://candle.pha.pa.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/inde
http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/ i
x.html i http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/.
http://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html
.
3.4) Kakie vozmozhnosti dlya otladki est' v nalichii?
3.4) Kakie vozmozhnosti dlya otladki est' v nalichii?
Est' mnozhestvo ustanovok v nastrojkah servera, nachinayuschihsya na
Est' mnozhestvo ustanovok v nastrojkah servera, nachinayuschihsya na
log_*, pozvolyayuschih protokolirovat' zaprosy i statistiku raboty
log_* na
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/runtime-config-logg
ing.html, pozvolyayuschih protokolirovat' zaprosy i statistiku raboty
processa, kotoraya ochen' polezna dlya otladki i izmereniya
processa, kotoraya ochen' polezna dlya otladki i izmereniya
proizvoditel'nosti.
proizvoditel'nosti.
3.5) Pochemu ya poluchayu soobschenie "Sorry, too many clients" kogda
3.5) Pochemu ya poluchayu soobschenie "Sorry, too many clients" kogda
pytayus' podklyuchit'sya k baze?
pytayus' podklyuchit'sya k baze?
Vy dostigli ustanovlennogo po umolchaniyu ogranicheniya
na
100 sessij
Vy dostigli ustanovlennogo po umolchaniyu ogranicheniya
v
100 sessij
podklyucheniya k baze dannyh. Vam neobhodimo uvelichit'
dly
a
podklyucheniya k baze dannyh. Vam neobhodimo uvelichit'
limit n
a
postmaster limit na kolichestvo konkurentnyh backend processov
,
kolichestvo konkurentnyh backend processov dlya vashego servera BD
,
izmeniv znachenie max_connections v fajle postgresql.conf i
izmeniv znachenie max_connections v fajle postgresql.conf i
perestartovat'
postmaster
.
perestartovat'
server BD
.
3.6) Kak vypolnit' obnovlenie PostgreSQL?
3.6) Kak vypolnit' obnovlenie PostgreSQL?
Mezhdu podvypuskami, razrabotchiki PostgreSQL delayut tol'ko
Sm. informaciyu ob obnovlenii v
ispravleniya oshibok. Takim obrazom obnovlenie s versii 7.4.8 do 7.4.9
http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning i special'nye instrukcii
ne trebuet vypolneniya dump i restore; dostatochno ostanovit' server,
v
ustanovit' obnovlionnye fajly SUBD i zapustit' server.
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/install-upgrading.html.
Vse pol'zovateli dolzhny by obnovlyat'sya na naibolee svezhuyu
podversiyu kak tol'ko ona budet dostupna. V to vremya kak kazhdoe
obnovlenie podrazumevaet nekotoryj risk, podversii PostgreSQL
razrabytyvayutsya tol'ko dlya ispravleniya obschih oshibok s
minimal'nym riskom. Takim obrazom, vash risk svyazan tol'ko s samim
obnovleniem.
Pri vyhode ocherednogo vypuska (t.e. pri obnovlenii naprimer, s 7.3 na
7.4) chasto menyaetsya vnutrennij format sistemnyh tablic i fajlov
dannyh. `Eti izmeneniya chasto nosyat slozhnyj harakter, tak chto my
ne obsluzhivaem obratnuyu sovmestimost' dlya fajlov dannyh. V `etih
sluchayah dlya obnovleniya bazy dannyh trebuetsya vypolnit'
dump/restore.
3.7) Kakoe komp'yuternoe "zhelezo" ya dolzhen ispol'zovat'?
3.7) Kakoe komp'yuternoe "zhelezo" ya dolzhen ispol'zovat'?
...
@@ -602,8 +648,8 @@
...
@@ -602,8 +648,8 @@
kotoryh celoe chislo i tekstovoe opisanie. Pri `etom dlina teksta, v
kotoryh celoe chislo i tekstovoe opisanie. Pri `etom dlina teksta, v
srednem, sostavlyaet 20 bajt. Razmer prostogo fajla sostavit 2.8 MB.
srednem, sostavlyaet 20 bajt. Razmer prostogo fajla sostavit 2.8 MB.
Razmer bazy PostgreSQL, soderzhaschej `eti zhe dannye sostavit
Razmer bazy PostgreSQL, soderzhaschej `eti zhe dannye sostavit
priblizitel'no 5.
6
MB iz kotoryh:
priblizitel'no 5.
2
MB iz kotoryh:
2
8
bajt: na kazhdyj zagolovok stroki v tablice (priblizitel'no)
2
4
bajt: na kazhdyj zagolovok stroki v tablice (priblizitel'no)
+ 24 bajta: odno pole s celochislennym tipom i odno tekstovoe pole
+ 24 bajta: odno pole s celochislennym tipom i odno tekstovoe pole
+ 4 bajta: ukazatel' na stranice dlya vsej tablichnoj stroki
+ 4 bajta: ukazatel' na stranice dlya vsej tablichnoj stroki
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
...
@@ -612,14 +658,14 @@
...
@@ -612,14 +658,14 @@
Razmer stranicy dannyh v PostgreSQL sostavlyaet 8192 bajt (8 KB), tak chto:
Razmer stranicy dannyh v PostgreSQL sostavlyaet 8192 bajt (8 KB), tak chto:
8192 bajt na stranicu
8192 bajt na stranicu
--------------------- = 1
46
strok v tablice na stranicu BD (okruglionno)
--------------------- = 1
58
strok v tablice na stranicu BD (okruglionno)
5
6
bajt na stroku v tablice
5
2
bajt na stroku v tablice
100000 strok dannyh
100000 strok dannyh
----------------------- = 6
85
stranic v BD (okruglionno)
----------------------- = 6
33
stranic v BD (okruglionno)
1
46
strok v tablice na stranicu
1
58
strok v tablice na stranicu
6
85 stranic BD * 8192 bajt na stranicu = 5,611,520 bajt (5.6
MB)
6
33 stranic BD * 8192 bajt na stranicu = 5,185,536 bajt (5.2
MB)
Indeksy ne trebuyut tak mnogo, no poskol'ku oni sozdayutsya dlya
Indeksy ne trebuyut tak mnogo, no poskol'ku oni sozdayutsya dlya
bol'shogo kolichestva dannyh, oni takzhe mogut byt' veliki.
bol'shogo kolichestva dannyh, oni takzhe mogut byt' veliki.
...
@@ -674,12 +720,9 @@
...
@@ -674,12 +720,9 @@
potomu chto ne suschestvuet vozmozhnosti uznat' sleduyuschij
potomu chto ne suschestvuet vozmozhnosti uznat' sleduyuschij
naibol'shij simvol dlya ne-C lokali. Vy mozhete dlya takih
naibol'shij simvol dlya ne-C lokali. Vy mozhete dlya takih
sluchaev sozdat' special'nyj indeks text_pattern_ops kotoryj
sluchaev sozdat' special'nyj indeks text_pattern_ops kotoryj
rabotaet tol'ko dlya LIKE indeksirovaniya.
rabotaet tol'ko dlya LIKE indeksirovaniya. Dlya poiska slov takzhe
mozhno ispol'zovat' polnotekstovyj indeks.
V vypuskah do versii 8.0, indeksy chasto nel'zya bylo ispol'zovat',
esli tipy dannyh tochno ne sovpadali s indeksnymi tipami kolonok. `Eto
osobenno kasalos' int2, int8 i numeric indeksov kolonok.
4.7) Kak posmotret' na to, kak optimizator vypolnyaet moj zapros?
4.7) Kak posmotret' na to, kak optimizator vypolnyaet moj zapros?
Smotrite stranicu rukovodstva posvyaschennuyu EXPLAIN.
Smotrite stranicu rukovodstva posvyaschennuyu EXPLAIN.
...
@@ -708,14 +751,20 @@
...
@@ -708,14 +751,20 @@
simvoly tol'ko v opredelionnom registre, ispol'zujte ogranichenie
simvoly tol'ko v opredelionnom registre, ispol'zujte ogranichenie
CHECK ili proverku cherez trigger.
CHECK ili proverku cherez trigger.
4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya ravno NULL v kakom-libo
4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya v kakom-libo zaprose ravno
zaprose? Mogu ya otsortirovat' polya NULL ili net?
NULL? Kak mne soedinit' vozmozhnye NULL? Mogu ya sortirovat' polya NULL ili
net?
Vy prosto sravnivaete znachenie s IS NULL i IS NOT NULL, kak zdes':
Vy prosto sravnivaete znachenie s IS NULL i IS NOT NULL, kak zdes':
SELECT *
SELECT *
FROM tab
FROM tab
WHERE col IS NULL;
WHERE col IS NULL;
CHtoby soedinit' s vozmozhnymi znacheniyami NULL, ispol'zujte
COALESCE() kak zdes':
SELECT COALESCE(col1, '') || COALESCE(col2, '')
FROM tab
CHtoby otsortirovat' dannye po znacheniyu ispol'zujte modifikatory IS
CHtoby otsortirovat' dannye po znacheniyu ispol'zujte modifikatory IS
NULL i IS NOT NULL v vyrazhenii ORDER BY. Kogda oni budut generirovat'
NULL i IS NOT NULL v vyrazhenii ORDER BY. Kogda oni budut generirovat'
znacheniya istina, to pri sortirovke oni budut vyshe, chem znacheniya
znacheniya istina, to pri sortirovke oni budut vyshe, chem znacheniya
...
@@ -771,31 +820,22 @@
...
@@ -771,31 +820,22 @@
name TEXT
name TEXT
);
);
Smotrite podrobnosti o posledovatel'nostyah na stranice rukovodstva
Avtomaticheski sozdannaya posledovatel'nost' imeet imya vida
<tablica>_<kolonka_serial>_seq, gde tablica i kolonka_serial - `eto
sootvetstvenno imena tablicy i kolonki s tipom SERIAL. Smotrite
podrobnosti o posledovatel'nostyah na stranice rukovodstva
posvyaschennoj create_sequence.
posvyaschennoj create_sequence.
4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL?
4.11.2) Kak mne poluchit' znachenie pri vstavke SERIAL?
Odin iz sposobov sostoit v poluchenii sleduyuschego znacheniya SERIAL
Prostejshij sposob poluchit' naznachennoe znachenie SERIAL `eto
iz ob"ekta sequence s pomosch'yu funkcii nextval() pered vstavkoj i
ispol'zovat' RETURNING. Ispol'zuya dlya primera tablicu v 4.11.1, `eto
zatem vstavlyat' `eto znachenie yavno. Ispol'zujte tablicu-primer v
mozhet vyglyadet' tak:
4.11.1, primer v psevdoyazyke pokazhet kak `eto delaetsya:
INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal') RETURNING id;
new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
Zatem vy dolzhny takzhe sohranit' novoe znachenie v peremennoj new_id
dlya ego ispol'zovaniya v drugih zaprosah (naprimer takih kak vneshnij
klyuch dlya tablicy person). Zametim, chto imya avtomaticheski
sozdannogo ob"ekta SEQUENCE budet <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq, gde
table i serialcolumn yavlyayutsya sootvetstvenno imenami vashej
tablicy i vashej kolonki SERIAL.
V kachestve al'ternativy, vy mozhete poluchit' naznachennoe znachenie
SERIAL s pomosch'yu funkcii currval() posle provedeniya obychnoj
operacii vstavki, naprimer
execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
Vy takzhe mozhete vyzvat' nextval() i ispol'zovat' `eto znachenie v
INSERT ili vyzvat' currval() posle INSERT.
4.11.3) Ne mozhet li poluchit'sya tak, chto ispol'zovanie currval() i
4.11.3) Ne mozhet li poluchit'sya tak, chto ispol'zovanie currval() i
nextval() privedet k zaciklirovaniyu s drugimi pol'zovatelyami?
nextval() privedet k zaciklirovaniyu s drugimi pol'zovatelyami?
...
@@ -813,15 +853,14 @@
...
@@ -813,15 +853,14 @@
4.12) CHto takoe OID? CHto takoe CTID?
4.12) CHto takoe OID? CHto takoe CTID?
Kazhdaya, sozdavaemaya v PostgreSQL tablichnaya stroka, poluchaet
Esli tablica sozdana s WITH OIDS, to kazhdaya stroka poluchaet
unikal'nyj indentifikator OID za isklyucheniem sluchaya kogda
unikal'nyj indentifikator OID. OID - `eto avtomaticheski naznachaemoe
ispol'zovalos' WITHOUT OIDS. OID - `eto avtomaticheski naznachaemoe
unikal'noe 4-h bajtovoe celoe chislo, kotoroe unikal'no dlya vsej
unikal'noe 4-h bajtovoe celoe chislo. Odnako, posle togo kak ego
ustanovlennoj SUBD. Odnako, posle togo kak ego znachenie prevysit 4
znachenie prevysit 4 milliarda, znacheniya OID nachinayut
milliarda, znacheniya OID nachinayut dublirovat'sya. PostgreSQL
dublirovat'sya. PostgreSQL ispol'zuet OID dlya svyazyvaniya svoih
ispol'zuet OID dlya svyazyvaniya svoih vnutrennih tablic.
vnutrennih tablic.
Dlya unikal'n
yh znachenij v kolon
kah tablicy pol'zovatelya, luchshim
Dlya unikal'n
ogo znacheniya v stro
kah tablicy pol'zovatelya, luchshim
sposobom yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie SERIAL vmesto OID, potomu chto
sposobom yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie SERIAL vmesto OID, potomu chto
posledovatel'nosti SERIAL unikal'ny tol'ko vnutri tablicy i takim
posledovatel'nosti SERIAL unikal'ny tol'ko vnutri tablicy i takim
obrazom men'she podverzheny perepolneniyu. Dlya hraneniya znachenij
obrazom men'she podverzheny perepolneniyu. Dlya hraneniya znachenij
...
@@ -839,7 +878,7 @@
...
@@ -839,7 +878,7 @@
Predpolozhitel'no u vas zakonchilas' virtual'naya pamyat' ili chto
Predpolozhitel'no u vas zakonchilas' virtual'naya pamyat' ili chto
vashe yadro imeet malen'kij limit na opredelennye resursy. Popytajtes'
vashe yadro imeet malen'kij limit na opredelennye resursy. Popytajtes'
pered zapuskom
postmaster
vypolnit' sleduyuschie komandy:
pered zapuskom
servera BD
vypolnit' sleduyuschie komandy:
ulimit -d 262144
ulimit -d 262144
limit datasize 256m
limit datasize 256m
...
@@ -895,19 +934,23 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
...
@@ -895,19 +934,23 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
4.18) Kak mne vernut' iz funkcii neskol'ko strok tablicy?
4.18) Kak mne vernut' iz funkcii neskol'ko strok tablicy?
Vy mozhete legko ispol'zovat' funkcii, vozvraschayuschie spisok,
Vy mozhete legko ispol'zovat' funkcii, vozvraschayuschie spisok,
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions.
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Return_more_than_one_row_of_data_from_
PL/pgSQL_functions.
4.19) Pochemu ya poluchayu oshibku "relation with OID #### ne suschestvuet",
4.19) Pochemu ya poluchayu oshibku "relation with OID #### ne suschestvuet",
kogda obraschayuts' k vremennym tablicam v funkciyah PL/PgSQL?
kogda obraschayuts' k vremennym tablicam v funkciyah PL/PgSQL?
PL/PgSQL k`eshiruet scenarii funkcii i odin iz negativnyh `effektov
V PostgreSQL do versii 8.3, PL/PgSQL k`eshiruet scenarii funkcii i
`etogo sostoit v tom, chto esli funkciya PL/PgSQL obraschaetsya k
odin iz negativnyh `effektov `etogo sostoit v tom, chto esli funkciya
vremennoj tablice i `eta tablica pozdnee udalyaetsya i peresozdaetsya,
PL/PgSQL obraschaetsya k vremennoj tablice i `eta tablica pozdnee
a funkciya zatem vyzyvaetsya snova, to ee vyzov privedet k oshibke,
udalyaetsya i peresozdaetsya, a funkciya zatem vyzyvaetsya snova, to
potomu chto sk`eshirovannoe soderzhimoe funkcii soderzhit ukazatel' na
ee vyzov privedet k oshibke, potomu chto sk`eshirovannoe soderzhimoe
staruyu vremennuyu tablicu. CHtoby reshit' `etu problemu, ispol'zujte
funkcii soderzhit ukazatel' na staruyu vremennuyu tablicu. CHtoby
EXECUTE dlya dostupa k vremennym tablicam v PL/PgSQL. Ispol'zovanie
reshit' `etu problemu, ispol'zujte EXECUTE dlya dostupa k vremennym
`etogo operatora zastavit zapros peregenerirovat'sya kazhdyj raz.
tablicam v PL/PgSQL. Ispol'zovanie `etogo operatora zastavit zapros
peregenerirovat'sya kazhdyj raz.
V PostgreSQL 8.3 i pozdnee, `etoj problemy net.
4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii?
4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii?
...
@@ -926,15 +969,16 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
...
@@ -926,15 +969,16 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
osobennost' takzhe privodit k potere proizvoditel'nosti, potomu chto
osobennost' takzhe privodit k potere proizvoditel'nosti, potomu chto
neobhodima sinhronizaciya izmenenij mezhdu neskol'kimi serverami.
neobhodima sinhronizaciya izmenenij mezhdu neskol'kimi serverami.
Naibolee populyarnym resheniem dlya takoj replikacii v PostgreSQL
Naibolee populyarnym resheniem dlya takoj replikacii v PostgreSQL
yavlyaetsya P
g
cluster.
yavlyaetsya P
G
cluster.
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom zaprose?
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom zaprose?
Pochemu ne sohranyayutsya zaglavnye bukvy?
Naibolee chasto
`eto proishodit iz-za ispol'zovaniya dvojnyh kavychek
Naibolee chasto
imena neraspoznayutsya iz-za ispol'zovaniya dvojnyh
v imeni tablicy ili kolonki pri sozdanii tablicy. Pri ispol'zovani
i
kavychek v imeni tablicy ili kolonki pri sozdanii tablicy. Pr
i
dvojnyh kavychek, imya tablicy i kolonki (kotorye nazyvayut
ispol'zovanii dvojnyh kavychek, imya tablicy i kolonki (kotorye
identifikatorami) sohranyayutsya v registro-zavisimom vide; `eto
nazyvayut identifikatorami) sohranyayutsya v registro-zavisimom vide;
oznachaet, chto vy dolzhny ispol'zovat' dvojnye kavychki, kogda
`eto
oznachaet, chto vy dolzhny ispol'zovat' dvojnye kavychki, kogda
ukazyvaete `eti imena v zaprose. Nekotorye interfejsy, takie kak
ukazyvaete `eti imena v zaprose. Nekotorye interfejsy, takie kak
pgAdmin, vo vremya sozdaniya tablicy dobavlyayut dvojnye kavychki
pgAdmin, vo vremya sozdaniya tablicy dobavlyayut dvojnye kavychki
avtomaticheski. Takim obrazom, chtoby identifikatory raspoznavalis' vy
avtomaticheski. Takim obrazom, chtoby identifikatory raspoznavalis' vy
...
...
doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_russian.html
View file @
b9984ade
...
@@ -12,24 +12,27 @@
...
@@ -12,24 +12,27 @@
<BODY
bgcolor=
"#ffffff"
text=
"#000000"
link=
"#ff0000"
vlink=
"#a00000"
alink=
"#0000ff"
>
<BODY
bgcolor=
"#ffffff"
text=
"#000000"
link=
"#ff0000"
vlink=
"#a00000"
alink=
"#0000ff"
>
<H1>
PostgreSQL
</H1>
<H1>
PostgreSQL
</H1>
<P>
: 2
6 14:59:45 EDT 2007
</P>
<P>
: 2
5 23:54:14 EDT 2008
</P>
<P>
: (Bruce Momjian) (
<A
href=
<P>
: (Bruce Momjian) (
<A
href=
"mailto:
pgman@candle.pha.pa.us"
>
pgman@candle.pha.pa.us
</A>
)
<BR>
"mailto:
bruce@momjian.us"
>
bruce@monjian.us
</A>
)
</P>
</P>
<P>
ף : (
<A
href=
<P>
ף : (
<A
href=
"mailto:admin@
linuxshare.ru"
>
admin@linuxshare.ru
</A>
)
<BR>
"mailto:admin@
postgresql.ru.net"
>
admin@postgresql.ru.net
</A>
)
<BR>
</P>
</P>
<P>
<P>
<A
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html
</A>
.
</P>
<A
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html
</A>
.
</P>
<P>
<A
href=
"http://postgresql.ru.net/docs/FAQ_russian.html"
>
http://postgresql.ru.net/docs/FAQ_russian.html
</A>
.
</P>
<P>
<P>
<A
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/
</A>
.
</P>
<A
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/
</A>
.
</P>
<HR>
<HR>
<H2
align=
"center"
>
</H2>
<H2
align=
"center"
>
</H2>
<A
href=
"#item1.1"
>
1.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL? ?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.1"
>
1.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL? ?
Postgres?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.2"
>
1.2
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.2"
>
1.2
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.3"
>
1.3
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.3"
>
1.3
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.4"
>
1.4
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.4"
>
1.4
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
...
@@ -43,9 +46,11 @@
...
@@ -43,9 +46,11 @@
<A
href=
"#item1.11"
>
1.11
</A>
)
<SMALL>
SQL
</SMALL>
?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.11"
>
1.11
</A>
)
<SMALL>
SQL
</SMALL>
?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.12"
>
1.12
</A>
) ?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.12"
>
1.12
</A>
) ?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.13"
>
1.13
</A>
) PostgreSQL
<A
href=
"#item1.13"
>
1.13
</A>
) PostgreSQL
<SMALL></SMALL>
?
<BR>
<SMALL></SMALL>
?
PostgreSQL ?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.14"
>
1.14
</A>
) PostgreSQL , ,
<A
href=
"#item1.14"
>
1.14
</A>
) PostgreSQL , ,
?
<BR>
?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item1.15"
>
1.15
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
?
<BR>
<H2
align=
"center"
>
</H2>
<H2
align=
"center"
>
</H2>
<A
href=
"#item2.1"
>
2.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
<A
href=
"#item2.1"
>
2.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
<BR>
...
@@ -124,10 +129,9 @@
...
@@ -124,10 +129,9 @@
<H2
align=
"center"
>
</H2>
<H2
align=
"center"
>
</H2>
<H3><A
name=
"item1.1"
>
1.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL? ?
</H3>
<H3><A
name=
"item1.1"
>
1.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL? ?
Postgres?
</H3>
<P>
PostgreSQL
<I>
Post-Gres-Q-L (---)
</I>
,
<P>
PostgreSQL
<I>
Post-Gres-Q-L (---)
</I>
.
<I>
Postgres
</I>
, .
( "PostgreSQL",
( "PostgreSQL",
<A
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/files/postgresql.mp3"
>
-
</A>
).
<A
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/files/postgresql.mp3"
>
-
</A>
).
</P>
</P>
...
@@ -146,6 +150,12 @@
...
@@ -146,6 +150,12 @@
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html
</A>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html
</A>
</P>
</P>
<P>
Postgres
—
PostgreSQL.
Postgres
PostgreSQL .
'PostgreSQL',
'Postgres'.
</P>
<H3><A
name=
"item1.2"
>
1.2
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
</H3>
<H3><A
name=
"item1.2"
>
1.2
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
</H3>
<P>
- ,
<P>
- ,
...
@@ -169,7 +179,7 @@
...
@@ -169,7 +179,7 @@
<P>
PostgreSQL
</P>
<P>
PostgreSQL
</P>
<P>
Portions copyright (c) 1996-200
7
, PostgreSQL Global Development
<P>
Portions copyright (c) 1996-200
8
, PostgreSQL Global Development
Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
California
</P>
California
</P>
...
@@ -204,13 +214,13 @@
...
@@ -204,13 +214,13 @@
<P>
PostgreSQL Microsoft
<P>
PostgreSQL Microsoft
Windows, NT, Win2000 SP4, WinXP Win2003.
Windows, NT, Win2000 SP4, WinXP Win2003.
<A
href=
"http://
pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller
"
>
<A
href=
"http://
www.postgresql.org/download/windows
"
>
http://
pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller
</A>
. Windows,
http://
www.postgresql.org/download/windows
</A>
. Windows,
MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe)
MS-DOS (Win95, Win98, WinMe)
PostgreSQL Cygwin.
</P>
PostgreSQL Cygwin.
</P>
<P>
Novell Netware 6
<P>
Novell Netware 6
<A
href=
"http://
forge.novell.com/"
>
http://forge.novell.com
</A>
,
<A
href=
"http://
developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Postgresql"
>
http://developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Postgresql
</A>
,
OS/2 (eComStation)
OS/2 (eComStation)
<A
href=
"http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgreSQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F"
>
<A
href=
"http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgreSQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F"
>
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1
&
button=Search
&
key=postgreSQL
&
stype=all
&
sort=type
&
dir=%2F
</A>
.
</P>
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1
&
button=Search
&
key=postgreSQL
&
stype=all
&
sort=type
&
dir=%2F
</A>
.
</P>
...
@@ -224,7 +234,7 @@
...
@@ -224,7 +234,7 @@
<H3><A
name=
"item1.6"
>
1.6
</A>
) ?
</H3>
<H3><A
name=
"item1.6"
>
1.6
</A>
) ?
</H3>
<P>
PostgreSQL - 8.
2.5
</P>
<P>
PostgreSQL - 8.
3.3
</P>
<P>
,
<P>
,
.
</P>
.
</P>
...
@@ -348,7 +358,7 @@
...
@@ -348,7 +358,7 @@
(Korry Douglas).
(Korry Douglas).
<a
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/
</a>
.
<a
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/
</a>
.
,
<a
href=
"http://w
ww.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs
</a>
,
<a
href=
"http://w
iki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Generated_Articles%2C_Guides%2C_and_Documentation"
>
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Generated_Articles%2C_Guides%2C_and_Documentation
</a>
, PostgreSQL.
</P>
, PostgreSQL.
</P>
<P>
<I>
psql
</I>
\d
<P>
<I>
psql
</I>
\d
...
@@ -386,7 +396,7 @@
...
@@ -386,7 +396,7 @@
<H3><A
name=
"item1.13"
>
1.13
</A>
) PostgreSQL
<H3><A
name=
"item1.13"
>
1.13
</A>
) PostgreSQL
<SMALL></SMALL>
?
</H3>
<SMALL></SMALL>
?
PostgreSQL ?
</H3>
<P>
<P>
:
:
...
@@ -450,6 +460,14 @@
...
@@ -450,6 +460,14 @@
<BR>
<BR>
</DD>
</DD>
</DL>
</DL>
<P>
PostgreSQL /,
,
.
. ,
, Postgres
- .
</P>
<H3><A
name=
"item1.14"
>
1.14
</A>
) PostgreSQL
<H3><A
name=
"item1.14"
>
1.14
</A>
) PostgreSQL
, , ?
</H3>
, , ?
</H3>
...
@@ -461,7 +479,26 @@
...
@@ -461,7 +479,26 @@
.
</p>
.
</p>
<HR>
<HR>
<H3
align=
"center"
>
</H3>
<H3
id=
"item1.15"
>
1.15) PostgreSQL?
?
</H3>
<P>
<a
href=
"http://mail.postgresql.org/mj/mj_wwwusr/domain=postgresql.org?user=&passw=&func=login"
>
Majordomo
</a>
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL. ( Majordomo,
E-mail, .)
</P>
<P>
PostgreSQL ,
<I></I>
. ,
E-mail .
E-mail , ,
<I>
eliminatecc
</I>
<I>
Change Settings
</I>
Majordomo. ,
<I>
selfcopy
</I>
.
</P>
<HR>
<H2
align=
"center"
>
</H2>
<H3><A
name=
"item2.1"
>
2.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
</H3>
<H3><A
name=
"item2.1"
>
2.1
</A>
) PostgreSQL?
</H3>
...
@@ -474,9 +511,7 @@
...
@@ -474,9 +511,7 @@
<P>
,
<small>
PHP
</small>
<P>
,
<small>
PHP
</small>
PostgreSQL.
PostgreSQL.
Perl,
<small>
TCL
</small>
, Python ,
Perl,
<small>
TCL
</small>
, Python ,
<A
href=
"http://gborg.postgresql.org"
>
http://gborg.postgresql.org
</A>
<a
href=
"http://pgfoundry.org"
>
http://pgfoundry.org
</A>
.
</P>
<i>
Drivers/Interfaces
</I>
, .
</P>
<H3><A
name=
"item2.2"
>
2.2
</A>
)
<H3><A
name=
"item2.2"
>
2.2
</A>
)
PostgreSQL Web?
</H3>
PostgreSQL Web?
</H3>
...
@@ -495,8 +530,8 @@
...
@@ -495,8 +530,8 @@
<P>
PostgreSQL
<P>
PostgreSQL
, .
, .
<
a
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.54
"
>
<
A
href=
"http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Community_Guide_to_PostgreSQL_GUI_Tools
"
>
PostgreSQL
</A></P>
GUI
PostgreSQL
</A></P>
<HR>
<HR>
...
@@ -515,7 +550,7 @@
...
@@ -515,7 +550,7 @@
<I>
listen_addresses
</I>
<I>
postgresql.conf
</I>
,
<I>
listen_addresses
</I>
<I>
postgresql.conf
</I>
,
host-
<I>
$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf
</I>
host-
<I>
$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf
</I>
.
</P>
.
</P>
<H3><A
name=
"item3.3"
>
3.3
</A>
)
<H3><A
name=
"item3.3"
>
3.3
</A>
)
?
</H3>
?
</H3>
...
@@ -574,9 +609,10 @@
...
@@ -574,9 +609,10 @@
?
</H3>
?
</H3>
<P>
,
<P>
,
<code>
log_*
</code>
,
<code>
log_*
</code>
<a
,
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/runtime-config-logging.html"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/runtime-config-logging.html
</a>
,
.
</P>
,
.
</P>
<H3><A
name=
"item3.5"
>
3.5
</A>
)
<I>
"Sorry, too
<H3><A
name=
"item3.5"
>
3.5
</A>
)
<I>
"Sorry, too
...
@@ -1101,9 +1137,8 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
...
@@ -1101,9 +1137,8 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
<H3><A
name=
"item4.18"
>
4.18
</A>
) ?
</H3>
<H3><A
name=
"item4.18"
>
4.18
</A>
) ?
</H3>
<P>
, ,
<P>
, ,
<A
href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.17"
>
<a
href=
"http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Return_more_than_one_row_of_data_from_PL/pgSQL_functions"
>
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.17
</A>
.
</P>
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Return_more_than_one_row_of_data_from_PL/pgSQL_functions
</a>
.
</P>
<H3><A
name=
"item4.19"
>
4.19
</A>
) "relation with OID ####
<H3><A
name=
"item4.19"
>
4.19
</A>
) "relation with OID ####
", PL/PgSQL?
</H3>
", PL/PgSQL?
</H3>
...
...
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