Error message editing in backend/libpq, backend/postmaster, backend/tcop.

Along the way, fix some logic problems in pgstat_initstats, notably the
bogus assumption that malloc returns zeroed memory.

doc/src/sgml/sources.sgml

 <!--
-$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/sources.sgml,v 2.9 2003/07/18 23:20:32 tgl Exp $
+$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/sources.sgml,v 2.10 2003/07/22 19:00:07 tgl Exp $
 -->
 
  <chapter id="source">
@@ -234,6 +234,13 @@ less -x4
      primary error message text.
     </para>
    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <function>errcode_for_socket_access</>() is a convenience function that
+     selects an appropriate SQLSTATE error identifier for a failure in a
+     socket-related system call.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>
    </para>
 

src/backend/commands/alter.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/commands/alter.c,v 1.2 2003/07/20 21:56:32 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/commands/alter.c,v 1.3 2003/07/22 19:00:07 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -29,41 +29,12 @@
 #include "commands/user.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "parser/parse_clause.h"
+#include "tcop/utility.h"
 #include "utils/acl.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 
 
-static void
-CheckOwnership(RangeVar *rel, bool noCatalogs)
-{
-	Oid			relOid;
-	HeapTuple	tuple;
-
-	relOid = RangeVarGetRelid(rel, false);
-	tuple = SearchSysCache(RELOID,
-						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relOid),
-						   0, 0, 0);
-	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple)) /* should not happen */
-		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", relOid);
-
-	if (!pg_class_ownercheck(relOid, GetUserId()))
-		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, rel->relname);
-
-	if (noCatalogs)
-	{
-		if (!allowSystemTableMods &&
-			IsSystemClass((Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tuple)))
-			ereport(ERROR,
-					(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
-					 errmsg("relation \"%s\" is a system catalog",
-							rel->relname)));
-	}
-
-	ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
-}
-
-
 void
 ExecRenameStmt(RenameStmt *stmt)
 {
@@ -111,7 +82,7 @@ ExecRenameStmt(RenameStmt *stmt)
 		{
 			Oid			relid;
 
-			CheckOwnership(stmt->relation, true);
+			CheckRelationOwnership(stmt->relation, true);
 
 			relid = RangeVarGetRelid(stmt->relation, false);
 

src/backend/commands/copy.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/commands/copy.c,v 1.203 2003/07/21 17:04:58 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/commands/copy.c,v 1.204 2003/07/22 19:00:07 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -1923,7 +1923,7 @@ CopyReadBinaryAttribute(int column_no, FmgrInfo *flinfo, Oid typelem,
 	/* Trouble if it didn't eat the whole buffer */
 	if (attribute_buf.cursor != attribute_buf.len)
 		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_BAD_COPY_FILE_FORMAT),
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
 				 errmsg("incorrect binary data format in field %d",
 						column_no)));
 

src/backend/libpq/auth.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/auth.c,v 1.103 2003/06/25 01:19:47 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/auth.c,v 1.104 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -109,20 +109,22 @@ pg_krb4_recvauth(Port *port)
 						  version);
 	if (status != KSUCCESS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb4_recvauth: kerberos error: %s",
-			 krb_err_txt[status]);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos error: %s", krb_err_txt[status])));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 	if (strncmp(version, PG_KRB4_VERSION, KRB_SENDAUTH_VLEN) != 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb4_recvauth: protocol version \"%s\" != \"%s\"",
-			 version, PG_KRB4_VERSION);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos protocol version \"%s\" != \"%s\"",
+						version, PG_KRB4_VERSION)));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 	if (strncmp(port->user_name, auth_data.pname, SM_DATABASE_USER) != 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb4_recvauth: name \"%s\" != \"%s\"",
-			 port->user_name, auth_data.pname);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos user name \"%s\" != \"%s\"",
+						port->user_name, auth_data.pname)));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 	return STATUS_OK;
@@ -133,7 +135,9 @@ pg_krb4_recvauth(Port *port)
 static int
 pg_krb4_recvauth(Port *port)
 {
-	elog(LOG, "pg_krb4_recvauth: Kerberos not implemented on this server");
+	ereport(LOG,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+			 errmsg("kerberos v4 not implemented on this server")));
 	return STATUS_ERROR;
 }
 #endif   /* KRB4 */
@@ -193,8 +197,9 @@ pg_krb5_init(void)
 	retval = krb5_init_context(&pg_krb5_context);
 	if (retval)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb5_init: krb5_init_context returned Kerberos error %d",
-			 retval);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos init returned error %d",
+						retval)));
 		com_err("postgres", retval, "while initializing krb5");
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -202,9 +207,10 @@ pg_krb5_init(void)
 	retval = krb5_kt_resolve(pg_krb5_context, pg_krb_server_keyfile, &pg_krb5_keytab);
 	if (retval)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb5_init: krb5_kt_resolve returned Kerberos error %d",
-			 retval);
-		com_err("postgres", retval, "while resolving keytab file %s",
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos keytab resolve returned error %d",
+						retval)));
+		com_err("postgres", retval, "while resolving keytab file \"%s\"",
 				pg_krb_server_keyfile);
 		krb5_free_context(pg_krb5_context);
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
@@ -214,10 +220,11 @@ pg_krb5_init(void)
 									 KRB5_NT_SRV_HST, &pg_krb5_server);
 	if (retval)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb5_init: krb5_sname_to_principal returned Kerberos error %d",
-			 retval);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos sname_to_principal(\"%s\") returned error %d",
+						PG_KRB_SRVNAM, retval)));
 		com_err("postgres", retval,
-				"while getting server principal for service %s",
+				"while getting server principal for service \"%s\"",
 				PG_KRB_SRVNAM);
 		krb5_kt_close(pg_krb5_context, pg_krb5_keytab);
 		krb5_free_context(pg_krb5_context);
@@ -258,8 +265,9 @@ pg_krb5_recvauth(Port *port)
 						   pg_krb5_server, 0, pg_krb5_keytab, &ticket);
 	if (retval)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb5_recvauth: krb5_recvauth returned Kerberos error %d",
-			 retval);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos recvauth returned error %d",
+						retval)));
 		com_err("postgres", retval, "from krb5_recvauth");
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -282,8 +290,9 @@ pg_krb5_recvauth(Port *port)
 #endif
 	if (retval)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb5_recvauth: krb5_unparse_name returned Kerberos error %d",
-			 retval);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos unparse_name returned error %d",
+						retval)));
 		com_err("postgres", retval, "while unparsing client name");
 		krb5_free_ticket(pg_krb5_context, ticket);
 		krb5_auth_con_free(pg_krb5_context, auth_context);
@@ -293,8 +302,9 @@ pg_krb5_recvauth(Port *port)
 	kusername = pg_an_to_ln(kusername);
 	if (strncmp(port->user_name, kusername, SM_DATABASE_USER))
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pg_krb5_recvauth: user name \"%s\" != krb5 name \"%s\"",
-			 port->user_name, kusername);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("kerberos user name \"%s\" != \"%s\"",
+						port->user_name, kusername)));
 		ret = STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 	else
@@ -312,7 +322,9 @@ pg_krb5_recvauth(Port *port)
 static int
 pg_krb5_recvauth(Port *port)
 {
-	elog(LOG, "pg_krb5_recvauth: Kerberos not implemented on this server");
+	ereport(LOG,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+			 errmsg("kerberos v5 not implemented on this server")));
 	return STATUS_ERROR;
 }
 #endif   /* KRB5 */
@@ -377,8 +389,10 @@ auth_failed(Port *port, int status)
 #endif   /* USE_PAM */
 	}
 
-	elog(FATAL, "%s authentication failed for user \"%s\"",
-		 authmethod, port->user_name);
+	ereport(FATAL,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION),
+			 errmsg("%s authentication failed for user \"%s\"",
+					authmethod, port->user_name)));
 	/* doesn't return */
 }
 
@@ -399,7 +413,10 @@ ClientAuthentication(Port *port)
 	 * an error message into the postmaster logfile if it failed.
 	 */
 	if (hba_getauthmethod(port) != STATUS_OK)
-		elog(FATAL, "Missing or erroneous pg_hba.conf file, see postmaster log for details");
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("missing or erroneous pg_hba.conf file"),
+				 errhint("See postmaster log for details.")));
 
 	switch (port->auth_method)
 	{
@@ -417,15 +434,16 @@ ClientAuthentication(Port *port)
 			{
 				char	hostinfo[NI_MAXHOST];
 
-				getnameinfo(
-					(struct sockaddr *)&port->raddr.addr,
+				getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) &port->raddr.addr,
 							port->raddr.salen,
 							hostinfo, sizeof(hostinfo),
-					NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
+							NULL, 0,
+							NI_NUMERICHOST);
 
-				elog(FATAL,
-					"No pg_hba.conf entry for host %s, user %s, database %s",
-					hostinfo, port->user_name, port->database_name);
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION),
+						 errmsg("no pg_hba.conf entry for host \"%s\", user \"%s\", database \"%s\"",
+								hostinfo, port->user_name, port->database_name)));
 				break;
 			}
 
@@ -433,10 +451,9 @@ ClientAuthentication(Port *port)
 			/* Kerberos 4 only seems to work with AF_INET. */
 			if (port->raddr.addr.ss_family != AF_INET
 				|| port->laddr.addr.ss_family != AF_INET)
-			{
-				elog(FATAL,
-					"Unsupported protocol for Kerberos 4");
-			}
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+						 errmsg("kerberos 4 only supports IPv4 connections")));
 			sendAuthRequest(port, AUTH_REQ_KRB4);
 			status = pg_krb4_recvauth(port);
 			break;
@@ -466,7 +483,9 @@ ClientAuthentication(Port *port)
 				int			on = 1;
 
 				if (setsockopt(port->sock, 0, LOCAL_CREDS, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
-					elog(FATAL, "pg_local_sendauth: can't do setsockopt: %m");
+					ereport(FATAL,
+							(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+							 errmsg("failed to enable credential receipt: %m")));
 			}
 #endif
 			if (port->raddr.addr.ss_family == AF_UNIX)
@@ -552,12 +571,14 @@ pam_passwd_conv_proc(int num_msg, const struct pam_message ** msg,
 		switch (msg[0]->msg_style)
 		{
 			case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
-				elog(LOG, "pam_passwd_conv_proc: Error from underlying PAM layer: '%s'",
-					 msg[0]->msg);
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("error from underlying PAM layer: %s",
+								msg[0]->msg)));
 				return PAM_CONV_ERR;
 			default:
-				elog(LOG, "pam_passwd_conv_proc: Unexpected PAM conversation %d/'%s'",
-					 msg[0]->msg_style, msg[0]->msg);
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("unsupported PAM conversation %d/%s",
+								msg[0]->msg_style, msg[0]->msg)));
 				return PAM_CONV_ERR;
 		}
 	}
@@ -587,7 +608,8 @@ pam_passwd_conv_proc(int num_msg, const struct pam_message ** msg,
 
 		if (strlen(passwd) == 0)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "pam_passwd_conv_proc: no password");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("empty password returned by client")));
 			return PAM_CONV_ERR;
 		}
 		appdata_ptr = passwd;
@@ -600,7 +622,9 @@ pam_passwd_conv_proc(int num_msg, const struct pam_message ** msg,
 	*resp = calloc(num_msg, sizeof(struct pam_response));
 	if (!*resp)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "pam_passwd_conv_proc: Out of memory!");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		return PAM_CONV_ERR;
 	}
 
@@ -644,8 +668,9 @@ CheckPAMAuth(Port *port, char *user, char *password)
 
 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "CheckPAMAuth: Failed to create PAM authenticator: '%s'",
-			 pam_strerror(pamh, retval));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("Failed to create PAM authenticator: %s",
+						pam_strerror(pamh, retval))));
 		pam_passwd = NULL;		/* Unset pam_passwd */
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -654,8 +679,9 @@ CheckPAMAuth(Port *port, char *user, char *password)
 
 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "CheckPAMAuth: pam_set_item(PAM_USER) failed: '%s'",
-			 pam_strerror(pamh, retval));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("pam_set_item(PAM_USER) failed: %s",
+						pam_strerror(pamh, retval))));
 		pam_passwd = NULL;		/* Unset pam_passwd */
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -664,8 +690,9 @@ CheckPAMAuth(Port *port, char *user, char *password)
 
 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "CheckPAMAuth: pam_set_item(PAM_CONV) failed: '%s'",
-			 pam_strerror(pamh, retval));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("pam_set_item(PAM_CONV) failed: %s",
+						pam_strerror(pamh, retval))));
 		pam_passwd = NULL;		/* Unset pam_passwd */
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -674,8 +701,9 @@ CheckPAMAuth(Port *port, char *user, char *password)
 
 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "CheckPAMAuth: pam_authenticate failed: '%s'",
-			 pam_strerror(pamh, retval));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("pam_authenticate failed: %s",
+						pam_strerror(pamh, retval))));
 		pam_passwd = NULL;		/* Unset pam_passwd */
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -684,8 +712,9 @@ CheckPAMAuth(Port *port, char *user, char *password)
 
 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "CheckPAMAuth: pam_acct_mgmt failed: '%s'",
-			 pam_strerror(pamh, retval));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("pam_acct_mgmt failed: %s",
+						pam_strerror(pamh, retval))));
 		pam_passwd = NULL;		/* Unset pam_passwd */
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -694,8 +723,9 @@ CheckPAMAuth(Port *port, char *user, char *password)
 
 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "CheckPAMAuth: Failed to release PAM authenticator: '%s'",
-			 pam_strerror(pamh, retval));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("failed to release PAM authenticator: %s",
+						pam_strerror(pamh, retval))));
 	}
 
 	pam_passwd = NULL;			/* Unset pam_passwd */
@@ -730,7 +760,10 @@ recv_password_packet(Port *port)
 			 * the log.
 			 */
 			if (mtype != EOF)
-				elog(COMMERROR, "Expected password response, got %c", mtype);
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("expected password response, got msg type %d",
+								mtype)));
 			return NULL;		/* EOF or bad message type */
 		}
 	}
@@ -755,10 +788,13 @@ recv_password_packet(Port *port)
 	 * StringInfo is guaranteed to have an appended '\0'.
 	 */
 	if (strlen(buf.data) + 1 != buf.len)
-		elog(COMMERROR, "bogus password packet size");
+		ereport(COMMERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid password packet size")));
 
 	/* Do not echo password to logs, for security. */
-	elog(DEBUG5, "received password packet");
+	ereport(DEBUG5,
+			(errmsg("received password packet")));
 
 	/*
 	 * Return the received string.  Note we do not attempt to do any

src/backend/libpq/be-fsstubs.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/be-fsstubs.c,v 1.64 2003/05/27 17:49:46 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/be-fsstubs.c,v 1.65 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTES
  *	  This should be moved to a more appropriate place.  It is here
@@ -119,7 +119,9 @@ lo_close(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_close: invalid large obj descriptor (%d)", fd);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d", fd)));
 		PG_RETURN_INT32(-1);
 	}
 #if FSDB
@@ -155,7 +157,9 @@ lo_read(int fd, char *buf, int len)
 
 	if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_read: invalid large obj descriptor (%d)", fd);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d", fd)));
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -177,7 +181,9 @@ lo_write(int fd, char *buf, int len)
 
 	if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_write: invalid large obj descriptor (%d)", fd);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d", fd)));
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -203,7 +209,9 @@ lo_lseek(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_lseek: invalid large obj descriptor (%d)", fd);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d", fd)));
 		PG_RETURN_INT32(-1);
 	}
 
@@ -258,7 +266,9 @@ lo_tell(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_tell: invalid large object descriptor (%d)", fd);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d", fd)));
 		PG_RETURN_INT32(-1);
 	}
 
@@ -360,9 +370,10 @@ lo_import(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 #ifndef ALLOW_DANGEROUS_LO_FUNCTIONS
 	if (!superuser())
-		elog(ERROR, "You must have Postgres superuser privilege to use "
-			 "server-side lo_import().\n\tAnyone can use the "
-			 "client-side lo_import() provided by libpq.");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+				 errmsg("must be superuser to use server-side lo_import()"),
+				 errhint("Anyone can use the client-side lo_import() provided by libpq.")));
 #endif
 
 	/*
@@ -375,16 +386,15 @@ lo_import(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	fnamebuf[nbytes] = '\0';
 	fd = PathNameOpenFile(fnamebuf, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY, 0666);
 	if (fd < 0)
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_import: can't open unix file \"%s\": %m",
-			 fnamebuf);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not open server file \"%s\": %m",
+						fnamebuf)));
 
 	/*
-	 * create an inversion "object"
+	 * create an inversion object
 	 */
 	lobj = inv_create(INV_READ | INV_WRITE);
-	if (lobj == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_import: can't create inv object for \"%s\"",
-			 fnamebuf);
 	lobjOid = lobj->id;
 
 	/*
@@ -393,11 +403,15 @@ lo_import(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	while ((nbytes = FileRead(fd, buf, BUFSIZE)) > 0)
 	{
 		tmp = inv_write(lobj, buf, nbytes);
-		if (tmp != nbytes)
-			elog(ERROR, "lo_import: error while reading \"%s\"",
-				 fnamebuf);
+		Assert(tmp == nbytes);
 	}
 
+	if (nbytes < 0)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not read server file \"%s\": %m",
+						fnamebuf)));
+
 	FileClose(fd);
 	inv_close(lobj);
 
@@ -423,17 +437,16 @@ lo_export(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 #ifndef ALLOW_DANGEROUS_LO_FUNCTIONS
 	if (!superuser())
-		elog(ERROR, "You must have Postgres superuser privilege to use "
-			 "server-side lo_export().\n\tAnyone can use the "
-			 "client-side lo_export() provided by libpq.");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+				 errmsg("must be superuser to use server-side lo_export()"),
+				 errhint("Anyone can use the client-side lo_export() provided by libpq.")));
 #endif
 
 	/*
-	 * open the inversion "object"
+	 * open the inversion object (no need to test for failure)
 	 */
 	lobj = inv_open(lobjId, INV_READ);
-	if (lobj == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_export: can't open inv object %u", lobjId);
 
 	/*
 	 * open the file to be written to
@@ -451,8 +464,10 @@ lo_export(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	fd = PathNameOpenFile(fnamebuf, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | PG_BINARY, 0666);
 	umask(oumask);
 	if (fd < 0)
-		elog(ERROR, "lo_export: can't open unix file \"%s\": %m",
-			 fnamebuf);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not create server file \"%s\": %m",
+						fnamebuf)));
 
 	/*
 	 * read in from the inversion file and write to the Unix file
@@ -461,12 +476,14 @@ lo_export(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	{
 		tmp = FileWrite(fd, buf, nbytes);
 		if (tmp != nbytes)
-			elog(ERROR, "lo_export: error while writing \"%s\"",
-				 fnamebuf);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not write server file \"%s\": %m",
+							fnamebuf)));
 	}
 
-	inv_close(lobj);
 	FileClose(fd);
+	inv_close(lobj);
 
 	PG_RETURN_INT32(1);
 }

src/backend/libpq/be-secure.c

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/be-secure.c,v 1.35 2003/07/01 13:49:47 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/be-secure.c,v 1.36 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *	  Since the server static private key ($DataDir/server.key)
  *	  will normally be stored unencrypted so that the database
@@ -277,12 +277,18 @@ secure_read(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len)
 				goto rloop;
 			case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
 				if (n == -1)
-					elog(COMMERROR, "SSL SYSCALL error: %m");
+					ereport(COMMERROR,
+							(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+							 errmsg("SSL SYSCALL error: %m")));
 				else
-					elog(COMMERROR, "SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected");
+					ereport(COMMERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+							 errmsg("SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected")));
 				break;
 			case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
-				elog(COMMERROR, "SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage());
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage())));
 				/* fall through */
 			case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
 				secure_close(port);
@@ -290,7 +296,9 @@ secure_read(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len)
 				n = -1;
 				break;
 			default:
-				elog(COMMERROR, "Unknown SSL error code");
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("unrecognized SSL error code")));
 				break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -317,15 +325,23 @@ secure_write(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len)
 			SSL_set_session_id_context(port->ssl, (void *) &SSL_context,
 									   sizeof(SSL_context));
 			if (SSL_renegotiate(port->ssl) <= 0)
-				elog(COMMERROR, "SSL renegotiation failure");
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("SSL renegotiation failure")));
 			if (SSL_do_handshake(port->ssl) <= 0)
-				elog(COMMERROR, "SSL renegotiation failure");
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("SSL renegotiation failure")));
 			if (port->ssl->state != SSL_ST_OK)
-				elog(COMMERROR, "SSL failed to send renegotiation request");
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("SSL failed to send renegotiation request")));
 			port->ssl->state |= SSL_ST_ACCEPT;
 			SSL_do_handshake(port->ssl);
 			if (port->ssl->state != SSL_ST_OK)
-				elog(COMMERROR, "SSL renegotiation failure");
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("SSL renegotiation failure")));
 			port->count = 0;
 		}
 
@@ -341,12 +357,18 @@ secure_write(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len)
 				goto wloop;
 			case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
 				if (n == -1)
-					elog(COMMERROR, "SSL SYSCALL error: %m");
+					ereport(COMMERROR,
+							(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+							 errmsg("SSL SYSCALL error: %m")));
 				else
-					elog(COMMERROR, "SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected");
+					ereport(COMMERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+							 errmsg("SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected")));
 				break;
 			case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
-				elog(COMMERROR, "SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage());
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage())));
 				/* fall through */
 			case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
 				secure_close(port);
@@ -354,7 +376,9 @@ secure_write(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len)
 				n = -1;
 				break;
 			default:
-				elog(COMMERROR, "Unknown SSL error code");
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("unrecognized SSL error code")));
 				break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -690,7 +714,10 @@ open_server_SSL(Port *port)
 		!SSL_set_fd(port->ssl, port->sock) ||
 		SSL_accept(port->ssl) <= 0)
 	{
-		elog(COMMERROR, "failed to initialize SSL connection: %s", SSLerrmessage());
+		ereport(COMMERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("failed to initialize SSL connection: %s",
+						SSLerrmessage())));
 		close_SSL(port);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -712,7 +739,7 @@ open_server_SSL(Port *port)
 				   NID_commonName, port->peer_cn, sizeof(port->peer_cn));
 		port->peer_cn[sizeof(port->peer_cn) - 1] = '\0';
 	}
-	elog(DEBUG2, "secure connection from '%s'", port->peer_cn);
+	elog(DEBUG2, "secure connection from \"%s\"", port->peer_cn);
 
 	/* set up debugging/info callback */
 	SSL_CTX_set_info_callback(SSL_context, info_cb);

src/backend/libpq/crypt.c

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
- * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/crypt.c,v 1.53 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
+ * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/crypt.c,v 1.54 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ md5_crypt_verify(const Port *port, const char *user, char *client_pass)
 	/* We can't do crypt with pg_shadow MD5 passwords */
 	if (isMD5(shadow_pass) && port->auth_method == uaCrypt)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "Password is stored MD5 encrypted.  "
-			 "'crypt' auth method cannot be used.");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("cannot use CRYPT auth method because password is MD5-encrypted")));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 

src/backend/libpq/hba.c

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/hba.c,v 1.104 2003/06/15 16:21:39 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/hba.c,v 1.105 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -124,7 +124,10 @@ next_token(FILE *fp, char *buf, const int bufsz)
 
 			if (buf >= end_buf)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "Token too long in authentication file, skipping, %s", buf);
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+						 errmsg("authentication file token too long, skipping: \"%s\"",
+								buf)));
 				/* Discard remainder of line */
 				while ((c = getc(fp)) != EOF && c != '\n')
 					;
@@ -257,8 +260,10 @@ tokenize_inc_file(const char *inc_filename)
 	inc_file = AllocateFile(inc_fullname, "r");
 	if (!inc_file)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "tokenize_inc_file: Unable to open secondary authentication file \"@%s\" as \"%s\": %m",
-			 inc_filename, inc_fullname);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not open secondary authentication file \"@%s\" as \"%s\": %m",
+						inc_filename, inc_fullname)));
 		pfree(inc_fullname);
 
 		/* return empty string, it matches nothing */
@@ -631,9 +636,7 @@ parse_hba(List *line, hbaPort *port, bool *found_p, bool *error_p)
 		/* Check if it has a CIDR suffix and if so isolate it */
 		cidr_slash = strchr(token,'/');
 		if (cidr_slash)
-		{
 			*cidr_slash = '\0';
-		}
 
 		hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
 		hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
@@ -646,13 +649,14 @@ parse_hba(List *line, hbaPort *port, bool *found_p, bool *error_p)
 
 		/* Get the IP address either way */
 		ret = getaddrinfo2(token, NULL, &hints, &file_ip_addr);
-		if (ret)
+		if (ret || !file_ip_addr)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "getaddrinfo2() returned %d", ret);
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+					 errmsg("failed to interpret IP address \"%s\" in config file: %s",
+							token, gai_strerror(ret))));
 			if (cidr_slash)
-			{
 				*cidr_slash = '/';
-			}
 			goto hba_syntax;
 		}
 
@@ -669,10 +673,8 @@ parse_hba(List *line, hbaPort *port, bool *found_p, bool *error_p)
 			*cidr_slash = '/';
 			if (SockAddr_cidr_mask(&mask, cidr_slash + 1,
 				file_ip_addr->ai_family) < 0)
-			{
 				goto hba_syntax;
 		}
-		}
 		else
 		{
 			/* Read the mask field. */
@@ -682,17 +684,14 @@ parse_hba(List *line, hbaPort *port, bool *found_p, bool *error_p)
 			token = lfirst(line);
 
 			ret = getaddrinfo2(token, NULL, &hints, &file_ip_mask);
-			if (ret)
-			{
+			if (ret || !file_ip_mask)
 				goto hba_syntax;
-			}
+
 			mask = (struct sockaddr_storage *)file_ip_mask->ai_addr;
 
 			if(file_ip_addr->ai_family != mask->ss_family)
-			{
 				goto hba_syntax;
 		}
-		}
 
 		/* Read the rest of the line. */
 		line = lnext(line);
@@ -705,15 +704,12 @@ parse_hba(List *line, hbaPort *port, bool *found_p, bool *error_p)
 		/* Must meet network restrictions */
 		if (!rangeSockAddr(&port->raddr.addr,
 			(struct sockaddr_storage *)file_ip_addr->ai_addr, mask))
-		{
 			goto hba_freeaddr;
-		}
+
 		freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, file_ip_addr);
 		if (file_ip_mask)
-		{
 			freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, file_ip_mask);
 	}
-	}
 	else
 		goto hba_syntax;
 
@@ -727,22 +723,24 @@ parse_hba(List *line, hbaPort *port, bool *found_p, bool *error_p)
 	return;
 
 hba_syntax:
-	elog(LOG, "parse_hba: invalid syntax in pg_hba.conf file at line %d, token \"%s\"",
-		 line_number,
-		 line ? (const char *) lfirst(line) : "(end of line)");
+	if (line)
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("invalid entry in pg_hba.conf file at line %d, token \"%s\"",
+						line_number, (const char *) lfirst(line))));
+	else
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("missing entry in pg_hba.conf file at end of line %d",
+						line_number)));
 
 	*error_p = true;
 
 hba_freeaddr:
 	if (file_ip_addr)
-	{
 		freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, file_ip_addr);
-	}
 	if (file_ip_mask)
-	{
 		freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, file_ip_mask);
-	}
-	return;
 }
 
 
@@ -790,7 +788,9 @@ group_openfile(void)
 	groupfile = AllocateFile(filename, "r");
 
 	if (groupfile == NULL && errno != ENOENT)
-		elog(LOG, "could not open %s: %m", filename);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not open \"%s\": %m", filename)));
 
 	pfree(filename);
 
@@ -812,7 +812,9 @@ user_openfile(void)
 	pwdfile = AllocateFile(filename, "r");
 
 	if (pwdfile == NULL && errno != ENOENT)
-		elog(LOG, "could not open %s: %m", filename);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not open \"%s\": %m", filename)));
 
 	pfree(filename);
 
@@ -929,9 +931,10 @@ load_hba(void)
 
 	file = AllocateFile(conf_file, "r");
 	if (file == NULL)
-		elog(FATAL,
-			 "load_hba: Unable to open authentication config file \"%s\": %m",
-			 conf_file);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not open config file \"%s\": %m",
+						conf_file)));
 
 	hba_lines = tokenize_file(file);
 	FreeFile(file);
@@ -989,12 +992,18 @@ parse_ident_usermap(List *line, const char *usermap_name, const char *pg_user,
 	return;
 
 ident_syntax:
-	elog(LOG, "parse_ident_usermap: invalid syntax in pg_ident.conf file at line %d, token \"%s\"",
-		 line_number,
-		 line ? (const char *) lfirst(line) : "(end of line)");
+	if (line)
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("invalid entry in pg_ident.conf file at line %d, token \"%s\"",
+						line_number, (const char *) lfirst(line))));
+	else
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("missing entry in pg_ident.conf file at end of line %d",
+						line_number)));
 
 	*error_p = true;
-	return;
 }
 
 
@@ -1021,10 +1030,9 @@ check_ident_usermap(const char *usermap_name,
 
 	if (usermap_name == NULL || usermap_name[0] == '\0')
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "check_ident_usermap: hba configuration file does not "
-		   "have the usermap field filled in in the entry that pertains "
-		  "to this connection.  That field is essential for Ident-based "
-			 "authentication.");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("cannot use IDENT authentication without usermap field")));
 		found_entry = false;
 	}
 	else if (strcmp(usermap_name, "sameuser") == 0)
@@ -1070,9 +1078,10 @@ load_ident(void)
 	file = AllocateFile(map_file, "r");
 	if (file == NULL)
 	{
-		/* The open of the map file failed.  */
-		elog(LOG, "load_ident: Unable to open usermap file \"%s\": %m",
-			 map_file);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not open usermap file \"%s\": %m",
+						map_file)));
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -1192,18 +1201,22 @@ ident_inet(const SockAddr remote_addr,
 	char		local_addr_s[NI_MAXHOST];
 	char		local_port[NI_MAXSERV];
 	char		ident_port[NI_MAXSERV];
+	char		ident_query[80];
+	char		ident_response[80 + IDENT_USERNAME_MAX];
 	struct addrinfo	*ident_serv = NULL, *la = NULL, hints;
 
-	/* Might look a little weird to first convert it to text and
-	 * then back to sockaddr, but it's protocol indepedant. */
-	getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&remote_addr.addr,
-		remote_addr.salen, remote_addr_s, sizeof(remote_addr_s),
+	/*
+	 * Might look a little weird to first convert it to text and
+	 * then back to sockaddr, but it's protocol independent.
+	 */
+	getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&remote_addr.addr, remote_addr.salen,
+				remote_addr_s, sizeof(remote_addr_s),
 				remote_port, sizeof(remote_port),
-		NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV);
-	getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&local_addr.addr,
-		local_addr.salen, local_addr_s,	sizeof(local_addr_s),
+				NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
+	getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&local_addr.addr, local_addr.salen,
+				local_addr_s, sizeof(local_addr_s),
 				local_port, sizeof(local_port),
-		NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV);
+				NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
 
 	snprintf(ident_port, sizeof(ident_port), "%d", IDENT_PORT);
 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
@@ -1214,94 +1227,104 @@ ident_inet(const SockAddr remote_addr,
 	hints.ai_canonname = NULL;
 	hints.ai_addr = NULL;
 	hints.ai_next = NULL;
-	getaddrinfo2(remote_addr_s, ident_port, &hints, &ident_serv);
-	getaddrinfo2(local_addr_s, NULL, &hints, &la);
+	rc = getaddrinfo2(remote_addr_s, ident_port, &hints, &ident_serv);
+	if (rc || !ident_serv)
+		return false;			/* we don't expect this to happen */
+
+	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
+	hints.ai_family = local_addr.addr.ss_family;
+	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+	hints.ai_protocol = 0;
+	hints.ai_addrlen = 0;
+	hints.ai_canonname = NULL;
+	hints.ai_addr = NULL;
+	hints.ai_next = NULL;
+	rc = getaddrinfo2(local_addr_s, NULL, &hints, &la);
+	if (rc || !la)
+		return false;			/* we don't expect this to happen */
 	
 	sock_fd = socket(ident_serv->ai_family, ident_serv->ai_socktype,
 					 ident_serv->ai_protocol);
-
-	if (sock_fd == -1)
+	if (sock_fd < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "Failed to create socket on which to talk to Ident server: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not create socket for IDENT connection: %m")));
 		ident_return = false;
+		goto ident_inet_done;
 	}
-	else
-	{
 	/*
 	 * Bind to the address which the client originally contacted,
 	 * otherwise the ident server won't be able to match up the right
 	 * connection. This is necessary if the PostgreSQL server is
 	 * running on an IP alias.
 	 */
-
 	rc = bind(sock_fd, la->ai_addr, la->ai_addrlen);
-		if (rc == 0)
+	if (rc != 0)
 	{
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not bind to local address \"%s\": %m",
+						local_addr_s)));
+		ident_return = false;
+		goto ident_inet_done;
+	}
+
 	rc = connect(sock_fd, ident_serv->ai_addr, 
 				 ident_serv->ai_addrlen);
-		}
 	if (rc != 0)
 	{
-			int	save_errno = errno;
-
-			elog(LOG, "Unable to connect to Ident server on the host which is "
-				 "trying to connect to Postgres "
-				 "(Address %s, Port %s): %s", remote_addr_s,
-				 ident_port, strerror(save_errno));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not connect to IDENT server at address \"%s\", port %s): %m",
+						remote_addr_s, ident_port)));
 		ident_return = false;
+		goto ident_inet_done;
 	}
-		else
-		{
-			char		ident_query[80];
 
 	/* The query we send to the Ident server */
 	snprintf(ident_query, sizeof(ident_query), "%s,%s\r\n",
 			 remote_port, local_port);
+
 	/* loop in case send is interrupted */
 	do
 	{
 		rc = send(sock_fd, ident_query, strlen(ident_query), 0);
 	} while (rc < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
 	if (rc < 0)
 	{
-				int			save_errno = errno;
-
-				elog(LOG, "Unable to send query to Ident server on the host which is "
-					 "trying to connect to Postgres (Host %s, Port %s), "
-					 "even though we successfully connected to it: %s",
-					 remote_addr_s, ident_port, strerror(save_errno));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not send query to IDENT server at address \"%s\", port %s): %m",
+						remote_addr_s, ident_port)));
 		ident_return = false;
+		goto ident_inet_done;
 	}
-			else
+
+	do
 	{
-				char		ident_response[80 + IDENT_USERNAME_MAX];
+		rc = recv(sock_fd, ident_response, sizeof(ident_response) - 1, 0);
+	} while (rc < 0 && errno == EINTR);
 
-				rc = recv(sock_fd, ident_response,
-						  sizeof(ident_response) - 1, 0);
 	if (rc < 0)
 	{
-					int			save_errno = errno;
-
-					elog(LOG, "Unable to receive response from Ident server "
-						 "on the host which is "
-					 "trying to connect to Postgres (Host %s, Port %s), "
-						 "even though we successfully sent our query to it: %s",
-						 remote_addr_s, ident_port,
-						 strerror(save_errno));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not receive response from IDENT server at address \"%s\", port %s): %m",
+						remote_addr_s, ident_port)));
 		ident_return = false;
+		goto ident_inet_done;
 	}
-				else
-				{
+
 	ident_response[rc] = '\0';
-					ident_return = interpret_ident_response(ident_response,
-															ident_user);
-				}
-			}
+	ident_return = interpret_ident_response(ident_response, ident_user);
+
+ident_inet_done:
+	if (sock_fd >= 0)
 		closesocket(sock_fd);
-		}
-	}
-	freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, la);
-	freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, ident_serv);
+	freeaddrinfo2(remote_addr.addr.ss_family, ident_serv);
+	freeaddrinfo2(local_addr.addr.ss_family, la);
 	return ident_return;
 }
 
@@ -1325,7 +1348,9 @@ ident_unix(int sock, char *ident_user)
 	if (getpeereid(sock,&uid,&gid) != 0)
 	{
 		/* We didn't get a valid credentials struct. */
-		elog(LOG, "ident_unix: error receiving credentials: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not receive credentials: %m")));
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -1333,8 +1358,9 @@ ident_unix(int sock, char *ident_user)
 
 	if (pass == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "ident_unix: unknown local user with uid %d",
-			 (int) uid);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("local user with uid %d is not known to getpwuid",
+						(int) uid)));
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -1353,7 +1379,9 @@ ident_unix(int sock, char *ident_user)
 		so_len != sizeof(peercred))
 	{
 		/* We didn't get a valid credentials struct. */
-		elog(LOG, "ident_unix: error receiving credentials: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not receive credentials: %m")));
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -1361,7 +1389,8 @@ ident_unix(int sock, char *ident_user)
 
 	if (pass == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "ident_unix: unknown local user with uid %d",
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("local user with uid %d is not known to getpwuid",
 						(int) peercred.uid);
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -1418,16 +1447,20 @@ ident_unix(int sock, char *ident_user)
 		cmsg->cmsg_len < sizeof(cmsgmem) ||
 		cmsg->cmsg_type != SCM_CREDS)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "ident_unix: error receiving credentials: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not receive credentials: %m")));
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	cred = (Cred *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
 
 	pw = getpwuid(cred->cruid);
+
 	if (pw == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "ident_unix: unknown local user with uid %d",
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("local user with uid %d is not known to getpwuid",
 						(int) cred->cruid);
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -1437,7 +1470,9 @@ ident_unix(int sock, char *ident_user)
 	return true;
 
 #else
-	elog(LOG, "'ident' auth is not supported on local connections on this platform");
+	ereport(LOG,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+			 errmsg("IDENT auth is not supported on local connections on this platform")));
 
 	return false;
 #endif

src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * Unfortunately, COPY OUT was designed to commandeer the communication
  * channel (it just transfers data without wrapping it into messages).
  * No other messages can be sent while COPY OUT is in progress; and if the
- * copy is aborted by an elog(ERROR), we need to close out the copy so that
+ * copy is aborted by an ereport(ERROR), we need to close out the copy so that
  * the frontend gets back into sync.  Therefore, these routines have to be
  * aware of COPY OUT state.  (New COPY-OUT is message-based and does *not*
  * set the DoingCopyOut flag.)
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
  * to send.  Instead, use the routines in pqformat.c to construct the message
  * in a buffer and then emit it in one call to pq_putmessage.  This ensures
  * that the channel will not be clogged by an incomplete message if execution
- * is aborted by elog(ERROR) partway through the message.  The only non-libpq
- * code that should call pq_putbytes directly is old-style COPY OUT.
+ * is aborted by ereport(ERROR) partway through the message.  The only
+ * non-libpq code that should call pq_putbytes directly is old-style COPY OUT.
  *
  * At one time, libpq was shared between frontend and backend, but now
  * the backend's "backend/libpq" is quite separate from "interfaces/libpq".
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
- *	$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c,v 1.157 2003/06/12 07:36:51 momjian Exp $
+ *	$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c,v 1.158 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -237,8 +237,9 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 	ret = getaddrinfo2(hostName, service, &hint, &addrs);
 	if (ret || addrs == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "server socket failure: getaddrinfo2(): %s",
-			 gai_strerror(ret));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("failed to translate hostname to address: %s",
+						gai_strerror(ret))));
 		freeaddrinfo2(hint.ai_family, addrs);
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
@@ -269,8 +270,9 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 		if ((fd = socket(addr->ai_family, addr->ai_socktype,
 			addr->ai_protocol)) < 0)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "server socket failure: socket(): %s",
-				 strerror(errno));
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("failed to create socket: %m")));
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -281,9 +283,9 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 			if ((setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
 				(char *) &one, sizeof(one))) == -1)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "server socket failure: "
-					"setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR): %s",
-					strerror(errno));
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+						 errmsg("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed: %m")));
 				closesocket(fd);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -295,9 +297,9 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 			if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY,
 				(char *)&one, sizeof(one)) == -1)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "server socket failure: "
-					"setsockopt(IPV6_V6ONLY): %s",
-					strerror(errno));
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+						 errmsg("setsockopt(IPV6_V6ONLY) failed: %m")));
 				closesocket(fd);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -313,19 +315,16 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 		err = bind(fd, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen);
 		if (err < 0)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "server socket failure: bind(): %s\n"
-				"\tIs another postmaster already running on "
-				"port %d?", strerror(errno), (int) portNumber);
-			if (addr->ai_family == AF_UNIX)
-			{
-				elog(LOG, "\tIf not, remove socket node (%s) "
-					"and retry.", sock_path);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				elog(LOG, "\tIf not, wait a few seconds and "
-					"retry.");
-			}
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("failed to bind server socket: %m"),
+					 (addr->ai_family == AF_UNIX) ?
+					 errhint("Is another postmaster already running on port %d?"
+							 " If not, remove socket node \"%s\" and retry.",
+							 (int) portNumber, sock_path) :
+					 errhint("Is another postmaster already running on port %d?"
+							 " If not, wait a few seconds and retry.",
+							 (int) portNumber)));
 			closesocket(fd);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -354,8 +353,9 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 		err = listen(fd, maxconn);
 		if (err < 0)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "server socket failure: listen(): %s",
-				 strerror(errno));
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("failed to listen on server socket: %m")));
 			closesocket(fd);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ Setup_AF_UNIX(void)
 	if (Unix_socket_group[0] != '\0')
 	{
 #ifdef WIN32
-		elog(FATAL, "Config value 'unix_socket_group' not supported on this platform");
+		elog(WARNING, "configuration item unix_socket_group is not supported on this platform");
 #else
 		char	   *endptr;
 		unsigned long int val;
@@ -435,16 +435,19 @@ Setup_AF_UNIX(void)
 			gr = getgrnam(Unix_socket_group);
 			if (!gr)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "server socket failure: no such group '%s'",
-					 Unix_socket_group);
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("group \"%s\" does not exist",
+								Unix_socket_group)));
 				return STATUS_ERROR;
 			}
 			gid = gr->gr_gid;
 		}
 		if (chown(sock_path, -1, gid) == -1)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "server socket failure: could not set group of %s: %s",
-				 sock_path, strerror(errno));
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not set group of \"%s\": %m",
+							sock_path)));
 			return STATUS_ERROR;
 		}
 #endif
@@ -452,8 +455,10 @@ Setup_AF_UNIX(void)
 
 	if (chmod(sock_path, Unix_socket_permissions) == -1)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "server socket failure: could not set permissions on %s: %s",
-			 sock_path, strerror(errno));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not set permissions of \"%s\": %m",
+						sock_path)));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 	return STATUS_OK;
@@ -475,13 +480,15 @@ Setup_AF_UNIX(void)
 int
 StreamConnection(int server_fd, Port *port)
 {
-	/* accept connection (and fill in the client (remote) address) */
+	/* accept connection and fill in the client (remote) address */
 	port->raddr.salen = sizeof(port->raddr.addr);
 	if ((port->sock = accept(server_fd,
 			 (struct sockaddr *) &port->raddr.addr,
 			 &port->raddr.salen)) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "StreamConnection: accept() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not accept new connection: %m")));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
@@ -496,30 +503,33 @@ StreamConnection(int server_fd, Port *port)
 
 	/* fill in the server (local) address */
 	port->laddr.salen = sizeof(port->laddr.addr);
-	if (getsockname(port->sock, (struct sockaddr *) & port->laddr.addr,
+	if (getsockname(port->sock,
+					(struct sockaddr *) & port->laddr.addr,
 					&port->laddr.salen) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "StreamConnection: getsockname() failed: %m");
+		elog(LOG, "getsockname() failed: %m");
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
 	/* select NODELAY and KEEPALIVE options if it's a TCP connection */
 	if (!IS_AF_UNIX(port->laddr.addr.ss_family))
 	{
-		int			on = 1;
+		int			on;
 
 #ifdef	TCP_NODELAY
+		on = 1;
 		if (setsockopt(port->sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY,
 					   (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "StreamConnection: setsockopt(TCP_NODELAY) failed: %m");
+			elog(LOG, "setsockopt(TCP_NODELAY) failed: %m");
 			return STATUS_ERROR;
 		}
 #endif
+		on = 1;
 		if (setsockopt(port->sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE,
 					   (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "StreamConnection: setsockopt(SO_KEEPALIVE) failed: %m");
+			elog(LOG, "setsockopt(SO_KEEPALIVE) failed: %m");
 			return STATUS_ERROR;
 		}
 	}
@@ -622,11 +632,13 @@ pq_recvbuf(void)
 				continue;		/* Ok if interrupted */
 
 			/*
-			 * Careful: an elog() that tries to write to the client would
+			 * Careful: an ereport() that tries to write to the client would
 			 * cause recursion to here, leading to stack overflow and core
 			 * dump!  This message must go *only* to the postmaster log.
 			 */
-			elog(COMMERROR, "pq_recvbuf: recv() failed: %m");
+			ereport(COMMERROR,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not receive data from client: %m")));
 			return EOF;
 		}
 		if (r == 0)
@@ -787,7 +799,9 @@ pq_getmessage(StringInfo s, int maxlen)
 	/* Read message length word */
 	if (pq_getbytes((char *) &len, 4) == EOF)
 	{
-		elog(COMMERROR, "unexpected EOF within message length word");
+		ereport(COMMERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("unexpected EOF within message length word")));
 		return EOF;
 	}
 
@@ -797,7 +811,9 @@ pq_getmessage(StringInfo s, int maxlen)
 	if (len < 0 ||
 		(maxlen > 0 && len > maxlen))
 	{
-		elog(COMMERROR, "invalid message length");
+		ereport(COMMERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid message length")));
 		return EOF;
 	}
 
@@ -809,7 +825,9 @@ pq_getmessage(StringInfo s, int maxlen)
 		/* And grab the message */
 		if (pq_getbytes(s->data, len) == EOF)
 		{
-			elog(COMMERROR, "incomplete client message");
+			ereport(COMMERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("incomplete message from client")));
 			return EOF;
 		}
 		s->len = len;
@@ -874,7 +892,7 @@ pq_flush(void)
 				continue;		/* Ok if we were interrupted */
 
 			/*
-			 * Careful: an elog() that tries to write to the client would
+			 * Careful: an ereport() that tries to write to the client would
 			 * cause recursion to here, leading to stack overflow and core
 			 * dump!  This message must go *only* to the postmaster log.
 			 *
@@ -885,7 +903,9 @@ pq_flush(void)
 			if (errno != last_reported_send_errno)
 			{
 				last_reported_send_errno = errno;
-				elog(COMMERROR, "pq_flush: send() failed: %m");
+				ereport(COMMERROR,
+						(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+						 errmsg("could not send data to client: %m")));
 			}
 
 			/*

src/backend/libpq/pqformat.c

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
- *	$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/pqformat.c,v 1.31 2003/05/09 21:19:49 tgl Exp $
+ *	$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/libpq/pqformat.c,v 1.32 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, int i, int b)
 			appendBinaryStringInfo(buf, (char *) &n32, 4);
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "pq_sendint: unsupported size %d", b);
+			elog(ERROR, "unsupported integer size %d", b);
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -440,7 +440,9 @@ int
 pq_getmsgbyte(StringInfo msg)
 {
 	if (msg->cursor >= msg->len)
-		elog(ERROR, "pq_getmsgbyte: no data left in message");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("no data left in message")));
 	return (unsigned char) msg->data[msg->cursor++];
 }
 
@@ -473,7 +475,7 @@ pq_getmsgint(StringInfo msg, int b)
 			result = ntohl(n32);
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "pq_getmsgint: unsupported size %d", b);
+			elog(ERROR, "unsupported integer size %d", b);
 			result = 0;			/* keep compiler quiet */
 			break;
 	}
@@ -586,7 +588,9 @@ pq_getmsgbytes(StringInfo msg, int datalen)
 	const char *result;
 
 	if (datalen < 0 || datalen > (msg->len - msg->cursor))
-		elog(ERROR, "pq_getmsgbytes: insufficient data left in message");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("insufficient data left in message")));
 	result = &msg->data[msg->cursor];
 	msg->cursor += datalen;
 	return result;
@@ -602,7 +606,9 @@ void
 pq_copymsgbytes(StringInfo msg, char *buf, int datalen)
 {
 	if (datalen < 0 || datalen > (msg->len - msg->cursor))
-		elog(ERROR, "pq_copymsgbytes: insufficient data left in message");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("insufficient data left in message")));
 	memcpy(buf, &msg->data[msg->cursor], datalen);
 	msg->cursor += datalen;
 }
@@ -621,7 +627,9 @@ pq_getmsgtext(StringInfo msg, int rawbytes, int *nbytes)
 	char   *p;
 
 	if (rawbytes < 0 || rawbytes > (msg->len - msg->cursor))
-		elog(ERROR, "pq_getmsgtext: insufficient data left in message");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("insufficient data left in message")));
 	str = &msg->data[msg->cursor];
 	msg->cursor += rawbytes;
 
@@ -661,7 +669,9 @@ pq_getmsgstring(StringInfo msg)
 	 */
 	slen = strlen(str);
 	if (msg->cursor + slen >= msg->len)
-		elog(ERROR, "pq_getmsgstring: invalid string in message");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid string in message")));
 	msg->cursor += slen + 1;
 
 	return (const char *) pg_client_to_server((unsigned char *) str, slen);
@@ -675,5 +685,7 @@ void
 pq_getmsgend(StringInfo msg)
 {
 	if (msg->cursor != msg->len)
-		elog(ERROR, "pq_getmsgend: invalid message format");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid message format")));
 }

src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  *
  *	Copyright (c) 2001-2003, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  *
- *	$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c,v 1.37 2003/06/12 07:36:51 momjian Exp $
+ *	$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c,v 1.38 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  * ----------
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
@@ -81,13 +81,15 @@ static time_t last_pgstat_start_time;
 static long pgStatNumMessages = 0;
 
 static bool pgStatRunningInCollector = FALSE;
+
 static int	pgStatTabstatAlloc = 0;
 static int	pgStatTabstatUsed = 0;
 static PgStat_MsgTabstat **pgStatTabstatMessages = NULL;
+#define TABSTAT_QUANTUM		4	/* we alloc this many at a time */
+
 static int	pgStatXactCommit = 0;
 static int	pgStatXactRollback = 0;
 
-
 static TransactionId pgStatDBHashXact = InvalidTransactionId;
 static HTAB *pgStatDBHash = NULL;
 static HTAB *pgStatBeDead = NULL;
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ void
 pgstat_init(void)
 {
 	ACCEPT_TYPE_ARG3	alen;
-	struct	addrinfo	*addr, hints;
+	struct	addrinfo	*addr = NULL, hints;
 	int			ret;
 
 	/*
@@ -190,15 +192,18 @@ pgstat_init(void)
 	ret = getaddrinfo2("localhost", NULL, &hints, &addr);
 	if (ret || !addr)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: getaddrinfo2() failed: %s",
-			gai_strerror(ret));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("getaddrinfo2(\"localhost\") failed: %s",
+						gai_strerror(ret))));
 		goto startup_failed;
 	}
 	
 	if ((pgStatSock = socket(addr->ai_family,
 							 addr->ai_socktype, addr->ai_protocol)) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: socket() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not create socket for statistics: %m")));
 		goto startup_failed;
 	}
 
@@ -208,7 +213,9 @@ pgstat_init(void)
 	 */
 	if (bind(pgStatSock, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: bind() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not bind socket for statistics: %m")));
 		goto startup_failed;
 	}
 	freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, addr);
@@ -217,7 +224,9 @@ pgstat_init(void)
 	alen = sizeof(pgStatAddr);
 	if (getsockname(pgStatSock, (struct sockaddr *)&pgStatAddr, &alen) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: getsockname() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not get address of socket for statistics: %m")));
 		goto startup_failed;
 	}
 
@@ -229,7 +238,9 @@ pgstat_init(void)
 	 */
 	if (connect(pgStatSock, (struct sockaddr *) & pgStatAddr, alen) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: connect() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not connect socket for statistics: %m")));
 		goto startup_failed;
 	}
 
@@ -241,7 +252,9 @@ pgstat_init(void)
 	 */
 	if (FCNTL_NONBLOCK(pgStatSock) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: fcntl() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not set statistics socket to nonblock mode: %m")));
 		goto startup_failed;
 	}
 
@@ -250,7 +263,9 @@ pgstat_init(void)
 	 */
 	if (pipe(pgStatPmPipe) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: pipe() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not create pipe for statistics collector: %m")));
 		goto startup_failed;
 	}
 
@@ -258,9 +273,7 @@ pgstat_init(void)
 
 startup_failed:
 	if (addr)
-	{
 		freeaddrinfo2(hints.ai_family, addr);
-	}
 
 	if (pgStatSock >= 0)
 		closesocket(pgStatSock);
@@ -312,7 +325,8 @@ pgstat_start(void)
 	 */
 	if (pgStatSock < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: statistics collector startup skipped");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("statistics collector startup skipped")));
 		/*
 		 * We can only get here if someone tries to manually turn
 		 * pgstat_collect_startcollector on after it had been off.
@@ -340,7 +354,8 @@ pgstat_start(void)
 			/* Specific beos actions */
 			beos_backend_startup_failed();
 #endif
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: fork() failed: %m");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("could not fork statistics buffer: %m")));
 			return;
 
 		case 0:
@@ -744,7 +759,9 @@ pgstat_reset_counters(void)
 		return;
 
 	if (!superuser())
-		elog(ERROR, "Only database superusers can reset statistic counters");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+				 errmsg("must be superuser to reset statistics counters")));
 
 	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_RESETCOUNTER);
 	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
@@ -802,32 +819,41 @@ pgstat_initstats(PgStat_Info *stats, Relation rel)
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * On the first of all calls initialize the message buffers.
+	 * On the first of all calls create some message buffers.
 	 */
-	if (pgStatTabstatAlloc == 0)
-	{
-		pgStatTabstatAlloc = 4;
-		pgStatTabstatMessages = (PgStat_MsgTabstat **)
-			malloc(sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat *) * pgStatTabstatAlloc);
 	if (pgStatTabstatMessages == NULL)
 	{
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTATBE: malloc() failed");
+		PgStat_MsgTabstat *newMessages;
+		PgStat_MsgTabstat **msgArray;
+
+		newMessages = (PgStat_MsgTabstat *)
+			malloc(sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat) * TABSTAT_QUANTUM);
+		if (newMessages == NULL)
+		{
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 			return;
 		}
-		for (i = 0; i < pgStatTabstatAlloc; i++)
-		{
-			pgStatTabstatMessages[i] = (PgStat_MsgTabstat *)
-				malloc(sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat));
-			if (pgStatTabstatMessages[i] == NULL)
+		msgArray = (PgStat_MsgTabstat **)
+			malloc(sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat *) * TABSTAT_QUANTUM);
+		if (msgArray == NULL)
 		{
-				elog(LOG, "PGSTATBE: malloc() failed");
+			free(newMessages);
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 			return;
 		}
-		}
+		MemSet(newMessages, 0, sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat) * TABSTAT_QUANTUM);
+		for (i = 0; i < TABSTAT_QUANTUM; i++)
+			msgArray[i] = newMessages++;
+		pgStatTabstatMessages = msgArray;
+		pgStatTabstatAlloc = TABSTAT_QUANTUM;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Lookup the so far used table slots for this relation.
+	 * Search the already-used message slots for this relation.
 	 */
 	for (mb = 0; mb < pgStatTabstatUsed; mb++)
 	{
@@ -849,7 +875,6 @@ pgstat_initstats(PgStat_Info *stats, Relation rel)
 		 */
 		i = pgStatTabstatMessages[mb]->m_nentries++;
 		useent = &pgStatTabstatMessages[mb]->m_entry[i];
-		memset(useent, 0, sizeof(PgStat_TableEntry));
 		useent->t_id = rel_id;
 		stats->tabentry = (void *) useent;
 		return;
@@ -860,27 +885,35 @@ pgstat_initstats(PgStat_Info *stats, Relation rel)
 	 */
 	if (pgStatTabstatUsed >= pgStatTabstatAlloc)
 	{
-		pgStatTabstatAlloc += 4;
-		pgStatTabstatMessages = (PgStat_MsgTabstat **)
-			realloc(pgStatTabstatMessages,
-					sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat *) * pgStatTabstatAlloc);
-		if (pgStatTabstatMessages == NULL)
+		int		newAlloc = pgStatTabstatAlloc + TABSTAT_QUANTUM;
+		PgStat_MsgTabstat *newMessages;
+		PgStat_MsgTabstat **msgArray;
+
+		newMessages = (PgStat_MsgTabstat *)
+			malloc(sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat) * TABSTAT_QUANTUM);
+		if (newMessages == NULL)
 		{
-			pgStatTabstatAlloc -= 4;
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTATBE: malloc() failed");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 			return;
 		}
-		for (i = pgStatTabstatUsed; i < pgStatTabstatAlloc; i++)
-		{
-			pgStatTabstatMessages[i] = (PgStat_MsgTabstat *)
-				malloc(sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat));
-			if (pgStatTabstatMessages[i] == NULL)
+		msgArray = (PgStat_MsgTabstat **)
+			realloc(pgStatTabstatMessages,
+					sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat *) * newAlloc);
+		if (msgArray == NULL)
 		{
-				pgStatTabstatAlloc -= 4;
-				elog(LOG, "PGSTATBE: malloc() failed");
+			free(newMessages);
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 			return;
 		}
-		}
+		MemSet(newMessages, 0, sizeof(PgStat_MsgTabstat) * TABSTAT_QUANTUM);
+		for (i = 0; i < TABSTAT_QUANTUM; i++)
+			msgArray[pgStatTabstatAlloc + i] = newMessages++;
+		pgStatTabstatMessages = msgArray;
+		pgStatTabstatAlloc = newAlloc;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -889,10 +922,8 @@ pgstat_initstats(PgStat_Info *stats, Relation rel)
 	mb = pgStatTabstatUsed++;
 	pgStatTabstatMessages[mb]->m_nentries = 1;
 	useent = &pgStatTabstatMessages[mb]->m_entry[0];
-	memset(useent, 0, sizeof(PgStat_TableEntry));
 	useent->t_id = rel_id;
 	stats->tabentry = (void *) useent;
-	return;
 }
 
 
@@ -1205,14 +1236,17 @@ pgstat_main(void)
 	 */
 	if (pipe(pgStatPipe) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: pipe() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not create pipe for statistics buffer: %m")));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
 	switch (fork())
 	{
 		case -1:
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: fork() failed: %m");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("could not fork statistics collector: %m")));
 			exit(1);
 
 		case 0:
@@ -1266,7 +1300,10 @@ pgstat_main(void)
 							   &hash_ctl, HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);
 	if (pgStatBeDead == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: Creation of dead backend hash table failed");
+		/* assume the problem is out-of-memory */
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -1277,7 +1314,8 @@ pgstat_main(void)
 							   sizeof(PgStat_StatBeEntry) * MaxBackends);
 	if (pgStatBeTable == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: Allocation of backend table failed");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("allocation of backend table failed")));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	memset(pgStatBeTable, 0, sizeof(PgStat_StatBeEntry) * MaxBackends);
@@ -1341,7 +1379,9 @@ pgstat_main(void)
 		{
 			if (errno == EINTR)
 				continue;
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: select() failed: %m");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("select failed in statistics collector: %m")));
 			exit(1);
 		}
 
@@ -1381,7 +1421,9 @@ pgstat_main(void)
 				{
 					if (errno == EINTR)
 						continue;
-					elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: read() failed: %m");
+					ereport(LOG,
+							(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+							 errmsg("could not read from statistics pipe: %m")));
 					exit(1);
 				}
 				if (len == 0)	/* EOF on the pipe! */
@@ -1399,7 +1441,8 @@ pgstat_main(void)
 						 * sync with the buffer process somehow. Abort so
 						 * that we can restart both processes.
 						 */
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: bogus message length");
+						ereport(LOG,
+								(errmsg("invalid statistics message length")));
 						exit(1);
 					}
 				}
@@ -1549,7 +1592,9 @@ pgstat_recvbuffer(void)
 	 */
 	if (FCNTL_NONBLOCK(writePipe) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTATBUFF: fcntl() failed: %m");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not set statistics pipe to nonblock mode: %m")));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -1559,7 +1604,9 @@ pgstat_recvbuffer(void)
 	msgbuffer = (char *) malloc(PGSTAT_RECVBUFFERSZ);
 	if (msgbuffer == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTATBUFF: malloc() failed");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -1586,7 +1633,8 @@ pgstat_recvbuffer(void)
 		{
 			if (!overflow)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "PGSTATBUFF: Warning - receive buffer full");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("statistics buffer is full")));
 				overflow = true;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1617,7 +1665,9 @@ pgstat_recvbuffer(void)
 		{
 			if (errno == EINTR)
 				continue;
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTATBUFF: select() failed: %m");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("select failed in statistics buffer: %m")));
 			exit(1);
 		}
 
@@ -1633,7 +1683,9 @@ pgstat_recvbuffer(void)
 				(struct sockaddr *) &fromaddr, &fromlen);
 			if (len < 0)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "PGSTATBUFF: recvfrom() failed: %m");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+						 errmsg("failed to read statistics message: %m")));
 				exit(1);
 			}
 
@@ -1706,7 +1758,9 @@ pgstat_recvbuffer(void)
 			{
 				if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
 					continue;	/* not enough space in pipe */
-				elog(LOG, "PGSTATBUFF: write() failed: %m");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+						 errmsg("failed to write statistics pipe: %m")));
 				exit(1);
 			}
 			/* NB: len < xfr is okay */
@@ -1759,7 +1813,8 @@ pgstat_add_backend(PgStat_MsgHdr *msg)
 	 */
 	if (msg->m_backendid < 1 || msg->m_backendid > MaxBackends)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: Invalid backend ID %d", msg->m_backendid);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("invalid backend ID %d", msg->m_backendid)));
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -1817,7 +1872,9 @@ pgstat_add_backend(PgStat_MsgHdr *msg)
 												 HASH_ENTER, &found);
 	if (dbentry == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: DB hash table out of memory - abort");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -1846,8 +1903,10 @@ pgstat_add_backend(PgStat_MsgHdr *msg)
 									  HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);
 		if (dbentry->tables == NULL)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: failed to initialize hash table for "
-				 "new database entry");
+			/* assume the problem is out-of-memory */
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 			exit(1);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1895,10 +1954,13 @@ pgstat_sub_backend(int procpid)
 			 */
 			deadbe = (PgStat_StatBeDead *) hash_search(pgStatBeDead,
 													   (void *) &procpid,
-													 HASH_ENTER, &found);
+													   HASH_ENTER,
+													   &found);
 			if (deadbe == NULL)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: dead backend hash table out of memory");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+						 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 				exit(1);
 			}
 			if (!found)
@@ -1945,8 +2007,10 @@ pgstat_write_statsfile(void)
 	fpout = fopen(pgStat_tmpfname, PG_BINARY_W);
 	if (fpout == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: cannot open temp stats file %s: %m",
-			 pgStat_tmpfname);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("cannot write temp statistics file \"%s\": %m",
+						pgStat_tmpfname)));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1971,8 +2035,9 @@ pgstat_write_statsfile(void)
 								(void *) &(dbentry->databaseid),
 								HASH_REMOVE, NULL) == NULL)
 				{
-					elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: database hash table corrupted "
-						 "during cleanup - abort");
+					ereport(LOG,
+							(errmsg("database hash table corrupted "
+									"during cleanup --- abort")));
 					exit(1);
 				}
 			}
@@ -2007,10 +2072,11 @@ pgstat_write_statsfile(void)
 									(void *) &(tabentry->tableid),
 									HASH_REMOVE, NULL) == NULL)
 					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: tables hash table for "
-							 "database %d corrupted during "
-							 "cleanup - abort",
-							 dbentry->databaseid);
+						ereport(LOG,
+								(errmsg("tables hash table for "
+										"database %u corrupted during "
+										"cleanup --- abort",
+										dbentry->databaseid)));
 						exit(1);
 					}
 				}
@@ -2049,20 +2115,24 @@ pgstat_write_statsfile(void)
 
 	/*
 	 * No more output to be done. Close the temp file and replace the old
-	 * pgstat.stat with it's content.
+	 * pgstat.stat with it.
 	 */
 	fputc('E', fpout);
 	if (fclose(fpout) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: Error closing temp stats file %s: %m",
-			 pgStat_tmpfname);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not write temp statistics file \"%s\": %m",
+						pgStat_tmpfname)));
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		if (rename(pgStat_tmpfname, pgStat_fname) < 0)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: Cannot rename temp stats file %s: %m",
-				 pgStat_fname);
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not rename temp statistics file \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m",
+							pgStat_tmpfname, pgStat_fname)));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2082,8 +2152,9 @@ pgstat_write_statsfile(void)
 							(void *) &(deadbe->procpid),
 							HASH_REMOVE, NULL) == NULL)
 			{
-				elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: dead backend hash table corrupted "
-					 "during cleanup - abort");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("dead-backend hash table corrupted "
+								"during cleanup --- abort")));
 				exit(1);
 			}
 		}
@@ -2145,13 +2216,18 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 						  HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION | mcxt_flags);
 	if (*dbhash == NULL)
 	{
+		/* assume the problem is out-of-memory */
 		if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: Creation of DB hash table failed");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 			exit(1);
 		}
 		/* in backend, can do normal error */
-		elog(ERROR, "PGSTAT: Creation of DB hash table failed");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2187,54 +2263,43 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 			case 'D':
 				if (fread(&dbbuf, 1, sizeof(dbbuf), fpin) != sizeof(dbbuf))
 				{
-					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
-					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
-						fclose(fpin);
-						return;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						elog(WARNING, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
+					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
+							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
 					fclose(fpin);
 					return;
 				}
-				}
 
 				/*
 				 * Add to the DB hash
 				 */
 				dbentry = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_search(*dbhash,
 											  (void *) &dbbuf.databaseid,
-													 HASH_ENTER, &found);
+															 HASH_ENTER,
+															 &found);
 				if (dbentry == NULL)
 				{
 					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
 					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: DB hash table out of memory");
+						ereport(LOG,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+								 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 						exit(1);
 					}
 					else
 					{
 						fclose(fpin);
-						elog(ERROR, "PGSTAT: DB hash table out of memory");
+						ereport(ERROR,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+								 errmsg("out of memory")));
 					}
 				}
 				if (found)
 				{
-					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
-					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
+					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
+							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
 					fclose(fpin);
 					return;
 				}
-					else
-					{
-						elog(WARNING, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
-						fclose(fpin);
-						return;
-					}
-				}
 
 				memcpy(dbentry, &dbbuf, sizeof(PgStat_StatDBEntry));
 				dbentry->tables = NULL;
@@ -2247,7 +2312,6 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 				if (onlydb != InvalidOid && onlydb != dbbuf.databaseid)
 					break;
 
-
 				memset(&hash_ctl, 0, sizeof(hash_ctl));
 				hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
 				hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatTabEntry);
@@ -2259,18 +2323,19 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 								 HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION | mcxt_flags);
 				if (dbentry->tables == NULL)
 				{
+					/* assume the problem is out-of-memory */
 					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
 					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: failed to initialize "
-							 "hash table for new database entry");
+						ereport(LOG,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+								 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 						exit(1);
 					}
-					else
-					{
+					/* in backend, can do normal error */
 					fclose(fpin);
-						elog(ERROR, "PGSTAT: failed to initialize "
-							 "hash table for new database entry");
-					}
+					ereport(ERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+							 errmsg("out of memory")));
 				}
 
 				/*
@@ -2293,19 +2358,11 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 			case 'T':
 				if (fread(&tabbuf, 1, sizeof(tabbuf), fpin) != sizeof(tabbuf))
 				{
-					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
-					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
+					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
+							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
 					fclose(fpin);
 					return;
 				}
-					else
-					{
-						elog(WARNING, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
-						fclose(fpin);
-						return;
-					}
-				}
 
 				/*
 				 * Skip if table belongs to a not requested database.
@@ -2320,31 +2377,25 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 				{
 					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
 					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: Tab hash table out of memory");
+						ereport(LOG,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+								 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 						exit(1);
 					}
-					else
-					{
+					/* in backend, can do normal error */
 					fclose(fpin);
-						elog(ERROR, "PGSTAT: Tab hash table out of memory");
-					}
+					ereport(ERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+							 errmsg("out of memory")));
 				}
 
 				if (found)
 				{
-					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
-					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
-						fclose(fpin);
-						return;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						elog(WARNING, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
+					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
+							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
 					fclose(fpin);
 					return;
 				}
-				}
 
 				memcpy(tabentry, &tabbuf, sizeof(tabbuf));
 				break;
@@ -2361,19 +2412,11 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 				if (fread(&maxbackends, 1, sizeof(maxbackends), fpin) !=
 					sizeof(maxbackends))
 				{
-					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
-					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
-						fclose(fpin);
-						return;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						elog(WARNING, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
+					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
+							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
 					fclose(fpin);
 					return;
 				}
-				}
 				if (maxbackends == 0)
 				{
 					fclose(fpin);
@@ -2415,19 +2458,11 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 						  sizeof(PgStat_StatBeEntry), fpin) !=
 					sizeof(PgStat_StatBeEntry))
 				{
-					if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
-					{
-						elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
+					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
+							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
 					fclose(fpin);
 					return;
 				}
-					else
-					{
-						elog(WARNING, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
-						fclose(fpin);
-						return;
-					}
-				}
 
 				/*
 				 * Count backends per database here.
@@ -2456,20 +2491,12 @@ pgstat_read_statsfile(HTAB **dbhash, Oid onlydb,
 				return;
 
 			default:
-				if (pgStatRunningInCollector)
-				{
-					elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
-					fclose(fpin);
-					return;
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					elog(WARNING, "PGSTAT: corrupted pgstat.stat file");
+				ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
+						(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
 				fclose(fpin);
 				return;
 		}
 	}
-	}
 
 	fclose(fpin);
 }
@@ -2579,8 +2606,9 @@ pgstat_recv_tabstat(PgStat_MsgTabstat *msg, int len)
 													 HASH_ENTER, &found);
 		if (tabentry == NULL)
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: tables hash table out of memory for "
-				 "database %d - abort", dbentry->databaseid);
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 			exit(1);
 		}
 
@@ -2759,8 +2787,10 @@ pgstat_recv_resetcounter(PgStat_MsgResetcounter *msg, int len)
 								  HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);
 	if (dbentry->tables == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "PGSTAT: failed to reinitialize hash table for "
-			 "database entry");
+		/* assume the problem is out-of-memory */
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory in statistics collector --- abort")));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 }

src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c,v 1.333 2003/06/12 07:36:51 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c,v 1.334 2003/07/22 19:00:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTES
  *
@@ -327,10 +327,15 @@ checkDataDir(const char *checkdir)
 	if (stat(checkdir, &stat_buf) == -1)
 	{
 		if (errno == ENOENT)
-			elog(FATAL, "data directory %s was not found", checkdir);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("data directory \"%s\" does not exist",
+							checkdir)));
 		else
-			elog(FATAL, "could not read permissions of directory %s: %m",
-				 checkdir);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not read permissions of directory \"%s\": %m",
+							checkdir)));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -342,8 +347,11 @@ checkDataDir(const char *checkdir)
 	 */
 #if !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(WIN32)
 	if (stat_buf.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO))
-		elog(FATAL, "data directory %s has group or world access; permissions should be u=rwx (0700)",
-			 checkdir);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has group or world access",
+						checkdir),
+				 errdetail("permissions should be u=rwx (0700)")));
 #endif
 
 	/* Look for PG_VERSION before looking for pg_control */
@@ -560,9 +568,15 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 					if (!value)
 					{
 						if (opt == '-')
-							elog(ERROR, "--%s requires argument", optarg);
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+									 errmsg("--%s requires a value",
+											optarg)));
 						else
-							elog(ERROR, "-c %s requires argument", optarg);
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+									 errmsg("-c %s requires a value",
+											optarg)));
 					}
 
 					SetConfigOption(name, value, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);
@@ -654,8 +668,9 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 	 * On some systems our dynloader code needs the executable's pathname.
 	 */
 	if (FindExec(pg_pathname, progname, "postgres") < 0)
-		elog(FATAL, "%s: could not locate executable, bailing out...",
-			 progname);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errmsg("%s: could not locate postgres executable",
+						progname)));
 
 	/*
 	 * Initialize SSL library, if specified.
@@ -830,7 +845,7 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	/*
 	 * Reset whereToSendOutput from Debug (its starting state) to None.
-	 * This prevents elog from sending log messages to stderr unless the
+	 * This prevents ereport from sending log messages to stderr unless the
 	 * syslog/stderr switch permits.  We don't do this until the
 	 * postmaster is fully launched, since startup failures may as well be
 	 * reported to stderr.
@@ -1049,7 +1064,9 @@ ServerLoop(void)
 			PG_SETMASK(&BlockSig);
 			if (errno == EINTR || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)
 				continue;
-			elog(LOG, "ServerLoop: select failed: %m");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("select failed in postmaster: %m")));
 			return STATUS_ERROR;
 		}
 
@@ -1138,10 +1155,10 @@ initMasks(fd_set *rmask, fd_set *wmask)
 /*
  * Read the startup packet and do something according to it.
  *
- * Returns STATUS_OK or STATUS_ERROR, or might call elog(FATAL) and
+ * Returns STATUS_OK or STATUS_ERROR, or might call ereport(FATAL) and
  * not return at all.
  *
- * (Note that elog(FATAL) stuff is sent to the client, so only use it
+ * (Note that ereport(FATAL) stuff is sent to the client, so only use it
  * if that's what you want.  Return STATUS_ERROR if you don't want to
  * send anything to the client, which would typically be appropriate
  * if we detect a communications failure.)
@@ -1163,7 +1180,9 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 		 * so don't clutter the log with a complaint.
 		 */
 		if (!SSLdone)
-			elog(COMMERROR, "incomplete startup packet");
+			ereport(COMMERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("incomplete startup packet")));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
@@ -1173,7 +1192,9 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 	if (len < (int32) sizeof(ProtocolVersion) ||
 		len > MAX_STARTUP_PACKET_LENGTH)
 	{
-		elog(COMMERROR, "invalid length of startup packet");
+		ereport(COMMERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid length of startup packet")));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
@@ -1190,7 +1211,9 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 
 	if (pq_getbytes(buf, len) == EOF)
 	{
-		elog(COMMERROR, "incomplete startup packet");
+		ereport(COMMERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("incomplete startup packet")));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
@@ -1221,7 +1244,9 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 #endif
 		if (send(port->sock, &SSLok, 1, 0) != 1)
 		{
-			elog(COMMERROR, "failed to send SSL negotiation response: %m");
+			ereport(COMMERROR,
+					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
+					 errmsg("failed to send SSL negotiation response: %m")));
 			return STATUS_ERROR;	/* close the connection */
 		}
 
@@ -1237,7 +1262,7 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 	/* Could add additional special packet types here */
 
 	/*
-	 * Set FrontendProtocol now so that elog() knows what format to send
+	 * Set FrontendProtocol now so that ereport() knows what format to send
 	 * if we fail during startup.
 	 */
 	FrontendProtocol = proto;
@@ -1248,11 +1273,13 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 		PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(proto) > PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(PG_PROTOCOL_LATEST) ||
 		(PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(proto) == PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(PG_PROTOCOL_LATEST) &&
 		 PG_PROTOCOL_MINOR(proto) > PG_PROTOCOL_MINOR(PG_PROTOCOL_LATEST)))
-		elog(FATAL, "unsupported frontend protocol %u.%u: server supports %u.0 to %u.%u",
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("unsupported frontend protocol %u.%u: server supports %u.0 to %u.%u",
 						PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(proto), PG_PROTOCOL_MINOR(proto),
 						PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(PG_PROTOCOL_EARLIEST),
 						PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(PG_PROTOCOL_LATEST),
-			 PG_PROTOCOL_MINOR(PG_PROTOCOL_LATEST));
+						PG_PROTOCOL_MINOR(PG_PROTOCOL_LATEST))));
 
 	/*
 	 * Now fetch parameters out of startup packet and save them into the
@@ -1309,7 +1336,9 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 		 * given packet length, complain.
 		 */
 		if (offset != len-1)
-			elog(FATAL, "invalid startup packet layout: expected terminator as last byte");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("invalid startup packet layout: expected terminator as last byte")));
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -1335,7 +1364,9 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 
 	/* Check a user name was given. */
 	if (port->user_name == NULL || port->user_name[0] == '\0')
-		elog(FATAL, "no PostgreSQL user name specified in startup packet");
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION),
+				 errmsg("no PostgreSQL user name specified in startup packet")));
 
 	/* The database defaults to the user name. */
 	if (port->database_name == NULL || port->database_name[0] == '\0')
@@ -1388,16 +1419,24 @@ ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone)
 	switch (cac)
 	{
 		case CAC_STARTUP:
-			elog(FATAL, "The database system is starting up");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW),
+					 errmsg("the database system is starting up")));
 			break;
 		case CAC_SHUTDOWN:
-			elog(FATAL, "The database system is shutting down");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW),
+					 errmsg("the database system is shutting down")));
 			break;
 		case CAC_RECOVERY:
-			elog(FATAL, "The database system is in recovery mode");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW),
+					 errmsg("the database system is in recovery mode")));
 			break;
 		case CAC_TOOMANY:
-			elog(FATAL, "Sorry, too many clients already");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS),
+					 errmsg("sorry, too many clients already")));
 			break;
 		case CAC_OK:
 		default:
@@ -1427,7 +1466,8 @@ processCancelRequest(Port *port, void *pkt)
 
 	if (backendPID == CheckPointPID)
 	{
-		elog(DEBUG2, "processCancelRequest: CheckPointPID in cancel request for process %d", backendPID);
+		elog(DEBUG2, "ignoring cancel request for checkpoint process %d",
+			 backendPID);
 		return;
 	}
 	else if (ExecBackend)
@@ -1501,7 +1541,9 @@ ConnCreate(int serverFd)
 
 	if (!(port = (Port *) calloc(1, sizeof(Port))))
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "ConnCreate: malloc failed");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		SignalChildren(SIGQUIT);
 		ExitPostmaster(1);
 	}
@@ -1600,7 +1642,8 @@ SIGHUP_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 
 	if (Shutdown <= SmartShutdown)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "Received SIGHUP, reloading configuration files");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("received SIGHUP, reloading configuration files")));
 		ProcessConfigFile(PGC_SIGHUP);
 #ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
 		write_nondefault_variables(PGC_SIGHUP);
@@ -1627,7 +1670,7 @@ pmdie(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 
 	PG_SETMASK(&BlockSig);
 
-	elog(DEBUG2, "pmdie %d", postgres_signal_arg);
+	elog(DEBUG2, "postmaster received signal %d", postgres_signal_arg);
 
 	switch (postgres_signal_arg)
 	{
@@ -1641,7 +1684,8 @@ pmdie(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 			if (Shutdown >= SmartShutdown)
 				break;
 			Shutdown = SmartShutdown;
-			elog(LOG, "smart shutdown request");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("received smart shutdown request")));
 			if (DLGetHead(BackendList)) /* let reaper() handle this */
 				break;
 
@@ -1671,13 +1715,15 @@ pmdie(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 			 */
 			if (Shutdown >= FastShutdown)
 				break;
-			elog(LOG, "fast shutdown request");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("received fast shutdown request")));
 			if (DLGetHead(BackendList)) /* let reaper() handle this */
 			{
 				Shutdown = FastShutdown;
 				if (!FatalError)
 				{
-					elog(LOG, "aborting any active transactions");
+					ereport(LOG,
+							(errmsg("aborting any active transactions")));
 					SignalChildren(SIGTERM);
 				}
 				break;
@@ -1713,7 +1759,8 @@ pmdie(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 			 * abort all children with SIGQUIT and exit without attempt to
 			 * properly shutdown data base system.
 			 */
-			elog(LOG, "immediate shutdown request");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("received immediate shutdown request")));
 			if (ShutdownPID > 0)
 				kill(ShutdownPID, SIGQUIT);
 			if (StartupPID > 0)
@@ -1795,7 +1842,8 @@ reaper(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 			{
 				LogChildExit(LOG, gettext("startup process"),
 							 pid, exitstatus);
-				elog(LOG, "aborting startup due to startup process failure");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("aborting startup due to startup process failure")));
 				ExitPostmaster(1);
 			}
 			StartupPID = 0;
@@ -1849,7 +1897,8 @@ reaper(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 		 */
 		if (DLGetHead(BackendList) || StartupPID > 0 || ShutdownPID > 0)
 			goto reaper_done;
-		elog(LOG, "all server processes terminated; reinitializing shared memory and semaphores");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("all server processes terminated; reinitializing")));
 
 		shmem_exit(0);
 		reset_shared(PostPortNumber);
@@ -1936,7 +1985,8 @@ CleanupProc(int pid,
 					 (pid == CheckPointPID) ? gettext("checkpoint process") :
 					 gettext("server process"),
 					 pid, exitstatus);
-		elog(LOG, "terminating any other active server processes");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("terminating any other active server processes")));
 	}
 
 	curr = DLGetHead(BackendList);
@@ -1957,7 +2007,7 @@ CleanupProc(int pid,
 			 */
 			if (!FatalError)
 			{
-				elog(DEBUG2, "CleanupProc: sending %s to process %d",
+				elog(DEBUG2, "sending %s to process %d",
 					 (SendStop ? "SIGSTOP" : "SIGQUIT"), (int) bp->pid);
 				kill(bp->pid, (SendStop ? SIGSTOP : SIGQUIT));
 			}
@@ -1996,19 +2046,30 @@ CleanupProc(int pid,
 static void
 LogChildExit(int lev, const char *procname, int pid, int exitstatus)
 {
+	if (WIFEXITED(exitstatus))
+		ereport(lev,
 				/*
-	 * translator: the first %s in these messages is a noun phrase
-	 * describing a child process, such as "server process"
+				 * translator: %s is a noun phrase describing a child process,
+				 * such as "server process"
 				 */
-	if (WIFEXITED(exitstatus))
-		elog(lev, "%s (pid %d) exited with exit code %d",
-			 procname, pid, WEXITSTATUS(exitstatus));
+				(errmsg("%s (pid %d) exited with exit code %d",
+						procname, pid, WEXITSTATUS(exitstatus))));
 	else if (WIFSIGNALED(exitstatus))
-		elog(lev, "%s (pid %d) was terminated by signal %d",
-			 procname, pid, WTERMSIG(exitstatus));
+		ereport(lev,
+				/*
+				 * translator: %s is a noun phrase describing a child process,
+				 * such as "server process"
+				 */
+				(errmsg("%s (pid %d) was terminated by signal %d",
+						procname, pid, WTERMSIG(exitstatus))));
 	else
-		elog(lev, "%s (pid %d) exited with unexpected status %d",
-			 procname, pid, exitstatus);
+		ereport(lev,
+				/*
+				 * translator: %s is a noun phrase describing a child process,
+				 * such as "server process"
+				 */
+				(errmsg("%s (pid %d) exited with unexpected status %d",
+						procname, pid, exitstatus)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2029,7 +2090,7 @@ SignalChildren(int signal)
 
 		if (bp->pid != MyProcPid)
 		{
-			elog(DEBUG2, "SignalChildren: sending signal %d to process %d",
+			elog(DEBUG2, "sending signal %d to process %d",
 				 signal, (int) bp->pid);
 			kill(bp->pid, signal);
 		}
@@ -2067,7 +2128,9 @@ BackendStartup(Port *port)
 	bn = (Backend *) malloc(sizeof(Backend));
 	if (!bn)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "out of memory; connection startup aborted");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
@@ -2118,7 +2181,8 @@ BackendStartup(Port *port)
 		status = BackendFork(port);
 
 		if (status != 0)
-			elog(LOG, "connection startup failed");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("connection startup failed")));
 		proc_exit(status);
 	}
 
@@ -2132,15 +2196,16 @@ BackendStartup(Port *port)
 		beos_backend_startup_failed();
 #endif
 		free(bn);
-		elog(LOG, "connection startup failed (fork failure): %s",
-			 strerror(save_errno));
+		errno = save_errno;
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("could not fork new process for connection: %m")));
 		report_fork_failure_to_client(port, save_errno);
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
 	/* in parent, normal */
-	elog(DEBUG2, "BackendStartup: forked pid=%d socket=%d", (int) pid,
-		 port->sock);
+	elog(DEBUG2, "forked new backend, pid=%d socket=%d",
+		 (int) pid, port->sock);
 
 	/*
 	 * Everything's been successful, it's safe to add this backend to our
@@ -2166,9 +2231,9 @@ report_fork_failure_to_client(Port *port, int errnum)
 {
 	char		buffer[1000];
 
-	/* Format the error message packet */
+	/* Format the error message packet (always V2 protocol) */
 	snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "E%s%s\n",
-			 gettext("Server process fork() failed: "),
+			 gettext("could not fork new process for connection: "),
 			 strerror(errnum));
 
 	/* Set port to non-blocking.  Don't do send() if this fails */
@@ -2262,12 +2327,12 @@ BackendFork(Port *port)
 	MyProcPid = getpid();
 
 	/*
-	 * Initialize libpq and enable reporting of elog errors to the client.
+	 * Initialize libpq and enable reporting of ereport errors to the client.
 	 * Must do this now because authentication uses libpq to send
 	 * messages.
 	 */
 	pq_init();					/* initialize libpq to talk to client */
-	whereToSendOutput = Remote; /* now safe to elog to client */
+	whereToSendOutput = Remote; /* now safe to ereport to client */
 
 	/*
 	 * We arrange for a simple exit(0) if we receive SIGTERM or SIGQUIT
@@ -2299,21 +2364,17 @@ BackendFork(Port *port)
 	}
 
 	if (Log_connections)
-	{
-		elog(LOG, "connection received: host=%s port=%s",
-			remote_host, remote_port);
-	}
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("connection received: host=%s port=%s",
+						remote_host, remote_port)));
 
 	if (LogSourcePort)
 	{
 		/* modify remote_host for use in ps status */
-		int		slen = strlen(remote_host) + 10;
-		char		*str = palloc(slen);
+		char	tmphost[sizeof(remote_host) + 10];
 
-		snprintf(str, slen, "%s:%s", remote_host, remote_port);
-		strncpy(remote_host, str, sizeof(remote_host));
-		remote_host[sizeof(remote_host) - 1] = '\0';
-		pfree(str);
+		snprintf(tmphost, sizeof(tmphost), "%s:%s", remote_host, remote_port);
+		StrNCpy(remote_host, tmphost, sizeof(remote_host));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2332,7 +2393,7 @@ BackendFork(Port *port)
 	 * indefinitely.  PreAuthDelay doesn't count against the time limit.
 	 */
 	if (!enable_sig_alarm(AuthenticationTimeout * 1000, false))
-		elog(FATAL, "BackendFork: Unable to set timer for auth timeout");
+		elog(FATAL, "could not set timer for authorization timeout");
 
 	/*
 	 * Receive the startup packet (which might turn out to be a cancel
@@ -2361,12 +2422,13 @@ BackendFork(Port *port)
 	 * SIGTERM/SIGQUIT again until backend startup is complete.
 	 */
 	if (!disable_sig_alarm(false))
-		elog(FATAL, "BackendFork: Unable to disable timer for auth timeout");
+		elog(FATAL, "could not disable timer for authorization timeout");
 	PG_SETMASK(&BlockSig);
 
 	if (Log_connections)
-		elog(LOG, "connection authorized: user=%s database=%s",
-			 port->user_name, port->database_name);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("connection authorized: user=%s database=%s",
+						port->user_name, port->database_name)));
 
 	/*
 	 * Don't want backend to be able to see the postmaster random number
@@ -2519,9 +2581,10 @@ sigusr1_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 				int		elapsed_secs = now - LastSignalledCheckpoint;
 
 				if (elapsed_secs < CheckPointWarning)
-					elog(LOG, "Checkpoint segments are being created too frequently (%d secs)"
-						 "\n\tConsider increasing CHECKPOINT_SEGMENTS",
-						 elapsed_secs);
+					ereport(LOG,
+							(errmsg("checkpoints are occurring too frequently (%d seconds apart)",
+									elapsed_secs),
+							 errhint("Consider increasing CHECKPOINT_SEGMENTS.")));
 			}
 			LastSignalledCheckpoint = now;
 		}
@@ -2787,15 +2850,20 @@ SSDataBase(int xlop)
 		switch (xlop)
 		{
 			case BS_XLOG_STARTUP:
-				elog(LOG, "could not launch startup process (fork failure): %m");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("could not fork startup process: %m")));
 				break;
 			case BS_XLOG_CHECKPOINT:
-				elog(LOG, "could not launch checkpoint process (fork failure): %m");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("could not fork checkpoint process: %m")));
 				break;
 			case BS_XLOG_SHUTDOWN:
-				elog(LOG, "could not launch shutdown process (fork failure): %m");
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("could not fork shutdown process: %m")));
 				break;
 			default:
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("could not fork process: %m")));
 				break;
 		}
 
@@ -2817,7 +2885,9 @@ SSDataBase(int xlop)
 	{
 		if (!(bn = (Backend *) malloc(sizeof(Backend))))
 		{
-			elog(LOG, "CheckPointDataBase: malloc failed");
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 			ExitPostmaster(1);
 		}
 
@@ -2857,7 +2927,7 @@ CreateOptsFile(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	if ((fp = fopen(filename, "w")) == NULL)
 	{
-		postmaster_error("cannot create file %s: %s",
+		postmaster_error("cannot create file \"%s\": %s",
 						 filename, strerror(errno));
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -2880,7 +2950,7 @@ CreateOptsFile(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 /*
  * This should be used only for reporting "interactive" errors (ie, errors
- * during startup.	Once the postmaster is launched, use elog.
+ * during startup).  Once the postmaster is launched, use ereport.
  */
 void
 postmaster_error(const char *fmt,...)

src/backend/tcop/dest.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/dest.c,v 1.58 2003/05/08 18:16:36 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/dest.c,v 1.59 2003/07/22 19:00:11 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ CreateDestReceiver(CommandDest dest, Portal portal)
 		case Remote:
 		case RemoteExecute:
 			if (portal == NULL)
-				elog(ERROR, "CreateDestReceiver: no portal specified");
+				elog(ERROR, "no portal specified for Remote receiver");
 			return printtup_create_DR(dest, portal);
 
 		case None:
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ CreateDestReceiver(CommandDest dest, Portal portal)
 
 		case Tuplestore:
 			if (portal == NULL)
-				elog(ERROR, "CreateDestReceiver: no portal specified");
+				elog(ERROR, "no portal specified for Tuplestore receiver");
 			if (portal->holdStore == NULL ||
 				portal->holdContext == NULL)
-				elog(ERROR, "CreateDestReceiver: portal has no holdStore");
+				elog(ERROR, "portal has no holdStore");
 			return CreateTuplestoreDestReceiver(portal->holdStore,
 												portal->holdContext);
 	}

src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c,v 1.64 2003/05/09 18:18:54 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/fastpath.c,v 1.65 2003/07/22 19:00:11 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTES
  *	  This cruft is the server side of PQfn.
@@ -101,8 +101,10 @@ GetOldFunctionMessage(StringInfo buf)
 		if (argsize < -1)
 		{
 			/* FATAL here since no hope of regaining message sync */
-			elog(FATAL, "HandleFunctionRequest: bogus argsize %d",
-				 argsize);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("invalid argument size %d in function call message",
+							argsize)));
 		}
 		/* and arg contents */
 		if (argsize > 0)
@@ -180,7 +182,9 @@ SendFunctionResult(Datum retval, bool isnull, Oid rettype, int16 format)
 			pfree(outputbytes);
 		}
 		else
-			elog(ERROR, "Invalid format code %d", format);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+					 errmsg("unsupported format code: %d", format)));
 	}
 
 	if (!newstyle)
@@ -208,7 +212,7 @@ fetch_fp_info(Oid func_id, struct fp_info * fip)
 	 * Since the validity of this structure is determined by whether the
 	 * funcid is OK, we clear the funcid here.	It must not be set to the
 	 * correct value until we are about to return with a good struct
-	 * fp_info, since we can be interrupted (i.e., with an elog(ERROR,
+	 * fp_info, since we can be interrupted (i.e., with an ereport(ERROR,
 	 * ...)) at any time.  [No longer really an issue since we don't save
 	 * the struct fp_info across transactions anymore, but keep it
 	 * anyway.]
@@ -222,8 +226,9 @@ fetch_fp_info(Oid func_id, struct fp_info * fip)
 							  ObjectIdGetDatum(func_id),
 							  0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(func_htp))
-		elog(ERROR, "fetch_fp_info: cache lookup for function %u failed",
-			 func_id);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+				 errmsg("function with OID %u does not exist", func_id)));
 	pp = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(func_htp);
 
 	fip->namespace = pp->pronamespace;
@@ -254,8 +259,8 @@ fetch_fp_info(Oid func_id, struct fp_info * fip)
  * RETURNS:
  *		0 if successful completion, EOF if frontend connection lost.
  *
- * Note: All ordinary errors result in elog(ERROR,...).  However,
- * if we lose the frontend connection there is no one to elog to,
+ * Note: All ordinary errors result in ereport(ERROR,...).  However,
+ * if we lose the frontend connection there is no one to ereport to,
  * and no use in proceeding...
  *
  * Note: palloc()s done here and in the called function do not need to be
@@ -282,19 +287,23 @@ HandleFunctionRequest(StringInfo msgBuf)
 	{
 		if (GetOldFunctionMessage(msgBuf))
 		{
-			elog(COMMERROR, "unexpected EOF on client connection");
+			ereport(COMMERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("unexpected EOF on client connection")));
 			return EOF;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Now that we've eaten the input message, check to see if we actually
-	 * want to do the function call or not.  It's now safe to elog(); we won't
-	 * lose sync with the frontend.
+	 * want to do the function call or not.  It's now safe to ereport();
+	 * we won't lose sync with the frontend.
 	 */
 	if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState())
-		elog(ERROR, "current transaction is aborted, "
-			 "queries ignored until end of transaction block");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
+				 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
+						"queries ignored until end of transaction block")));
 
 	/*
 	 * Begin parsing the buffer contents.
@@ -404,14 +413,18 @@ parse_fcall_arguments(StringInfo msgBuf, struct fp_info *fip,
 	nargs = pq_getmsgint(msgBuf, 2);	/* # of arguments */
 
 	if (fip->flinfo.fn_nargs != nargs || nargs > FUNC_MAX_ARGS)
-		elog(ERROR, "HandleFunctionRequest: actual arguments (%d) != registered arguments (%d)",
-			 nargs, fip->flinfo.fn_nargs);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("function call message contains %d arguments but function requires %d",
+						nargs, fip->flinfo.fn_nargs)));
 
 	fcinfo->nargs = nargs;
 
 	if (numAFormats > 1 && numAFormats != nargs)
-		elog(ERROR, "Function Call message has %d argument formats but %d arguments",
-			 numAFormats, nargs);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("function call message contains %d argument formats but %d arguments",
+						numAFormats, nargs)));
 
 	initStringInfo(&abuf);
 
@@ -430,8 +443,10 @@ parse_fcall_arguments(StringInfo msgBuf, struct fp_info *fip,
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (argsize < 0)
-			elog(ERROR, "HandleFunctionRequest: bogus argsize %d",
-				 argsize);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("invalid argument size %d in function call message",
+							argsize)));
 
 		/* Reset abuf to empty, and insert raw data into it */
 		abuf.len = 0;
@@ -489,11 +504,15 @@ parse_fcall_arguments(StringInfo msgBuf, struct fp_info *fip,
 
 			/* Trouble if it didn't eat the whole buffer */
 			if (abuf.cursor != abuf.len)
-				elog(ERROR, "Improper binary format in function argument %d",
-					 i + 1);
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
+						 errmsg("incorrect binary data format in function argument %d",
+								i + 1)));
 		}
 		else
-			elog(ERROR, "Invalid format code %d", aformat);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+					 errmsg("unsupported format code: %d", aformat)));
 	}
 
 	/* Return result format code */
@@ -517,8 +536,10 @@ parse_fcall_arguments_20(StringInfo msgBuf, struct fp_info *fip,
 	nargs = pq_getmsgint(msgBuf, 4);	/* # of arguments */
 
 	if (fip->flinfo.fn_nargs != nargs || nargs > FUNC_MAX_ARGS)
-		elog(ERROR, "HandleFunctionRequest: actual arguments (%d) != registered arguments (%d)",
-			 nargs, fip->flinfo.fn_nargs);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("function call message contains %d arguments but function requires %d",
+						nargs, fip->flinfo.fn_nargs)));
 
 	fcinfo->nargs = nargs;
 
@@ -545,8 +566,10 @@ parse_fcall_arguments_20(StringInfo msgBuf, struct fp_info *fip,
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (argsize < 0)
-			elog(ERROR, "HandleFunctionRequest: bogus argsize %d",
-				 argsize);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("invalid argument size %d in function call message",
+							argsize)));
 
 		/* Reset abuf to empty, and insert raw data into it */
 		abuf.len = 0;
@@ -566,8 +589,10 @@ parse_fcall_arguments_20(StringInfo msgBuf, struct fp_info *fip,
 
 		/* Trouble if it didn't eat the whole buffer */
 		if (abuf.cursor != abuf.len)
-			elog(ERROR, "Improper binary format in function argument %d",
-				 i + 1);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
+					 errmsg("incorrect binary data format in function argument %d",
+							i + 1)));
 	}
 
 	/* Desired result format is always binary in protocol 2.0 */

src/backend/tcop/postgres.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c,v 1.350 2003/07/09 06:47:34 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c,v 1.351 2003/07/22 19:00:11 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTES
  *	  this is the "main" module of the postgres backend and
@@ -275,7 +275,9 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 
 	if (qtype == EOF)			/* frontend disconnected */
 	{
-		elog(COMMERROR, "unexpected EOF on client connection");
+		ereport(COMMERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("unexpected EOF on client connection")));
 		return qtype;
 	}
 
@@ -296,7 +298,9 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 				/* old style without length word; convert */
 				if (pq_getstring(inBuf))
 				{
-					elog(COMMERROR, "unexpected EOF on client connection");
+					ereport(COMMERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+							 errmsg("unexpected EOF on client connection")));
 					return EOF;
 				}
 			}
@@ -321,7 +325,9 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 			doing_extended_query_message = true;
 			/* these are only legal in protocol 3 */
 			if (PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(FrontendProtocol) < 3)
-				elog(FATAL, "Socket command type %c unknown", qtype);
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("invalid frontend message type %d", qtype)));
 			break;
 
 		case 'S':				/* sync */
@@ -331,7 +337,9 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			/* only legal in protocol 3 */
 			if (PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(FrontendProtocol) < 3)
-				elog(FATAL, "Socket command type %c unknown", qtype);
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("invalid frontend message type %d", qtype)));
 			break;
 
 		case 'd':				/* copy data */
@@ -340,7 +348,9 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 			doing_extended_query_message = false;
 			/* these are only legal in protocol 3 */
 			if (PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(FrontendProtocol) < 3)
-				elog(FATAL, "Socket command type %c unknown", qtype);
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("invalid frontend message type %d", qtype)));
 			break;
 
 		default:
@@ -349,7 +359,9 @@ SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
 			 * as fatal because we have probably lost message boundary sync,
 			 * and there's no good way to recover.
 			 */
-			elog(FATAL, "Socket command type %c unknown", qtype);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("invalid frontend message type %d", qtype)));
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -446,7 +458,8 @@ pg_parse_query(const char *query_string)
 	List	   *raw_parsetree_list;
 
 	if (log_statement)
-		elog(LOG, "query: %s", query_string);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("query: %s", query_string)));
 
 	if (log_parser_stats)
 		ResetUsage();
@@ -544,7 +557,8 @@ pg_rewrite_queries(List *querytree_list)
 	new_list = (List *) copyObject(querytree_list);
 	/* This checks both copyObject() and the equal() routines... */
 	if (!equal(new_list, querytree_list))
-		elog(WARNING, "pg_rewrite_queries: copyObject failed on parse tree");
+		ereport(WARNING,
+				(errmsg("copyObject failed to produce an equal parse tree")));
 	else
 		querytree_list = new_list;
 #endif
@@ -588,7 +602,8 @@ pg_plan_query(Query *querytree)
 #ifdef NOT_USED
 		/* This checks both copyObject() and the equal() routines... */
 		if (!equal(new_plan, plan))
-			elog(WARNING, "pg_plan_query: copyObject failed on plan tree");
+			ereport(WARNING,
+					(errmsg("copyObject failed to produce an equal plan tree")));
 		else
 #endif
 			plan = new_plan;
@@ -774,8 +789,10 @@ exec_simple_query(const char *query_string)
 			}
 
 			if (!allowit)
-				elog(ERROR, "current transaction is aborted, "
-					 "queries ignored until end of transaction block");
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
+						 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
+					 "queries ignored until end of transaction block")));
 		}
 
 		/* Make sure we are in a transaction command */
@@ -936,19 +953,21 @@ exec_simple_query(const char *query_string)
 		 * min duration.
 		 */
 		if (usecs >= save_log_min_duration_statement * 1000)
-			elog(LOG, "duration_statement: %ld.%06ld %s",
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("duration_statement: %ld.%06ld %s",
 							(long) (stop_t.tv_sec - start_t.tv_sec),
 							(long) (stop_t.tv_usec - start_t.tv_usec),
-				query_string);
+							query_string)));
 
 		/* 
 		 * If the user is requesting logging of all durations, then log
 		 * that as well.
 		 */
 		if (save_log_duration)
-			elog(LOG, "duration: %ld.%06ld sec",
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("duration: %ld.%06ld sec",
 							(long) (stop_t.tv_sec - start_t.tv_sec),
-				 (long) (stop_t.tv_usec - start_t.tv_usec));
+							(long) (stop_t.tv_usec - start_t.tv_usec))));
 	}
 
 	if (save_log_statement_stats)
@@ -1050,7 +1069,9 @@ exec_parse_message(const char *query_string,	/* string to execute */
 	 * to worry about multiple result tupdescs and things like that.
 	 */
 	if (length(parsetree_list) > 1)
-		elog(ERROR, "Cannot insert multiple commands into a prepared statement");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("cannot insert multiple commands into a prepared statement")));
 
 	if (parsetree_list != NIL)
 	{
@@ -1084,8 +1105,10 @@ exec_parse_message(const char *query_string,	/* string to execute */
 			}
 
 			if (!allowit)
-				elog(ERROR, "current transaction is aborted, "
-					 "queries ignored until end of transaction block");
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
+						 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
+					 "queries ignored until end of transaction block")));
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -1110,8 +1133,10 @@ exec_parse_message(const char *query_string,	/* string to execute */
 			Oid		ptype = paramTypes[i];
 
 			if (ptype == InvalidOid || ptype == UNKNOWNOID)
-				elog(ERROR, "Could not determine datatype of parameter $%d",
-					 i + 1);
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_INDETERMINATE_DATATYPE),
+						 errmsg("could not determine datatype of parameter $%d",
+								i + 1)));
 			param_list = lappendo(param_list, ptype);
 		}
 
@@ -1237,8 +1262,10 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 	numParams = pq_getmsgint(input_message, 2);
 
 	if (numPFormats > 1 && numPFormats != numParams)
-		elog(ERROR, "BIND message has %d parameter formats but %d parameters",
-			 numPFormats, numParams);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("bind message has %d parameter formats but %d parameters",
+						numPFormats, numParams)));
 
 	/* Find prepared statement */
 	if (stmt_name[0] != '\0')
@@ -1248,12 +1275,16 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 		/* special-case the unnamed statement */
 		pstmt = unnamed_stmt_pstmt;
 		if (!pstmt)
-			elog(ERROR, "Unnamed prepared statement does not exist");
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_PSTATEMENT),
+					 errmsg("unnamed prepared statement does not exist")));
 	}
 
 	if (numParams != length(pstmt->argtype_list))
-		elog(ERROR, "Bind message supplies %d parameters, but prepared statement \"%s\" requires %d",
-			 numParams, stmt_name, length(pstmt->argtype_list));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("bind message supplies %d parameters, but prepared statement \"%s\" requires %d",
+						numParams, stmt_name, length(pstmt->argtype_list))));
 
 	/*
 	 * Create the portal.  Allow silent replacement of an existing portal
@@ -1375,12 +1406,17 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 
 						/* Trouble if it didn't eat the whole buffer */
 						if (pbuf.cursor != pbuf.len)
-							elog(ERROR, "Improper binary format in BIND parameter %d",
-								 i + 1);
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
+									 errmsg("incorrect binary data format in bind parameter %d",
+								 i + 1)));
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						elog(ERROR, "Invalid format code %d", pformat);
+						ereport(ERROR,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("unsupported format code: %d",
+										pformat)));
 					}
 
 					/* Restore message buffer contents */
@@ -1453,7 +1489,9 @@ exec_execute_message(const char *portal_name, long max_rows)
 
 	portal = GetPortalByName(portal_name);
 	if (!PortalIsValid(portal))
-		elog(ERROR, "Portal \"%s\" not found", portal_name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_CURSOR),
+				 errmsg("portal \"%s\" does not exist", portal_name)));
 
 	/*
 	 * If the original query was a null string, just return EmptyQueryResponse.
@@ -1517,8 +1555,10 @@ exec_execute_message(const char *portal_name, long max_rows)
 	if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState())
 	{
 		if (!is_trans_exit)
-			elog(ERROR, "current transaction is aborted, "
-				 "queries ignored until end of transaction block");
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
+					 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
+				 "queries ignored until end of transaction block")));
 	}
 
 	/* Check for cancel signal before we start execution */
@@ -1591,7 +1631,9 @@ exec_describe_statement_message(const char *stmt_name)
 		/* special-case the unnamed statement */
 		pstmt = unnamed_stmt_pstmt;
 		if (!pstmt)
-			elog(ERROR, "Unnamed prepared statement does not exist");
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_PSTATEMENT),
+					 errmsg("unnamed prepared statement does not exist")));
 	}
 
 	if (whereToSendOutput != Remote)
@@ -1642,7 +1684,9 @@ exec_describe_portal_message(const char *portal_name)
 
 	portal = GetPortalByName(portal_name);
 	if (!PortalIsValid(portal))
-		elog(ERROR, "Portal \"%s\" not found", portal_name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_CURSOR),
+				 errmsg("portal \"%s\" does not exist", portal_name)));
 
 	if (whereToSendOutput != Remote)
 		return;					/* can't actually do anything... */
@@ -1724,13 +1768,19 @@ void
 quickdie(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 {
 	PG_SETMASK(&BlockSig);
-	elog(WARNING, "Message from PostgreSQL backend:"
-		 "\n\tThe Postmaster has informed me that some other backend"
-		 "\n\tdied abnormally and possibly corrupted shared memory."
-		 "\n\tI have rolled back the current transaction and am"
-	   "\n\tgoing to terminate your database system connection and exit."
-	"\n\tPlease reconnect to the database system and repeat your query.");
-
+	/*
+	 * Ideally this should be ereport(FATAL), but then we'd not get control
+	 * back (perhaps could fix by doing local sigsetjmp?)
+	 */
+	ereport(WARNING,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_CRASH_SHUTDOWN),
+			 errmsg("terminating connection due to crash of another backend"),
+			 errdetail("The postmaster has commanded this backend to roll back"
+					   " the current transaction and exit, because another"
+					   " backend exited abnormally and possibly corrupted"
+					   " shared memory."),
+			 errhint("In a moment you should be able to reconnect to the"
+					 " database and repeat your query.")));
 	/*
 	 * DO NOT proc_exit() -- we're here because shared memory may be
 	 * corrupted, so we don't want to try to clean up our transaction.
@@ -1741,7 +1791,6 @@ quickdie(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 	 * random backend.	This is necessary precisely because we don't clean
 	 * up our shared memory state.
 	 */
-
 	exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -1842,9 +1891,12 @@ StatementCancelHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 static void
 FloatExceptionHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 {
-	elog(ERROR, "floating point exception!"
-		 " The last floating point operation either exceeded legal ranges"
-		 " or was a divide by zero");
+	ereport(ERROR,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_FLOATING_POINT_EXCEPTION),
+			 errmsg("floating-point exception"),
+			 errdetail("An invalid floating-point operation was signaled. "
+					   "This probably means an out-of-range result or an "
+					   "invalid operation, such as division by zero.")));
 }
 
 /* SIGHUP: set flag to re-read config file at next convenient time */
@@ -1875,14 +1927,18 @@ ProcessInterrupts(void)
 		QueryCancelPending = false;		/* ProcDie trumps QueryCancel */
 		ImmediateInterruptOK = false;	/* not idle anymore */
 		DisableNotifyInterrupt();
-		elog(FATAL, "This connection has been terminated by the administrator.");
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
+				 errmsg("terminating connection due to administrator command")));
 	}
 	if (QueryCancelPending)
 	{
 		QueryCancelPending = false;
 		ImmediateInterruptOK = false;	/* not idle anymore */
 		DisableNotifyInterrupt();
-		elog(ERROR, "Query was canceled.");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_QUERY_CANCELED),
+				 errmsg("canceling query due to user request")));
 	}
 	/* If we get here, do nothing (probably, QueryCancelPending was reset) */
 }
@@ -2028,7 +2084,9 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 				SetConfigOption("debug_assertions", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
 #else
-				elog(WARNING, "Assert checking is not compiled in");
+				ereport(WARNING,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+						 errmsg("assert checking is not compiled in")));
 #endif
 				break;
 
@@ -2313,9 +2371,15 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 					if (!value)
 					{
 						if (flag == '-')
-							elog(ERROR, "--%s requires argument", optarg);
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+									 errmsg("--%s requires a value",
+											optarg)));
 						else
-							elog(ERROR, "-c %s requires argument", optarg);
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+									 errmsg("-c %s requires a value",
+											optarg)));
 					}
 
 					SetConfigOption(name, value, ctx, gucsource);
@@ -2372,7 +2436,9 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 	if (log_statement_stats &&
 		(log_parser_stats || log_planner_stats || log_executor_stats))
 	{
-		elog(WARNING, "Query statistics are disabled because parser, planner, or executor statistics are on.");
+		ereport(WARNING,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("query-level statistics are disabled because parser, planner, or executor statistics are on")));
 		SetConfigOption("show_statement_stats", "false", ctx, gucsource);
 	}
 
@@ -2452,10 +2518,10 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 		/* noninteractive case: nothing should be left after switches */
 		if (errs || argc != optind || dbname == NULL)
 		{
-			elog(WARNING, "%s: invalid command line arguments\nTry -? for help.",
-				 argv[0]);
-			proc_exit(0);		/* not 1, that causes system-wide
-								 * restart... */
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+					 errmsg("invalid backend command-line arguments"),
+					 errhint("Try -? for help.")));
 		}
 		BaseInit();
 #ifdef EXECBACKEND
@@ -2467,17 +2533,20 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 		/* interactive case: database name can be last arg on command line */
 		if (errs || argc - optind > 1)
 		{
-			elog(WARNING, "%s: invalid command line arguments\nTry -? for help.",
-				 argv[0]);
-			proc_exit(1);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+					 errmsg("%s: invalid command-line arguments",
+							argv[0]),
+					 errhint("Try -? for help.")));
 		}
 		else if (argc - optind == 1)
 			dbname = argv[optind];
 		else if ((dbname = username) == NULL)
 		{
-			elog(WARNING, "%s: user name undefined and no database specified",
-				 argv[0]);
-			proc_exit(1);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+					 errmsg("%s: no database nor user name specified",
+							argv[0])));
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -2485,8 +2554,9 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 		 * pathname.  (If under postmaster, this was done already.)
 		 */
 		if (FindExec(pg_pathname, argv[0], "postgres") < 0)
-			elog(FATAL, "%s: could not locate executable, bailing out...",
-				 argv[0]);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errmsg("%s: could not locate postgres executable",
+							argv[0])));
 
 		/*
 		 * Validate we have been given a reasonable-looking DataDir (if
@@ -2556,7 +2626,7 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 	if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
 	{
 		puts("\nPOSTGRES backend interactive interface ");
-		puts("$Revision: 1.350 $ $Date: 2003/07/09 06:47:34 $\n");
+		puts("$Revision: 1.351 $ $Date: 2003/07/22 19:00:11 $\n");
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2594,7 +2664,7 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 		 *
 		 * Make sure we're not interrupted while cleaning up.  Also forget
 		 * any pending QueryCancel request, since we're aborting anyway.
-		 * Force InterruptHoldoffCount to a known state in case we elog'd
+		 * Force InterruptHoldoffCount to a known state in case we ereport'd
 		 * from inside a holdoff section.
 		 */
 		ImmediateInterruptOK = false;
@@ -2648,7 +2718,7 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 		RESUME_INTERRUPTS();
 	}
 
-	Warn_restart_ready = true;	/* we can now handle elog(ERROR) */
+	Warn_restart_ready = true;	/* we can now handle ereport(ERROR) */
 
 	PG_SETMASK(&UnBlockSig);
 
@@ -2826,7 +2896,7 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 					/* lost frontend connection during F message input */
 
 					/*
-					 * Reset whereToSendOutput to prevent elog from
+					 * Reset whereToSendOutput to prevent ereport from
 					 * attempting to send any more messages to client.
 					 */
 					if (whereToSendOutput == Remote)
@@ -2877,8 +2947,10 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 							}
 							break;
 						default:
-							elog(ERROR, "Invalid Close message subtype %d",
-								 close_type);
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+									 errmsg("invalid CLOSE message subtype %d",
+											close_type)));
 							break;
 					}
 
@@ -2905,8 +2977,10 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 							exec_describe_portal_message(describe_target);
 							break;
 						default:
-							elog(ERROR, "Invalid Describe message subtype %d",
-								 describe_type);
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+									 errmsg("invalid DESCRIBE message subtype %d",
+											describe_type)));
 							break;
 					}
 				}
@@ -2933,7 +3007,7 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 			case EOF:
 
 				/*
-				 * Reset whereToSendOutput to prevent elog from attempting
+				 * Reset whereToSendOutput to prevent ereport from attempting
 				 * to send any more messages to client.
 				 */
 				if (whereToSendOutput == Remote)
@@ -2959,7 +3033,10 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
 				break;
 
 			default:
-				elog(FATAL, "Socket command type %c unknown", firstchar);
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+						 errmsg("invalid frontend message type %d",
+								firstchar)));
 		}
 
 #ifdef MEMORY_CONTEXT_CHECKING
@@ -3088,7 +3165,9 @@ ShowUsage(const char *title)
 	if (str.data[str.len - 1] == '\n')
 		str.data[--str.len] = '\0';
 
-	elog(LOG, "%s\n%s", title, str.data);
+	ereport(LOG,
+			(errmsg_internal("%s", title),
+			 errdetail("%s", str.data)));
 
 	pfree(str.data);
 }

src/backend/tcop/pquery.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/pquery.c,v 1.66 2003/05/28 16:03:58 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/pquery.c,v 1.67 2003/07/22 19:00:12 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -341,8 +341,10 @@ PortalSetResultFormat(Portal portal, int nFormats, int16 *formats)
 	{
 		/* format specified for each column */
 		if (nFormats != natts)
-			elog(ERROR, "BIND message has %d result formats but query has %d columns",
-				 nFormats, natts);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg("bind message has %d result formats but query has %d columns",
+							nFormats, natts)));
 		memcpy(portal->formats, formats, natts * sizeof(int16));
 	} else if (nFormats > 0)
 	{
@@ -401,9 +403,13 @@ PortalRun(Portal portal, long count,
 	 * Check for improper portal use, and mark portal active.
 	 */
 	if (portal->portalDone)
-		elog(ERROR, "Portal \"%s\" cannot be run anymore", portal->name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("portal \"%s\" cannot be run anymore", portal->name)));
 	if (portal->portalActive)
-		elog(ERROR, "Portal \"%s\" already active", portal->name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("portal \"%s\" already active", portal->name)));
 	portal->portalActive = true;
 
 	/*
@@ -468,7 +474,8 @@ PortalRun(Portal portal, long count,
 			break;
 
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "PortalRun: bogus portal strategy");
+			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized portal strategy: %d",
+				 (int) portal->strategy);
 			result = false;		/* keep compiler quiet */
 			break;
 	}
@@ -577,8 +584,10 @@ PortalRunSelect(Portal portal,
 	else
 	{
 		if (portal->cursorOptions & CURSOR_OPT_NO_SCROLL)
-			elog(ERROR, "Cursor can only scan forward"
-				 "\n\tDeclare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan");
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+					 errmsg("cursor can only scan forward"),
+					 errhint("Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan.")));
 
 		if (portal->atStart || count <= 0)
 			direction = NoMovementScanDirection;
@@ -900,9 +909,13 @@ PortalRunFetch(Portal portal,
 	 * Check for improper portal use, and mark portal active.
 	 */
 	if (portal->portalDone)
-		elog(ERROR, "Portal \"%s\" cannot be run anymore", portal->name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("portal \"%s\" cannot be run anymore", portal->name)));
 	if (portal->portalActive)
-		elog(ERROR, "Portal \"%s\" already active", portal->name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("portal \"%s\" already active", portal->name)));
 	portal->portalActive = true;
 
 	/*
@@ -922,7 +935,7 @@ PortalRunFetch(Portal portal,
 			break;
 
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "PortalRunFetch: unsupported portal strategy");
+			elog(ERROR, "unsupported portal strategy");
 			result = 0;			/* keep compiler quiet */
 			break;
 	}
@@ -1053,7 +1066,7 @@ DoPortalRunFetch(Portal portal,
 			}
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "PortalRunFetch: bogus direction");
+			elog(ERROR, "bogus direction");
 			break;
 	}
 

src/backend/tcop/utility.c

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/utility.c,v 1.201 2003/06/27 14:45:30 petere Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/utility.c,v 1.202 2003/07/22 19:00:12 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -60,69 +60,90 @@
  * Error-checking support for DROP commands
  */
 
-struct kindstrings
+struct msgstrings
 {
 	char		kind;
-	char	   *indef_article;
-	char	   *name;
-	char	   *command;
+	int			nonexistent_code;
+	const char *nonexistent_msg;
+	const char *nota_msg;
+	const char *drophint_msg;
 };
 
-static struct kindstrings kindstringarray[] = {
-	{RELKIND_RELATION, "a", "table", "TABLE"},
-	{RELKIND_SEQUENCE, "a", "sequence", "SEQUENCE"},
-	{RELKIND_VIEW, "a", "view", "VIEW"},
-	{RELKIND_INDEX, "an", "index", "INDEX"},
-	{RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE, "a", "type", "TYPE"},
-	{'\0', "a", "???", "???"}
+static const struct msgstrings msgstringarray[] = {
+	{ RELKIND_RELATION,
+	  ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE,
+	  gettext_noop("table \"%s\" does not exist"),
+	  gettext_noop("\"%s\" is not a table"),
+	  gettext_noop("Use DROP TABLE to remove a table.") },
+	{ RELKIND_SEQUENCE,
+	  ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE,
+	  gettext_noop("sequence \"%s\" does not exist"),
+	  gettext_noop("\"%s\" is not a sequence"),
+	  gettext_noop("Use DROP SEQUENCE to remove a sequence.") },
+	{ RELKIND_VIEW,
+	  ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE,
+	  gettext_noop("view \"%s\" does not exist"),
+	  gettext_noop("\"%s\" is not a view"),
+	  gettext_noop("Use DROP VIEW to remove a view.") },
+	{ RELKIND_INDEX,
+	  ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT,
+	  gettext_noop("index \"%s\" does not exist"),
+	  gettext_noop("\"%s\" is not an index"),
+	  gettext_noop("Use DROP INDEX to remove an index.") },
+	{ RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE,
+	  ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT,
+	  gettext_noop("type \"%s\" does not exist"),
+	  gettext_noop("\"%s\" is not a type"),
+	  gettext_noop("Use DROP TYPE to remove a type.") },
+	{ '\0', 0, NULL, NULL, NULL }
 };
 
 
 static void
 DropErrorMsg(char *relname, char wrongkind, char rightkind)
 {
-	struct kindstrings *rentry;
-	struct kindstrings *wentry;
+	const struct msgstrings *rentry;
+	const struct msgstrings *wentry;
 
-	for (rentry = kindstringarray; rentry->kind != '\0'; rentry++)
+	for (rentry = msgstringarray; rentry->kind != '\0'; rentry++)
 		if (rentry->kind == rightkind)
 			break;
 	Assert(rentry->kind != '\0');
 
-	for (wentry = kindstringarray; wentry->kind != '\0'; wentry++)
+	for (wentry = msgstringarray; wentry->kind != '\0'; wentry++)
 		if (wentry->kind == wrongkind)
 			break;
 	/* wrongkind could be something we don't have in our table... */
-	if (wentry->kind != '\0')
-		elog(ERROR, "\"%s\" is not %s %s. Use DROP %s to remove %s %s",
-			 relname, rentry->indef_article, rentry->name,
-			 wentry->command, wentry->indef_article, wentry->name);
-	else
-		elog(ERROR, "\"%s\" is not %s %s",
-			 relname, rentry->indef_article, rentry->name);
+
+	ereport(ERROR,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
+			 errmsg(rentry->nota_msg, relname),
+			 (wentry->kind != '\0') ? errhint(wentry->drophint_msg) : 0));
 }
 
 static void
 CheckDropPermissions(RangeVar *rel, char rightkind)
 {
-	struct kindstrings *rentry;
+	const struct msgstrings *rentry;
 	Oid			relOid;
 	HeapTuple	tuple;
 	Form_pg_class classform;
 
-	for (rentry = kindstringarray; rentry->kind != '\0'; rentry++)
+	for (rentry = msgstringarray; rentry->kind != '\0'; rentry++)
 		if (rentry->kind == rightkind)
 			break;
 	Assert(rentry->kind != '\0');
 
 	relOid = RangeVarGetRelid(rel, true);
 	if (!OidIsValid(relOid))
-		elog(ERROR, "%s \"%s\" does not exist", rentry->name, rel->relname);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(rentry->nonexistent_code),
+				 errmsg(rentry->nonexistent_msg, rel->relname)));
 	tuple = SearchSysCache(RELOID,
 						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relOid),
 						   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "%s \"%s\" does not exist", rentry->name, rel->relname);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", relOid);
 
 	classform = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
 
@@ -135,14 +156,22 @@ CheckDropPermissions(RangeVar *rel, char rightkind)
 		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, rel->relname);
 
 	if (!allowSystemTableMods && IsSystemClass(classform))
-		elog(ERROR, "%s \"%s\" is a system %s",
-			 rentry->name, rel->relname, rentry->name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+				 errmsg("\"%s\" is a system catalog",
+						rel->relname)));
 
 	ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
 }
 
-static void
-CheckOwnership(RangeVar *rel, bool noCatalogs)
+/*
+ * Verify user has ownership of specified relation, else ereport.
+ *
+ * If noCatalogs is true then we also deny access to system catalogs,
+ * except when allowSystemTableMods is true.
+ */
+void
+CheckRelationOwnership(RangeVar *rel, bool noCatalogs)
 {
 	Oid			relOid;
 	HeapTuple	tuple;
@@ -151,8 +180,8 @@ CheckOwnership(RangeVar *rel, bool noCatalogs)
 	tuple = SearchSysCache(RELOID,
 						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relOid),
 						   0, 0, 0);
-	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "Relation \"%s\" does not exist", rel->relname);
+	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple)) /* should not happen */
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", relOid);
 
 	if (!pg_class_ownercheck(relOid, GetUserId()))
 		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, rel->relname);
@@ -161,8 +190,10 @@ CheckOwnership(RangeVar *rel, bool noCatalogs)
 	{
 		if (!allowSystemTableMods &&
 			IsSystemClass((Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tuple)))
-			elog(ERROR, "relation \"%s\" is a system catalog",
-				 rel->relname);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+					 errmsg("\"%s\" is a system catalog",
+							rel->relname)));
 	}
 
 	ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
@@ -222,10 +253,13 @@ check_xact_readonly(Node *parsetree)
 		case T_DropUserStmt:
 		case T_GrantStmt:
 		case T_TruncateStmt:
-			elog(ERROR, "transaction is read-only");
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_READ_ONLY_SQL_TRANSACTION),
+					 errmsg("transaction is read-only")));
 			break;
 		default:
-			/*nothing*/;
+			/* do nothing */
+			break;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -407,7 +441,9 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 							break;
 
 						default:
-							elog(ERROR, "invalid object type for DropStmt: %d", stmt->removeType);
+							elog(ERROR, "unrecognized drop object type: %d",
+								 (int) stmt->removeType);
+							break;
 					}
 
 					/*
@@ -551,7 +587,9 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 					case 'U':	/* ALTER OWNER */
 						/* check that we are the superuser */
 						if (!superuser())
-							elog(ERROR, "ALTER TABLE: permission denied");
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+									 errmsg("permission denied")));
 						/* get_usesysid raises an error if no such user */
 						AlterTableOwner(relid,
 										get_usesysid(stmt->name));
@@ -565,8 +603,8 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 											false);
 						break;
 					default:	/* oops */
-						elog(ERROR, "ProcessUtility: Invalid type for AlterTableStmt: %d",
-							 stmt->subtype);
+						elog(ERROR, "unrecognized alter table type: %d",
+							 (int) stmt->subtype);
 						break;
 				}
 			}
@@ -611,14 +649,16 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 					case 'U':	/* OWNER TO */
 						/* check that we are the superuser */
 						if (!superuser())
-							elog(ERROR, "ALTER DOMAIN: permission denied");
+							ereport(ERROR,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+									 errmsg("permission denied")));
 						/* get_usesysid raises an error if no such user */
 						AlterTypeOwner(stmt->typename,
 									   get_usesysid(stmt->name));
 						break;
 					default:	/* oops */
-						elog(ERROR, "ProcessUtility: Invalid type for AlterDomainStmt: %d",
-							 stmt->subtype);
+						elog(ERROR, "unrecognized alter domain type: %d",
+							 (int) stmt->subtype);
 						break;
 				}
 			}
@@ -650,7 +690,9 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 						DefineType(stmt->defnames, stmt->definition);
 						break;
 					default:
-						elog(ERROR, "invalid object type for DefineStmt: %d", stmt->kind);
+						elog(ERROR, "unrecognized define stmt type: %d",
+							 (int) stmt->kind);
+						break;
 				}
 			}
 			break;
@@ -679,7 +721,7 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 			{
 				IndexStmt  *stmt = (IndexStmt *) parsetree;
 
-				CheckOwnership(stmt->relation, true);
+				CheckRelationOwnership(stmt->relation, true);
 
 				DefineIndex(stmt->relation,		/* relation */
 							stmt->idxname,		/* index name */
@@ -865,7 +907,9 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 									stmt->behavior);
 						break;
 					default:
-						elog(ERROR, "invalid object type for DropPropertyStmt: %d", stmt->removeType);
+						elog(ERROR, "unrecognized object type: %d",
+							 (int) stmt->removeType);
+						break;
 				}
 			}
 			break;
@@ -926,7 +970,9 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 
 		case T_CheckPointStmt:
 			if (!superuser())
-				elog(ERROR, "CHECKPOINT: permission denied");
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+						 errmsg("permission denied")));
 			CreateCheckPoint(false, false);
 			break;
 
@@ -937,18 +983,20 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 				switch (stmt->kind)
 				{
 					case OBJECT_INDEX:
-						CheckOwnership(stmt->relation, false);
+						CheckRelationOwnership(stmt->relation, false);
 						ReindexIndex(stmt->relation, stmt->force);
 						break;
 					case OBJECT_TABLE:
-						CheckOwnership(stmt->relation, false);
+						CheckRelationOwnership(stmt->relation, false);
 						ReindexTable(stmt->relation, stmt->force);
 						break;
 					case OBJECT_DATABASE:
 						ReindexDatabase(stmt->name, stmt->force, false);
 						break;
 					default:
-						elog(ERROR, "invalid object type for ReindexStmt: %d", stmt->kind);
+						elog(ERROR, "unrecognized object type: %d",
+							 (int) stmt->kind);
+						break;
 				}
 				break;
 			}
@@ -975,8 +1023,8 @@ ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
 			break;
 
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "ProcessUtility: command #%d unsupported",
-				 nodeTag(parsetree));
+			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
+				 (int) nodeTag(parsetree));
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -1500,8 +1548,8 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
 			break;
 
 		default:
-			elog(LOG, "CreateCommandTag: unknown parse node type %d",
-				 nodeTag(parsetree));
+			elog(NOTICE, "unrecognized node type: %d",
+				 (int) nodeTag(parsetree));
 			tag = "???";
 			break;
 	}

src/backend/utils/error/elog.c

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c,v 1.113 2003/07/18 23:20:32 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c,v 1.114 2003/07/22 19:00:12 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -572,6 +572,42 @@ errcode_for_file_access(void)
 	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
 }
 
+/*
+ * errcode_for_socket_access --- add SQLSTATE error code to the current error
+ *
+ * The SQLSTATE code is chosen based on the saved errno value.  We assume
+ * that the failing operation was some type of socket access.
+ *
+ * NOTE: the primary error message string should generally include %m
+ * when this is used.
+ */
+int
+errcode_for_socket_access(void)
+{
+	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
+
+	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
+	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();
+
+	switch (edata->saved_errno)
+	{
+		/* Loss of connection */
+		case EPIPE:
+#ifdef ECONNRESET
+		case ECONNRESET:
+#endif
+			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_CONNECTION_FAILURE;
+			break;
+
+		/* All else is classified as internal errors */
+		default:
+			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
+}
+
 
 /*
  * This macro handles expansion of a format string and associated parameters;

src/include/tcop/utility.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
- * $Id: utility.h,v 1.18 2003/05/06 20:26:28 tgl Exp $
+ * $Id: utility.h,v 1.19 2003/07/22 19:00:12 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -25,4 +25,6 @@ extern TupleDesc UtilityTupleDescriptor(Node *parsetree);
 
 extern const char *CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree);
 
+extern void CheckRelationOwnership(RangeVar *rel, bool noCatalogs);
+
 #endif   /* UTILITY_H */

src/include/utils/elog.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
- * $Id: elog.h,v 1.53 2003/07/21 20:29:39 tgl Exp $
+ * $Id: elog.h,v 1.54 2003/07/22 19:00:12 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -155,6 +155,8 @@
 #define ERRCODE_UNTERMINATED_C_STRING		MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', '0','2','4')
 #define ERRCODE_ZERO_LENGTH_CHARACTER_STRING		MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', '0','0','F')
 #define ERRCODE_BAD_COPY_FILE_FORMAT		MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', 'P','0','1')
+#define ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', 'P','0','2')
+#define ERRCODE_FLOATING_POINT_EXCEPTION	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', 'P','0','3')
 
 /* Class 23 - Integrity Constraint Violation */
 #define ERRCODE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION		MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','3', '0','0','0')
@@ -178,6 +180,7 @@
 #define ERRCODE_READ_ONLY_SQL_TRANSACTION	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','5', '0','0','6')
 #define ERRCODE_SCHEMA_AND_DATA_STATEMENT_MIXING_NOT_SUPPORTED	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','5', '0','0','7')
 #define ERRCODE_NO_ACTIVE_SQL_TRANSACTION	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','5', 'P','0','1')
+#define ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','5', 'P','0','2')
 
 /* Class 26 - Invalid SQL Statement Name */
 /* (we take this to mean prepared statements) */
@@ -244,6 +247,7 @@
 #define ERRCODE_NAME_TOO_LONG				MAKE_SQLSTATE('4','2', '6','2','2')
 #define ERRCODE_RESERVED_NAME				MAKE_SQLSTATE('4','2', '9','3','9')
 #define ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH			MAKE_SQLSTATE('4','2', '8','0','4')
+#define ERRCODE_INDETERMINATE_DATATYPE		MAKE_SQLSTATE('4','2', 'P','1','8')
 #define ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE			MAKE_SQLSTATE('4','2', '8','0','9')
 /*
  * Note: for ERRCODE purposes, we divide namable objects into these categories:
@@ -314,11 +318,17 @@
 /* Class 57 - Operator Intervention (class borrowed from DB2) */
 #define ERRCODE_OPERATOR_INTERVENTION		MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','7', '0','0','0')
 #define ERRCODE_QUERY_CANCELED				MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','7', '0','1','4')
+#define ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN				MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','7', 'P','0','1')
+#define ERRCODE_CRASH_SHUTDOWN				MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','7', 'P','0','2')
+#define ERRCODE_CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW			MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','7', 'P','0','3')
 
 /* Class 58 - System Error (class borrowed from DB2) */
 /* (we define this as errors external to PostgreSQL itself) */
 #define ERRCODE_IO_ERROR					MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','8', '0','3','0')
 
+/* Class F0 - Configuration File Error (PostgreSQL-specific error class) */
+#define ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR			MAKE_SQLSTATE('F','0', '0','0','0')
+
 /* Class XX - Internal Error (PostgreSQL-specific error class) */
 /* (this is for "can't-happen" conditions and software bugs) */
 #define ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR				MAKE_SQLSTATE('X','X', '0','0','0')
@@ -361,6 +371,7 @@ extern void errfinish(int dummy, ...);
 extern int errcode(int sqlerrcode);
 
 extern int errcode_for_file_access(void);
+extern int errcode_for_socket_access(void);
 
 extern int errmsg(const char *fmt, ...)
 /* This extension allows gcc to check the format string for consistency with

src/test/regress/expected/portals.out

@@ -689,8 +689,8 @@ FETCH 1 FROM foo24;
 (1 row)
 
 FETCH BACKWARD 1 FROM foo24; -- should fail
-ERROR:  Cursor can only scan forward
-	Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan
+ERROR:  cursor can only scan forward
+HINT:  Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan.
 END;
 --
 -- Cursors outside transaction blocks