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Postgres FD Implementation
Commit 99f289de authored by Bruce Momjian's avatar Bruce Momjian
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Update TODO list.

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doc/TODO
View file @ 99f289de
TODO list for PostgreSQL
========================
Last updated: Sat Sep 18 16:37:37 EDT 1999
Last updated: Tue Sep 21 15:54:14 EDT 1999
Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (maillist@candle.pha.pa.us)
......@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ PARSER
INSERT INTO inherit_table (unique_index_col) VALUES (dup) should fail
* CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2 fails
* CREATE TABLE test(col char(2) DEFAULT user) fails in length restriction
* mismatched types in CREATE TABLE ... DEFAULT causes problems
(see TODO.detail/default)
* SELECT ... UNION ... ORDER BY fails when sort expr not in result list
* Be smarter about promoting types when UNION merges different data types
* SELECT ... UNION ... GROUP BY fails if column types disagree
......@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@ INDEXES
COMMANDS
* ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN to inherited table put column in wrong place
(see TODO.detail/inherit)
* Add ALTER TABLE DROP/ALTER COLUMN feature
* Allow CLUSTER on all tables at once, and improve CLUSTER
* Generate error on CREATE OPERATOR of ~~, ~ and and ~*
......@@ -135,9 +138,9 @@ COMMANDS
* Auto-destroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL(Ryan)
* Allow LOCK TABLE tab1, tab2, tab3 so all tables locked in unison
* Allow INSERT/UPDATE of system-generated oid value for a row
* Allow ESCAPE '\' at the end of LIKE for ANSI compliance
* Allow ESCAPE '\' at the end of LIKE for ANSI compliance(see TODO.detail/like)
* Rewrite the LIKE handling by rewriting the user string with the
supplied ESCAPE
supplied ESCAPE(see TODO.detail/like)
* Move LIKE index optimization handling to the optimizer
* Allow RULE recompilation
* Support UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT in sub-selects
......@@ -181,7 +184,8 @@ MISC
* Put sort files, large objects in their own directory
* Do autocommit so always in a transaction block(?)
* Show location of syntax error in query (see TODO.detail/yacc)
* Redesign the function call interface to handle NULLs better(Jan)
* Redesign the function call interface to handle NULLs better
(see TODO.detail/function)
* Document/trigger/rule so changes to pg_shadow recreate pg_pwd
(see TODO.detail/pg_shadow)
* Missing optimizer selectivities for date, r-tree, etc.
......@@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ MISC
allocation(see TODO.detail/memory)
* fix memory leak in cache code when non-existant table is referenced
* In WHERE tab1.x=3 AND tab1.x=tab2.y, add tab2.y=3
* pass atttypmod through parser in more cases(Bruce)
* pass atttypmod through parser in more cases(see TODO.detail/atttypmod)
* remove duplicate type in/out functions for disk and net
* change VACUUM ANALYZE to use btree comparison functions, not <,=,> calls
* Allow persistent backends(see TODO.detail/persistent)
......
doc/TODO.detail/alpha
View file @ 99f289de
......@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Fri May 14 16:00:46 1999
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......
doc/TODO.detail/arrays
View file @ 99f289de
......@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Wed Nov 25 19:01:02 1998
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......
doc/TODO.detail/atttypmod 0 → 100644
View file @ 99f289de
From tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us Sun May 23 12:32:34 1999
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To: Bruce Momjian <maillist@candle.pha.pa.us>
cc: PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgreSQL.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] DEFAULT fixed
In-reply-to: Your message of Sat, 22 May 1999 21:12:19 -0400 (EDT)
<199905230112.VAA13489@candle.pha.pa.us>
Date: Sun, 23 May 1999 12:32:01 -0400
Message-ID: <19923.927477121@sss.pgh.pa.us>
From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Status: ROr
Bruce Momjian <maillist@candle.pha.pa.us> writes:
>> It might be best to just bite the bullet and make the parser carry
>> around both the type's OID and typmod at all times.
> I will try to add it, but I must not that there are some cases where I
> don't have access to the atttypmod of the result, so it may not be
> possible to do it in every case. Perhaps I should just leave this for
> post 6.5, because we don't have any other bug reports on it.
After further thought, I think this may be a more difficult and subtle
issue than we've realized. In the current state of the system, there
are many places where you have a value that you can only know the type
OID for, not atttypmod --- specifically, any intermediate expression
result. Barring reworking the entire function-call mechanism to pass
atttypmod around, that's not going to be possible to change.
The only context where you really know atttypmod is where you have
just fetched a value out of a table column or are about to store a
value into a table column. When storing, you need to be prepared to
coerce the given value to the right type if *either* type OID or
atttypmod is different --- but, in general, you don't know atttypmod
for the given value. (In the cases I know of, you can deduce it by
examining the value itself, but this requires type-specific knowledge.)
So on the whole I think this is something that has to be dealt with
at the point of storing data into a tuple. Maybe we need a new
fundamental operation for types that pay attention to atttypmod:
"make this value match the typmod of the target column, which is
thus-and-so". Trying to attack the problem from the source side by
propagating typmod all around the parser is probably doomed to failure,
because there will be many contexts where there's no way to know it.
Since you have a fix for the only symptom reported to date, I'm
inclined to agree that we should leave well enough alone for now;
there are other, bigger, problems that we need to address for 6.5.
But I think we'll have to come back to this issue later.
regards, tom lane
doc/TODO.detail/cnfify
View file @ 99f289de
......@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ From andreas.zeugswetter@telecom.at Mon Aug 31 06:31:13 1998
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......@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ From bga@mug.org Tue Sep 8 03:39:37 1998
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......@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-general@hub.org Thu Oct 1 14:00:57 1998
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......@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Fri Oct 2 19:28:09 1998
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......@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Sat Oct 3 23:32:35 1998
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......@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ From taral@mail.utexas.edu Sat Oct 3 22:43:41 1998
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......@@ -1387,7 +1387,7 @@ From daveh@insightdist.com Mon Nov 9 13:31:07 1998
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......
doc/TODO.detail/default 0 → 100644
View file @ 99f289de
From tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us Sun May 23 18:59:22 1999
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To: Bruce Momjian <maillist@candle.pha.pa.us>
cc: PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgreSQL.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] DEFAULT fixed
In-reply-to: Your message of Sat, 22 May 1999 21:12:19 -0400 (EDT)
<199905230112.VAA13489@candle.pha.pa.us>
Date: Sun, 23 May 1999 18:58:52 -0400
Message-ID: <27950.927500332@sss.pgh.pa.us>
From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Status: ROr
Actually, it's not as fixed as all that...
create table foo1 (a char(5) default '', b int4);
insert into foo1 (b) values (334);
select * from foo1;
a | b
-----+---
|334
(1 row)
Good, the basic case is fixed, but:
create table foo2 (a char(5) default text '', b int4);
insert into foo2 (b) values (334);
select * from foo2;
a| b
-+--
|16
(1 row)
Ooops.
What you seem to have done is twiddle the handling of DEFAULT clauses
so that the value stored for the default expression is pre-coerced to the
column type. That's good as far as it goes, but it fails in cases where
the stored value has to be of a different type.
My guess is that what *really* ought to happen here is that
transformInsertStmt should check the type of the value it's gotten from
the default clause and apply coerce_type if necessary.
Unless someone can come up with a less artificial example than the one
above, I'm inclined to leave it alone for 6.5. This is the same code
area that will have to be redone to fix the INSERT ... SELECT problem
I was chasing earlier today: coercion of the values produced by SELECT
will have to wait until the tail end of transformInsertStmt, and we
might as well make wrong-type default constants get fixed in the same
place. So I'm not eager to write some throwaway code to patch a problem
that no one is likely to see in practice. What's your feeling about it?
regards, tom lane
doc/TODO.detail/flock
View file @ 99f289de
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doc/TODO.detail/fsync
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......
doc/TODO.detail/function 0 → 100644
View file @ 99f289de
From tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us Mon Jun 14 20:50:41 1999
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To: Bruce Momjian <maillist@candle.pha.pa.us>
cc: Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de, olly@lfix.co.uk,
PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgreSQL.org>
Subject: Cleaning up function interface (was Re: Patch for m68k architecture)
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 14 Jun 1999 17:53:25 -0400 (EDT)
<199906142153.RAA16276@candle.pha.pa.us>
Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1999 20:51:06 -0400
Message-ID: <21504.929407866@sss.pgh.pa.us>
From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Status: RO
Bruce Momjian <maillist@candle.pha.pa.us> writes:
>> ANSI C says results are undefined if you call a function via pointer
>> and the pointer is declared to return another type than the function
>> actually returns. So m68k compilers conform to the standard here.
> Yes, we admit that we break the standard with fmgr_ptr, because we
> return a variety of values depending on what function they call. It
> appears the egcs optimization on the powerpc or alpha cause a problem
> when optimization is -O2, but not -O. We may see more platforms with
> problems as optimizers get smarter.
Seeing as how we also know that the function-call interface ought to be
redesigned to handle NULLs better, maybe we should just bite the bullet
and fix all of these problems at once by adopting a new standard
interface for everything that can be called via fmgr. It'd uglify the
code, no doubt, but I think we are starting to see an accumulation of
problems that justify doing something.
Here is a straw-man proposal:
Datum function (bool *resultnull,
Datum *args,
bool *argnull,
int nargs)
args[i] is the i'th parameter, or undefined (perhaps always 0?)
when argnull[i] is true. The function is responsible for setting
*resultnull, and returns a Datum value if *resultnull is false.
Most standard functions could ignore nargs since they'd know what it
should be, but we ought to pass it for flexibility.
A useful addition to this scheme would be for fmgr to preset *resultnull
to the OR of the input argnull[] array just before calling the function.
In the typical case where the function is "strict" (ie, result is NULL
if any input is NULL), this would save the function from having to look
at argnull[] at all; it'd just check *resultnull and immediately return
if true.
As an example, int4 addition goes from
int32
int4pl(int32 arg1, int32 arg2)
{
return arg1 + arg2;
}
to
Datum
int4pl (bool *resultnull, Datum *args, bool *argnull, int nargs)
{
if (*resultnull)
return (Datum) 0; /* value doesn't really matter ... */
/* we can ignore argnull and nargs */
return Int32GetDatum(DatumGetInt32(args[0]) + DatumGetInt32(args[1]));
}
This is, of course, much uglier than the existing code, but we might be
able to improve matters with some well-chosen macros for the boilerplate
parts. What we actually end up writing might look something like
Datum
int4pl (PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
PG_STRICT_FUNCTION( /* encapsulates null check */
PG_ARG0_INT32;
PG_ARG1_INT32;
PG_RESULT_INT32( arg0 + arg1 );
);
}
where the macros expand to things like "int32 arg0 = DatumGetInt32(args[0])"
and "return Int32GetDatum( x )". It'd be worth a little thought to
try to set up a group of macros like that, I think.
regards, tom lane
doc/TODO.detail/inherit 0 → 100644
View file @ 99f289de
From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Tue Jun 1 22:31:18 1999
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Date: Wed, 02 Jun 1999 10:50:11 +1000
From: Chris Bitmead <chris.bitmead@bigfoot.com>
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To: pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN
References: <199906011436.KAA23479@candle.pha.pa.us>
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Bruce Momjian wrote:
> Our TODO now has:
>
> * ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN to inherited table put column in wrong place
>
> I don't think any of us understand the issues on this one.
Let me guess at the problem. When you add a column, it doesn't change
all the records, therefore the column must be added at the end. This
means that the columns will not be in the same order as if you had
created them from scratch.
There seem to be three solutions:
a) Go to a much more sophisticated schema system, with versions and
version numbers (fairly hard but desirable to fix other schema change
problems). Then insert the column in the position it is supposed to be
in.
b) Fix the copy command to input and output the columns, not in the
order they are in, but in the order they would be in on re-creation.
c) make the copy command take arguments specifying the field names, like
INSERT can do.
I think it would be good if Postgres had all 3 features. Probably (b) is
the least work.
doc/TODO.detail/like 0 → 100644
View file @ 99f289de
From zalman@netcom.com Tue Mar 16 18:01:18 1999
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From: Zalman Stern <zalman@netcom.com>
Message-Id: <199903162255.OAA28174@netcom15.netcom.com>
Subject: Re: [SQL] How match percent sign in SELECT using LIKE?
To: maillist@candle.pha.pa.us (Bruce Momjian)
Date: Tue, 16 Mar 1999 14:55:33 -0800 (PST)
Cc: zalman@netcom.com, herouth@oumail.openu.ac.il, pgsql-sql@postgreSQL.org
In-Reply-To: <199903162226.RAA20904@candle.pha.pa.us> from "Bruce Momjian" at Mar 16, 99 05:26:09 pm
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Bruce Momjian wrote:
> That is also an excellent idea. Just convert their escape to \ inside
> the parser. Of course, they still have to use \\ to get a \, as in any
> string. Great idea.
You can even make it fully compliant if you want. (There are of course
backward compatibility problems. I'm not sure what the Postgres policy is
on this.)
- If the escape character is backslash, do nothing.
- Otherwise, turn all backslashes in the string to double backslashes.
- If the escape character is not set, stop here.
- Turn all occurences of the escape character into a backslash except
where the escape character is doubled, where it should be made into a
single occurence.
(Optionally, if "\n" is just an 'n' character, you can handle double
occurences of the escape character by turning the first one into a
backslash.)
Probably the best bet for PostgreSQL programmers is to always code Like
clauses with an ESCAPE '\' (or however its written).
I really wish they'd chosen a character other than underscore for the
"match one" wildcard... Is there any standard practice for seperating words
in table names?
-Z-
doc/TODO.detail/limit
View file @ 99f289de
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......@@ -2417,7 +2417,7 @@ From wieck@sapserv.debis.de Fri Oct 16 05:01:03 1998
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......@@ -2493,7 +2493,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Fri Oct 16 12:02:27 1998
Received: from renoir.op.net (root@renoir.op.net [209.152.193.4])
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......@@ -2702,7 +2702,7 @@ From oleg@sai.msu.su Sun Oct 18 14:01:49 1998
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......@@ -2773,7 +2773,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Sun Oct 18 14:31:12 1998
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......@@ -2949,7 +2949,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Sun Oct 18 19:08:47 1998
Received: from renoir.op.net (root@renoir.op.net [209.152.193.4])
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......@@ -3045,7 +3045,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Sun Oct 18 19:08:39 1998
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......@@ -3261,7 +3261,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Mon Oct 19 07:31:10 1998
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......@@ -3344,7 +3344,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Tue Oct 20 06:01:49 1998
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......@@ -3936,7 +3936,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Thu Oct 22 11:33:41 1998
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......@@ -4089,7 +4089,7 @@ From wieck@sapserv.debis.de Thu Oct 22 11:01:05 1998
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......@@ -4891,7 +4891,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Thu Oct 22 13:12:34 1998
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......
doc/TODO.detail/logging
View file @ 99f289de
......@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Wed Dec 16 15:46:41 1998
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......
doc/TODO.detail/memory
View file @ 99f289de
......@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Thu Nov 26 08:31:13 1998
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......@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Sat Mar 20 12:01:44 1999
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......@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ From tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us Sun Mar 21 16:01:46 1999
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......@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Sun Mar 21 16:01:49 1999
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......@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Wed Mar 24 19:10:53 1999
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......
doc/TODO.detail/nulls
View file @ 99f289de
......@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-general@hub.org Sun Oct 11 17:31:08 1998
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......
doc/TODO.detail/optimizer
View file @ 99f289de
......@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Mon Mar 22 18:43:41 1999
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......@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Mon Mar 22 20:31:11 1999
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......@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Mon Mar 22 23:31:00 1999
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......@@ -157,3 +157,551 @@ valid attnum from pg_index->indkey -:(
Vadim
From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Tue Sep 21 05:31:11 1999
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Message-Id: <m11TLQP-0003kLC@orion.SAPserv.Hamburg.dsh.de>
From: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
Subject: [HACKERS] Re: Referential Integrity In PostgreSQL
To: pgsql-hackers@postgreSQL.org (PostgreSQL HACKERS)
Date: Tue, 21 Sep 1999 10:37:21 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
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>
> Hi , Jan
>
> my name is Max .
Hi Max,
>
> I have contributed to SPI interface ,
> that with external Trigger try to make
> a referential integrity.
>
> If I can Help , in something ,
> I'm here .
>
You're welcome.
I've CC'd the hackers list because we might get some ideas
from there too (and to surface once in a while - Bruce
already missed me).
Currently I'm very busy for serious work so I don't find
enough spare time to start on such a big change to
PostgreSQL. But I'd like to give you an overview of what I
have in mind so far so you can decide if you're able to help.
Referential integrity (RI) is based on constraints defined in
the schema of a database. There are some different types of
constraints:
1. Uniqueness constraints.
2. Foreign key constraints that ensure that a key value used
in an attribute exists in another relation. One
constraint must ensure you're unable to INSERT/UPDATE to
a value that doesn't exist, another one must prevent
DELETE on a referenced key item or that it is changed
during UPDATE.
3. Cascading deletes that let rows referring to a key follow
on DELETE silently.
Even if not defined in the standard (AFAIK) there could be
others like letting references automatically follow on UPDATE
to a key value.
All constraints can be enabled and/or default to be deferred.
That means, that the RI checks aren't performed when they are
triggerd. Instead, they're checked at transaction end or if
explicitly invoked by some special statement. This is really
important because someone must be able to setup cyclic RI
checks that could never be satisfied if the checks would be
performed immediately. The major problem on this is the
amount of data affected until the checks must be performed.
The number of statements executed, that trigger such deferred
constraints, shouldn't be limited. And one single
INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE could affect thousands of rows.
Due to these problems I thought, it might not be such a good
idea to remember CTID's or the like to get back OLD/NEW rows
at the time the constraints are checked. Instead I planned to
misuse the rule system for it. Unfortunately, the rule system
has damned tricky problems itself when it comes to having-,
distinct and other clauses and extremely on aggregates and
subselects. These problems would have to get fixed first. So
it's a solution that cannot be implemented right now.
Fallback to CTID remembering though. There are problems too
:-(. Let's enhance the trigger mechanism with a deferred
feature. First this requires two additional bool attributes
in the pg_trigger relation that tell if this trigger is
deferrable and if it is deferred by default. While at it we
should add another bool that tells if the trigger is enabled
(ALTER TRIGGER {ENABLE|DISABLE} trigger).
Second we need an internal list of triggers, that are
currently DEFINED AS DEFERRED. Either because they default to
it, or the user explicitly asked to deferr it.
Third we need an internal list of triggers that must be
invoked later because at the time an event occured where they
should have been triggered, they appeared in the other list
and their execution is delayed until transaction end or
explicit execution. This list must remember the OID of the
trigger to invoke (to identify the procedure and the
arguments), the relation that caused the trigger and the
CTID's of the OLD and NEW row.
That last list could grow extremely! Think of a trigger
that's executing commands over SPI which in turn activate
deferred triggers. Since the order of trigger execution is
very important for RI, I can't see any chance to
simplify/condense this information. Thus it is 16 bytes at
least per deferred trigger call (2 OID's plus 2 CTID's). I
think one or more temp files would fit best for this.
A last tricky point is if one of a bunch of deferred triggers
is explicitly called for execution. At this time, the entries
for it in the temp file(s) must get processed and marked
executed (maybe by overwriting the triggers OID with the
invalid OID) while other trigger events still have to get
recorded.
Needless to say that reading thousands of those entries just
to find a few isn't good on performance. But better have this
special case slow that dealing with hundreds of temp files or
other overhead slowing down the usual case where ALL deferred
triggers get called at transaction end.
Trigger invocation is simple now - fetch the OLD and NEW rows
by CTID and execute the trigger as done by the trigger
manager. Oh - well - vacuum shouldn't touch relations where
deferred triggers are outstanding. Might require some
special lock entry - Vadim?
Did I miss something?
Jan
--
#======================================================================#
# It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong than for being right. #
# Let's break this rule - forgive me. #
#========================================= wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck) #
************
From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Tue Sep 21 08:31:03 1999
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Message-Id: <m11TOGd-0003kwC@orion.SAPserv.Hamburg.dsh.de>
From: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Re: Referential Integrity In PostgreSQL
To: andreas.zeugswetter@telecom.at (Andreas Zeugswetter)
Date: Tue, 21 Sep 1999 13:39:27 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: hackers@postgresql.org
Reply-To: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
In-Reply-To: <37E74EB9.44F9766E@telecom.at> from "Andreas Zeugswetter" at Sep 21, 99 11:24:09 am
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>
> > Oh - well - vacuum shouldn't touch relations where
> > deferred triggers are outstanding. Might require some
> > special lock entry - Vadim?
>
> All modified data will be in this same still open transaction.
> Therefore no relevant data can be removed by vacuum anyway.
I expect this, but I really need to be sure that not even the
location of the tuple in the heap will change. I need to find
the tuples at the time the deferred triggers must be executed
via heap_fetch() by their CTID!
>
> It is my understanding, that the RI check is performed on the newest
> available (committed) data (+ modified data from my own tx).
> E.g. a primary key that has been removed by another transaction after
> my begin work will lead to an RI violation if referenced as foreign key.
Absolutely right. The function that will fire the deferred
triggers must switch to READ COMMITTED isolevel while doing
so.
What I'm not sure about is which snapshot to use to get the
OLD tuples (outdated in this transaction by a previous
command). Vadim?
Jan
--
#======================================================================#
# It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong than for being right. #
# Let's break this rule - forgive me. #
#========================================= wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck) #
************
From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Tue Sep 21 10:45:40 1999
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Date: Tue, 21 Sep 1999 22:33:20 +0800
From: Vadim Mikheev <vadim@krs.ru>
Organization: OJSC Rostelecom (Krasnoyarsk)
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To: Jan Wieck <wieck@debis.com>
CC: Andreas Zeugswetter <andreas.zeugswetter@telecom.at>,
hackers@postgreSQL.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Re: Referential Integrity In PostgreSQL
References: <m11TOGd-0003kwC@orion.SAPserv.Hamburg.dsh.de>
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Jan Wieck wrote:
>
> > It is my understanding, that the RI check is performed on the newest
> > available (committed) data (+ modified data from my own tx).
> > E.g. a primary key that has been removed by another transaction after
> > my begin work will lead to an RI violation if referenced as foreign key.
>
> Absolutely right. The function that will fire the deferred
> triggers must switch to READ COMMITTED isolevel while doing
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> so.
NO!
What if one transaction deleted PK, another one inserted FK
and now both performe RI check? Both transactions _must_
use DIRTY READs to notice that RI violated by another
in-progress transaction and wait for concurrent transaction...
BTW, using triggers to check _each_ modified tuple
(i.e. run Executor for each modified tuple) is bad for
performance. We could implement direct support for
standard RI constraints.
Using rules (statement level triggers) for INSERT...SELECT,
UPDATE and DELETE queries would be nice! Actually, RI constraint
checks need in very simple queries (i.e. without distinct etc)
and the only we would have to do is
> What I'm not sure about is which snapshot to use to get the
> OLD tuples (outdated in this transaction by a previous
> command). Vadim?
1. Add CommandId to Snapshot.
2. Use Snapshot->CommandId instead of global CurrentScanCommandId.
3. Use Snapshots with different CommandId-s to get OLD/NEW
versions.
But I agreed that the size of parsetrees may be big and for
COPY...FROM/INSERTs we should remember IDs of modified
tuples. Well. Please remember that I implement WAL right
now, already have 1000 lines of code and hope to run first
tests after writing additional ~200 lines -:)
We could read modified tuple IDs from WAL...
Vadim
************
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From: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Re: Referential Integrity In PostgreSQL
To: vadim@krs.ru (Vadim Mikheev)
Date: Tue, 21 Sep 1999 16:55:33 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: wieck@debis.com, andreas.zeugswetter@telecom.at, hackers@postgreSQL.org
Reply-To: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
In-Reply-To: <37E79730.CC415030@krs.ru> from "Vadim Mikheev" at Sep 21, 99 10:33:20 pm
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>
> Jan Wieck wrote:
> >
> > > It is my understanding, that the RI check is performed on the newest
> > > available (committed) data (+ modified data from my own tx).
> > > E.g. a primary key that has been removed by another transaction after
> > > my begin work will lead to an RI violation if referenced as foreign key.
> >
> > Absolutely right. The function that will fire the deferred
> > triggers must switch to READ COMMITTED isolevel while doing
> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> > so.
>
> NO!
> What if one transaction deleted PK, another one inserted FK
> and now both performe RI check? Both transactions _must_
> use DIRTY READs to notice that RI violated by another
> in-progress transaction and wait for concurrent transaction...
Oh - I see - yes.
>
> BTW, using triggers to check _each_ modified tuple
> (i.e. run Executor for each modified tuple) is bad for
> performance. We could implement direct support for
> standard RI constraints.
As I want to implement it, there would be not much difference
between a regular trigger invocation and a deferred one. If
that causes a performance problem, I think we should speed up
the trigger call mechanism in general instead of not using
triggers.
>
> Using rules (statement level triggers) for INSERT...SELECT,
> UPDATE and DELETE queries would be nice! Actually, RI constraint
> checks need in very simple queries (i.e. without distinct etc)
> and the only we would have to do is
>
> > What I'm not sure about is which snapshot to use to get the
> > OLD tuples (outdated in this transaction by a previous
> > command). Vadim?
>
> 1. Add CommandId to Snapshot.
> 2. Use Snapshot->CommandId instead of global CurrentScanCommandId.
> 3. Use Snapshots with different CommandId-s to get OLD/NEW
> versions.
>
> But I agreed that the size of parsetrees may be big and for
> COPY...FROM/INSERTs we should remember IDs of modified
> tuples. Well. Please remember that I implement WAL right
> now, already have 1000 lines of code and hope to run first
> tests after writing additional ~200 lines -:)
> We could read modified tuple IDs from WAL...
Not only on COPY. One regular INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statement
can actually fire thousands of trigger calls right now. These
triggers normally use SPI to execute their own queries. If
such a trigger now uses a query that in turn causes a
deferred constraint, we might have to save thousands of
deferred querytrees - impossible mission.
That's IMHO a clear drawback against using rules for
deferrable RI.
What I'm currently doing is clearly encapsulated in some
functions in commands/trigger.c (except for some additional
attributes in pg_trigger). If it later turns out that we can
combine the information required into WAL, I think we have
time enough to do so and shouldn't really care if v6.6
doesn't have it already combined.
Jan
--
#======================================================================#
# It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong than for being right. #
# Let's break this rule - forgive me. #
#========================================= wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck) #
************
From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Tue Sep 21 15:30:29 1999
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From: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
Subject: [HACKERS] RI question
To: pgsql-hackers@postgreSQL.org (PostgreSQL HACKERS)
Date: Tue, 21 Sep 1999 20:46:06 +0200 (MET DST)
Reply-To: wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck)
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Status: RO
Uh oh,
I think deferred RI constraints must only fire the actions
that remain after all commands during the entire transaction
are condensed to the total minimum required to get that
state, because deferred RI must only check what VISIBLY
happened during the transaction.
Thinking on the tuple level, a sequence of
INSERT,UPDATE,UPDATE must fire only one INSERT trigger, but
with the values of the last UPDATE. An UPDATE,DELETE sequence
is in fact a DELETE of the original tuple and an
INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE sequence is nothing.
That means that the recording mechnism of the trigger events
must be very smart on UPDATE and DELETE events, looking at
the x_min of the old tuple if that resulted from the current
transaction. If so, follow the events backward, disable
previous ones and change the new event into what it really
has to be.
But some problems remain unsolvable by this:
- PK has an ON DELETE CASCADE for FK
- BEGIN
- DELETE PK
- INSERT same PK
- COMMIT.
This really shouldn't invoke the cascading delete, because at
COMMIT the PK still is there. Same for a constraint that
forbids deletion of a PK while referenced by FK. Therefore
the deferred event recorder must check on INSERT any previous
DELETES for the same relation if the key does match and drop
both deferred triggers if so. Therefore it needs to know
which attributes build the PK of that relation
(<relname>_pkey guaranteed?).
Well, I think that's finally the death of RI over rules. The
code managing those rules during CREATE/ALTER TABLE would
become totally unmaintainable. And (sorry Vadim) it's the
death of SLT for this too because this event tracking must be
done on the tuple level.
It complicated the trigger approach too, but IMHO not too
bad. Anyway, some co-developer(s) doing the parser- and
utility-statement stuff (SET CONSTRAINTS ... etc.) would be
great.
Volunteers?
Jan
--
#======================================================================#
# It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong than for being right. #
# Let's break this rule - forgive me. #
#========================================= wieck@debis.com (Jan Wieck) #
************
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