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Initial version of PG 9.1 release notes.

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<sect1 id="release-9-1">
<title>Release 9.1</title>
<note>
<title>Release Date</title>
<simpara>2011-??-??</simpara>
</note>
<sect2>
<title>Overview</title>
<para>
This release of
<productname>PostgreSQL</> adds ... Major enhancements include:
</para>
<!-- This list duplicates items below, but without authors or details-->
<para>
The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Migration to Version 9.1</title>
<para>
A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>,
or use of <application>pg_upgrade</application>, is required
for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
release.
</para>
<para>
Version 9.1 contains a number of changes that ...
Observe the following incompatibilities:
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Server Settings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Change pg_last_xlog_receive_location() so it never moves
backwards (Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
Previously pg_last_xlog_receive_location() could move backward
when streaming replication is restarted.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have logging of replication connections honor log_connections
(Magnus Hagander)
</para>
<para>
Previously replication connections were always logged.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Strings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Change the default value of standard_conforming_strings to on
(Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This removes a long-standing incompatibility with the SQL
standard; escape_string_warning has produced warnings about
this usage for years. E'' strings the proper way to embed
escapes in strings and is unaffected by this change.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Casting</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Disallow functional or attribute string data type casts for
composite types (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
For example, disallow composite_name.text and text(composite_name).
CAST and '::' are still available for casting.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Tighten casting checks for domains based on arrays (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
**Details?
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Arrays</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Change string_to_array to return an empty array for for a
zero-length string (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
Previously this returned NULL.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change string_to_array so a NULL separator splits the string
into characters (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
Previously this returned NULL.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Object Modification</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix improper checks for before/after triggers (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
**Tom, I need more details on the impact of this for existing
installs.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Require superuser or CREATEROLE permissions to set role
comments (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PL/pgSQL</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Change PL/pgSQL's RAISE command without parameters to be
catchable by the attached exception block (Piyush Newe)
</para>
<para>
Previously RAISE in a code block always scoped to an attached
exception block, so it was uncatchable at the same scope.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Adjust PL/pgsql's error line reporting code to be consistent
with SQL error line reporting (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
Previously error numbering was off by one.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Other Incompatibilities</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Have pg_stat_reset() reset all database-level statistics (Tom
Lane)
</para>
<para>
Some counters were not being reset.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix some information_schema.triggers column names to match
the new SQL-standard names (Dean Rasheed)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Treat ecpg cursor names as case-insensitive (Zoltan Boszormenyi)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changes, current as of 2011-03-15</title>
<para>
Version 9.1 has ...
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Server</title>
<sect4>
<title>Continuous Archiving and Streaming Replication</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a synchronous replication option (Simon Riggs, Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
This allows the primary to wait for the standby to receive
transaction information before acknowledging the commit.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add variable hot_standby_feedback to enable standbys to
communicate their needed snapshots to the primary (Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
This helps avoid cancelling long-running queries on the standby.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for sending file system backups to standbys using
the streaming replication network connection (Magnus Hagander,
Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
This avoids the requirement of manually transferring a file
system backup when creating a standby server.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add command-line tool pg_basebackup for creating a new standby
server or database backup (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new "replication" permission for roles (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
<para>
This is a read-only permission used for streaming replication
and allows non-super users to initiate replication connections.
Previously only super-users could initiate replication
connections; super-users have this permission by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect5>
<title>Monitoring</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add system view pg_stat_replication which displays activity
of WAL sender processes (Itagaki Takahiro, Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
This reports that status of all connected standby servers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add monitoring function pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp (Fujii
Masao)
</para>
<para>
This returns the time on the primary that generated the most
recently commit or abort record applied on the standby.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
<sect5>
<title>Recovery Control</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add functions to control streaming replication replay (Simon
Riggs)
</para>
<para>
The new functions are pg_xlog_replay_pause(),
pg_xlog_replay_resume(), and the status function
pg_is_xlog_replay_paused().
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add named restore points for recovery which can be specified
in recovery.conf (Jaime Casanova)
</para>
<para>
The function pg_create_restore_point() allows recovery targets
to be named for later designation during recovery.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add recovery.conf setting pause_at_recovery_target to pause
recovery at target (Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
This allows a recovery server to be queried to check if the
recovery point is the one desired.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow standby recovery to switch to a new timeline automatically
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
Now standby servers scan the archive directory for new
timelines periodically.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow recovery.conf to use the same quoting behavior as
postgresql.conf (Dimitri Fontaine)
</para>
<para>
Previously all values had to be quoted.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Performance</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow unlogged tables (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
These tables are optimized for performance but are cleared in
case of a server crash.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOIN in hash joins (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously hash joins could not be considered for outer joins;
this provides additional query optimization possibilities.
**What about LEFT joins?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Merge duplicate fsync requests on busy systems (Robert Haas,
Greg Smith)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve performance of commit_siblings (Greg Smith)
</para>
<para>
This allows the use of commit_siblings with fewer delays.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Optimizer</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow inheritance table queries to return meaningfully-sorted
results (Greg Stark, Hans-Jurgen Schonig, Robert Haas, Tom
Lane)
</para>
<para>
This allows optimization of ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses in
inheritance table queries.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow optimizations of MIN/MAX for inheritance table queries
(Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow hash joins for array values (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This provides additional query optimization possibilities.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve GIN index scan cost estimation (Teodor Sigaev)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Authentication</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Support host names and host suffixes (e.g. .example.com) in
pg_hba.conf (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Previously only host IP addresses and CIDR values were supported.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support they keyword 'all' in the host column of pg_hba.conf
(Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Previously people used '0.0.0.0/0' or '::/0' for this.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow GSSAPI to be used to authenticate to servers via SSPI
(Christian Ullrich)
</para>
<para>
Specifically this allows Unix-based GSSAPI clients to authenticate
to Windows SSPI servers.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Monitoring</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add details to the logging of restart points and checkpoints,
which is controlled by log_checkpoints (Fujii Masao, Greg
Smith)
</para>
<para>
New details show WAL file and sync activity.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add log_file_mode which controls the permissions on log files
created by the logging_collector (Martin Pihlak)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Statistical Views</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add client_hostname field to pg_stat_activity (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Previously only the client address was reported.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add pg_stat_xact_* statistic functions and views (Joel Jacobson)
</para>
<para>
This are like the database-wide statistics counter views but
reflect counts for only the current transaction.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the pg_stat_database_conflicts system view to show queries
that have been canceled and the reason (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
<para>
Cancelations can occur because of dropped tablespaces, lock
timeouts, old snapshots, pinned buffers, and deadlocks.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a "conflicts" count to pg_stat_database (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
<para>
This is the number of conflicts that occurred in the database.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add record of last reset for database and background writer-level
statistics (Tomas Vondra)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add columns showing the number of vacuum and analyze operations
in pg_stat_*_tables views (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new buffers_backend_fsync field to pg_stat_bgwriter (Greg
Smith)
</para>
<para>
This new field counts the number of times a backend fsyncs a
buffer.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Server Settings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow auto-tuning of wal_buffers (Greg Smith)
</para>
<para>
wal_buffers is now auto-tuned by default based on the size of
shared_buffers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add restart_after_crash which disables server restart after
a backend crash (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This is designed for cluster managers that want to control
restarts.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Queries</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow data-modification commands (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) in
WITH clauses (Marko Tiikkaja, Hitoshi Harada)
</para>
<para>
This allows INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE RETURNING in WITH clauses to
pass rows to outer queries.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow WITH clauses to be fed into INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
statements (Marko Tiikkaja, Hitoshi Harada)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, let SELECT query results be feed into INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE statements.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow non-GROUP BY columns in the query target list when the
primary key is specified in the GROUP BY clause (Peter
Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Some other database system already allowed this behavior, and
because of the primary key, the result is unambiguous..
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow the use of the keyword DISTINCT in UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT
clauses (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
DISTINCT is the default behavior so use of this keyword is
redundant.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Strings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add per-column collation support (Peter Eisentraut, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously collation could only be set at the database level.
Collation can now be set per column, domain, index, or
expression.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Object Manipulation</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for foreign tables (Shigeru Hanada, Robert Haas,
Jan Urbanski, Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
This allows data stored in foreign sources to be used like
native Postgres-stored data.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add ALTER TYPE ... ADD/DROP/ALTER/RENAME ATTRIBUTE (Peter
Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This allows modification of composite types.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><command>ALTER Object</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add RESTRICT/CASCADE to ALTER TYPE operations on typed tables
(Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This controls ADD/DROP/ALTER/RENAME ATTRIBUTE cascading
behavior.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for more object types in ALTER object ... SET SCHEMA commands (Dimitri Fontaine)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE"><command>CREATE TABLE</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS syntax (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This allows table creation without causing an error if the
table already exists.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add ALTER TABLE ADD UNIQUE/PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX (Gurjeet
Singh)
</para>
<para>
This allows existing unique indexes to be used as primary
keys, including indexes that were created concurrently.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow ALTER TABLE to add foreign keys without validation (Simon
Riggs)
</para>
<para>
The new option is called NOT VALID, which can later be modified
to VALIDATED and validation checks performed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow ALTER TABLE .. SET DATA TYPE to avoid table rewrites in
appropriate cases (Noah Misch, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
For example, converting a varchar column to text no longer
requires a rewrite of the table. **Length changes require
rewrite?
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Object Permissions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a SECURITY LABEL command (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
<para>
This allows security labels to be assigned to objects.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Utility Operations</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add true a serializable isolation level (Kevin Grittner, Dan
Ports)
</para>
<para>
Previously asking for serializable isolation level produced
snapshot isolation, which had certain documented anomalies.
The old snapshot isolation is still accessible by the requesting
repeatable read isolation level.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add transaction-level advisory locks (Marko Tiikkaja)
</para>
<para>
This is similar to the existing session-level advisory locks,
but are freed at transaction end.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make TRUNCATE ... RESTART IDENTITY restart sequences transactionally
(Steve Singer)
</para>
<para>
Previously the counter could have been left out of sync if a
backend crashed between the on-commit truncation activity and
commit completion.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add ENCODING option to COPY TO/FROM (Hitoshi Harada, Itagaki
Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
This allows the COPY file encoding to be specified separately
from client encoding.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add bidirectional COPY protocol support (Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
This is currently only used by streaming replication.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"><command>EXPLAIN</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Have EXPLAIN show the function call expression in VERBOSE
mode (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix EXPLAIN ANALYZE with rules to use the same snapshot behavior
as ordinary queries (Marko Tiikkaja)
</para>
<para>
Previously EXPLAIN ANALYZE used a slightly different snapshot
for queries involving rules.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add additional details to the output of VACUUM FULL VERBOSE
and CLUSTER VERBOSE (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
New information includes the live/dead tuple count and whether
CLUSTER is using an index to rebuild.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Prevent autovacuum from waiting if it cannot acquire a lock
(Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
It will try to vacuum later.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Indexes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add nearest-neighbor (order-by-operator) searching to GIST
indexes (Teodor Sigaev, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This allows GIST indexes to quickly return LIMIT-specified
closest values.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow GIN indexes to index null and empty values (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This allows full GIN index scans.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix GiST indexes to be fully crash-safe (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
Previously there were rare cases where a REINDEX would be
required (you would be informed).
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Data Types</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow numeric to use a more compact, 2-byte header in many
cases (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
Previously all numeric values had 4-byte headers; this saves
on disk storage.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow new values to be added to an existing enum type (Andrew
Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for dividing money by money (Andy Balholm)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Casting</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for casting between money and numeric (Andy Balholm)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow casting a table's row type to the table's supertype if
it's a typed table (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
**Needs description.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="functions-xml">XML</link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add XML function XMLEXISTS and xpath_exists() functions (Mike
Fowler)
</para>
<para>
This is used for xpath matching.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add XML functions xml_is_well_formed, xml_is_well_formed_document,
xml_is_well_formed_content (Mike Fowler)
</para>
<para>
These check whether the input is properly-formed XML.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Functions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new SQL function, format(text), which behaves like C's
printf() (Pavel Stehule, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
It currently supports formats for strings, SQL literals, and
SQL identifiers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add string functions: concat(), concat_ws(), left(), right(),
and reverse() (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
**Why were these added?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add function pg_read_binary_file() to read binary files
(Dimitri Fontaine, Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add single-parameter version of function pg_read_file() to
read an entire file (Dimitri Fontaine, Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add three-parameter forms of array_to_string and string_to_array
for NULL processing control (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Object Information Functions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add pg_describe_object function (Alvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
This function is used to obtain comments on objects. **Alvaro,
why is this useful for pg_depend?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Update comments for built-in operators and their underlying
functions (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add variable quote_all_identifiers to force the quoting of
all identifiers in EXPLAIN and system catalog functions like
pg_get_viewdef() (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This makes exporting schemas to tools and other databases with
different quoting rules easier.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add fields to the information_schema.sequences system view
(Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Previously, though the view existed, all of these view fields
were unimplemented.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow 'public' as a pseudo-role name in has_table_privilege()
and and related functions (Alvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
This allows checking for public permissions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add ERRCODE_T_R_DATABASE_DROPPED error code to report recovery
conflicts due to dropped databases (Tatsuo Ishii)
</para>
<para>
This is useful for connection pooling software.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Function and Trigger Creation</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow INSTEAD OF triggers on views (Dean Rasheed)
</para>
<para>
This feature can be used to implement updatable views.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Reduce lock levels for CREATE TRIGGER and some ALTER TABLE,
CREATE RULE actions (Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
This improves concurrency.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Server-Side Languages</title>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="plpgsql">PL/pgSQL</link> Server-Side Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add FOREACH IN ARRAY to plpgsql to allow array interation
(Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
This is more efficient than previous methods.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="plperl">PL/Perl</link> Server-Side Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow generic record arguments to plperl functions (Andrew
Dunstan)
</para>
<para>
**Andrew, I need details on this.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Convert PL/Perl input arguments to Perl arrays (Alexey Klyukin,
Alex Hunsaker)
</para>
<para>
String representations are still available.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Convert PL/Perl row and composite type arguments to Perl hashes
(Alexey Klyukin, Alex Hunsaker)
</para>
<para>
String representations are still available.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="plpython">PL/Python</link> Server-Side Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add table function support for PL/Python (Jan Urbanski)
</para>
<para>
PL/Python now can return multiple OUT parameters and record
sets.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add validator to PL/Python (Jan Urbanski)
</para>
<para>
This allows PL/Python functions to be validated at function
creation time.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow exceptions for SQL queries in PL/Python (Jan Urbanski)
</para>
<para>
This allows access to SQL-generated exception error codes from
PL/Python exception blocks.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow PL/Python to access SQLSTATE exception values (Jan
Urbanski)
</para>
<para>
**Is this the same as the item above?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add PL/Python explicit subtransactions (Jan Urbanski)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add PL/Python functions for quoting strings (Jan Urbanski)
</para>
<para>
The functions are plpy.quote_ident, plpy.quote_literal, and
plpy.quote_nullable.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Report PL/Python errors from iterators with PLy_elog (Jan
Urbanski)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Overhaul of PL/Python (Jan Urbanski)
</para>
<para>
This includes exception support for Python 3. **More?
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Client Applications</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Mark createlang/droplang as deprecated now that they use the
extension framework (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="APP-PSQL"><application>psql</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the \conninfo command to psql, to show current connection
information (David Christensen)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow psql's \e and \ef commands to accept a line number to
be used to position the cursor in the editor (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
This is passed to the editor using the EDITOR_LINENUMBER_SWITCH
environment variable.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add psql command \sf command to show a function's definition
(Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add system table ("S") option to psql \dn (schemas) (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
\dn without "S" now suppresses system schemas.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new psql \dL command \dL to list languages (Fernando Ike)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have psql set the client encoding from the operating system
locale by default (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
This only happens if the PGCLIENTENCODING environment variable
is not set.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow tab completion of psql variables (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
More psql tab completion support (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add pg_dump and pg_dumpall option --quote-all-identifiers to
force quoting of all identifiers (Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add 'directory' format to pg_dump (Joachim Wieland, Heikki
Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
This is internally similar to the 'tar' pg_dump format.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="APP-PG-CTL"><application>pg_ctl</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix pg_ctl so it no longer incorrectly reports that the server
is not running (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
<para>
Previously this could happen if the server was running but
pg_ctl could not authenticate.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve pg_ctl start's "wait" mode to handle non-standard port
numbers, non-standard unix-domain socket locations, permission
problems, and stale postmaster lock files (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add 'promote' option to pg_ctl to change a standby server to
primary (Fujii Masao)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title><application>Development Tools</></title>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a libpq connection option client_encoding which behaves
like the PGCLIENTENCODING environment variable (Heikki
Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
The value 'auto' sets the client encoding based on the operating
system locale.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add PQlibVersion() function which returns the libpq library
version (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
<para>
libpq already had PQserverVersion() which returns the server
version.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow libpq database clients to use Unix-domain sockets to
check the user name of the server process using requirepeer
(Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
PostgreSQL already allowed servers to determine the client
user name via Unix-domain sockets.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add PQping and PQpingParams to libpq (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
The allow detection of the server's status without creating
a new session.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Build Options</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add extensions which allow packaged additions to Postgres
(Dimitri Fontaine, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This is controlled by the new CREATE/ALTER/DROP EXTENSION
command; this replaces a more manual method of adding features
to PostgreSQL.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Makefiles</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Require GNU make 3.80 or newer (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improved parallel make support (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This allows for faster compiles. Also, make -k and make -q
now work properly. **When was recursive make supported?
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Windows</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
On Windows, allow pg_ctl to register the service as auto-start
or start-on-demand (Quan Zongliang)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for collecting crash dumps on Windows (Craig
Ringer, Magnus Hagander)
</para>
<para>
<productname>minidumps</> can now be generated by non-debug
Windows binaries and analyzed by standard debugging tools.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable building with the Mingw64 compiler (Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
<para>
This allows building 64-bit Windows binaries even on non-Windows
platforms with cross-compiling.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Source Code</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add latches to the source code to wait for events (Heikki
Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Centralize DML permissions-checking logic (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add missing get_{object}_oid functions, for consistency
(Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve ability to use C++ compilers for backend compiles by
removing conflicting keywords (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for DragonFly BSD (Rumko)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Expose quote_literal_cstr() for backend use (Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Run regression tests in the default encoding (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Regression tests were previously always run with SQL_ASCII
encoding.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add src/tools/git_changelog to replace cvs2cl and pgcvslog
(Robert Haas, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add git-external-diff script to src/tools (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
<para>
This is used to generate context diffs from git.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Server Hooks</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add source code hooks to check permissions (Robert Haas,
Stephen Frost)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add post-object-creation function hooks for use by security
frameworks (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a client authentication hook (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Contrib</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Modify /contrib modules and stored procedure languages to
install via the new extension mechanism (Tom Lane, Dimitri
Fontaine)
</para>
<para>
This replaces a more manual method of installation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add contrib/file_fdw foreign-data wrapper for reading files
via COPY (Shigeru Hanada)
</para>
<para>
This adds foreign table support for flat-file.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add nearest-neighbor support to contrib/pg_trgm and
contrib/btree_gist (Teodor Sigaev)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add contrib/btree_gist support for searching on "not equals"
(Jeff Davis)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow contrib/fuzzystrmatch's levenshtein() function handle
multi-byte characters (Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add ssl_cipher() and ssl_version() functions to contrib/sslinfo
(Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix contrib/intarray and contrib/hstore to give consistent
results with indexed empty arrays (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously a empty-array query that used an index might return
different results from one that used a sequential scan.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
In contrib/xml2, remove arbitrary limit on the number of
parameter=value pairs that can be handled by xslt_process()
(Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
The previous limit was 20.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Security</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add contrib/sepgsql to interface permission checks with SE-Linux
(KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
<para>
This uses the new SECURITY LABEL facility.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New contrib module, auth_delay (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
<para>
This causes the server to pause before returning authentication
failure; it is designed to make brute force password attacks
more difficult.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add dummy_seclabel contrib module (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
<para>
This is used for permission regression testing.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Performance</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for LIKE and ILIKE index searches to contrib/pg_trgm
(Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add levenshtein_less_equal function, which is optimized for
small distances (Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve performance of index lookups on contrib/seg columns
(Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
<para>
**Confirm this does not affect pg_upgrade
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve performance of pg_upgrade for databases with many
relations (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add flag to pgbench to report per-statement latencies (Florian
Pflug)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Fsync Testing</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Move src/tools/test_fsync to contrib/pg_test_fsync (Bruce
Momjian, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add O_DIRECT support to contrib/pg_test_fsync (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
<para>
This matches the use of O_DIRECT by wal_sync_method.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new tests to contrib/pg_test_fsync (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Documentation</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Extensive ECPG documentation improvements (Satoshi Nagayasu)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add documentation for exit_on_error (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This parameter causes sessions to exit on any error.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add documentation for pg_options_to_table() (Josh Berkus)
</para>
<para>
This parameter shows table storage options.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Document that it is possible to access all composite fields
using (compositeval).* syntax (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
**Is this syntax new in 9.1?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Document that translate() removes characters in "from" that
don't have a corresponding "to" character (Josh Kupershmidt)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Merge docs for CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER and CREATE TRIGGER
(Alvaro Herrera)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Centralize permission and upgrade documentation (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add kernel tuning docs for Solaris 10 (Josh Berkus)
</para>
<para>
Previously only Solaris 9 kernel tuning was documented.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<!-- This is (hopefully) up-to-date with commits through 2011-03-08 -->
<sect1 id="release-9-1-alpha">
<sect1 id="release-9-1-alpha">
<title>Release 9.1alpha4</title>
<sect2>
<title>Overview</title>
<para>
PostgreSQL alpha releases are snapshots of development code. They
are intended to preview and test upcoming features and to provide
the possibility for early feedback. They should not be used in
production installations or active development projects. While the
PostgreSQL code is continuously subject to a number of automated
and manual tests, alpha releases might have serious bugs. Also
features may be changed incompatibly or removed at any time during
the development cycle.
PostgreSQL alpha releases are snapshots of development code.
They are intended to preview and test upcoming features and to
provide the possibility for early feedback. They should not be
used in production installations or active development projects.
While the PostgreSQL code is continuously subject to a number
of automated and manual tests, alpha releases might have serious
bugs. Also features may be changed incompatibly or removed at
any time during the development cycle.
</para>
<para>
The development cycle of a PostgreSQL major release alternates
......@@ -1362,4 +3556,5 @@
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</sect1>
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