Add ssl_passphrase_command setting

This allows specifying an external command for prompting for or
otherwise obtaining passphrases for SSL key files.  This is useful
because in many cases there is no TTY easily available during service
startup.

Also add a setting ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload, which allows
supporting SSL configuration reload even if SSL files need passphrases.
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>

doc/src/sgml/config.sgml

@@ -1313,6 +1313,66 @@ include_dir 'conf.d'
        </para>
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
+
+     <varlistentry id="guc-ssl-passphrase-command" xreflabel="ssl_passphrase_command">
+      <term><varname>ssl_passphrase_command</varname> (<type>string</type>)
+      <indexterm>
+       <primary><varname>ssl_passphrase_command</varname> configuration parameter</primary>
+      </indexterm>
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Sets an external command to be invoked when a passphrase for
+        decrypting an SSL file such as a private key needs to be obtained.  By
+        default, this parameter is empty, which means the built-in prompting
+        mechanism is used.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        The command must print the passphrase to the standard output and exit
+        with code 0.  In the parameter value, <literal>%p</literal> is
+        replaced by a prompt string.  (Write <literal>%%</literal> for a
+        literal <literal>%</literal>.)  Note that the prompt string will
+        probably contain whitespace, so be sure to quote adequately.  A single
+        newline is stripped from the end of the output if present.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        The command does not actually have to prompt the user for a
+        passphrase.  It can read it from a file, obtain it from a keychain
+        facility, or similar.  It is up to the user to make sure the chosen
+        mechanism is adequately secure.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This parameter can only be set in the <filename>postgresql.conf</filename>
+        file or on the server command line.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
+     <varlistentry id="guc-ssl-passphrase-command-supports-reload" xreflabel="ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload">
+      <term><varname>ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload</varname> (<type>boolean</type>)
+      <indexterm>
+       <primary><varname>ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload</varname> configuration parameter</primary>
+      </indexterm>
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        This setting determines whether the passphrase command set by
+        <varname>ssl_passphrase_command</varname> will also be called during a
+        configuration reload if a key file needs a passphrase.  If this
+        setting is false (the default), then
+        <varname>ssl_passphrase_command</varname> will be ignored during a
+        reload and the SSL configuration will not be reloaded if a passphrase
+        is needed.  That setting is appropriate for a command that requires a
+        TTY for prompting, which might not be available when the server is
+        running.  Setting this to true might be appropriate if the passphrase
+        is obtained from a file, for example.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This parameter can only be set in the <filename>postgresql.conf</filename>
+        file or on the server command line.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
     </variablelist>
     </sect2>
    </sect1>

src/backend/libpq/Makefile

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
 
 # be-fsstubs is here for historical reasons, probably belongs elsewhere
 
-OBJS = be-fsstubs.o be-secure.o auth.o crypt.o hba.o ifaddr.o pqcomm.o \
+OBJS = be-fsstubs.o be-secure.o be-secure-common.o auth.o crypt.o hba.o ifaddr.o pqcomm.o \
        pqformat.o pqmq.o pqsignal.o auth-scram.o
 
 ifeq ($(with_openssl),yes)

src/backend/libpq/be-secure-common.c

+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * be-secure-common.c
+ *
+ * common implementation-independent SSL support code
+ *
+ * While be-secure.c contains the interfaces that the rest of the
+ * communications code calls, this file contains support routines that are
+ * used by the library-specific implementations such as be-secure-openssl.c.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/backend/libpq/be-secure-common.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "libpq/libpq.h"
+#include "storage/fd.h"
+
+/*
+ * Run ssl_passphrase_command
+ *
+ * prompt will be substituted for %p.  is_server_start determines the loglevel
+ * of error messages.
+ *
+ * The result will be put in buffer buf, which is of size size.  The return
+ * value is the length of the actual result.
+ */
+int
+run_ssl_passphrase_command(const char *prompt, bool is_server_start, char *buf, int size)
+{
+	int			loglevel = is_server_start ? ERROR : LOG;
+	StringInfoData command;
+	char	   *p;
+	FILE	   *fh;
+	int			pclose_rc;
+	size_t		len = 0;
+
+	Assert(prompt);
+	Assert(size > 0);
+	buf[0] = '\0';
+
+	initStringInfo(&command);
+
+	for (p = ssl_passphrase_command; *p; p++)
+	{
+		if (p[0] == '%')
+		{
+			switch (p[1])
+			{
+				case 'p':
+					appendStringInfoString(&command, prompt);
+					p++;
+					break;
+				case '%':
+					appendStringInfoChar(&command, '%');
+					p++;
+					break;
+				default:
+					appendStringInfoChar(&command, p[0]);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			appendStringInfoChar(&command, p[0]);
+	}
+
+	fh = OpenPipeStream(command.data, "r");
+	if (fh == NULL)
+	{
+		ereport(loglevel,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not execute command \"%s\": %m",
+						command.data)));
+		goto error;
+	}
+
+	if (!fgets(buf, size, fh))
+	{
+		if (ferror(fh))
+		{
+			ereport(loglevel,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not read from command \"%s\": %m",
+							command.data)));
+			goto error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	pclose_rc = ClosePipeStream(fh);
+	if (pclose_rc == -1)
+	{
+		ereport(loglevel,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not close pipe to external command: %m")));
+		goto error;
+	}
+	else if (pclose_rc != 0)
+	{
+		ereport(loglevel,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("command \"%s\" failed",
+						command.data),
+				 errdetail_internal("%s", wait_result_to_str(pclose_rc))));
+		goto error;
+	}
+
+	/* strip trailing newline */
+	len = strlen(buf);
+	if (buf[len - 1] == '\n')
+		buf[len-- -1] = '\0';
+
+error:
+	pfree(command.data);
+	return len;
+}

src/backend/libpq/be-secure-openssl.c

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ static int	my_SSL_set_fd(Port *port, int fd);
 
 static DH  *load_dh_file(char *filename, bool isServerStart);
 static DH  *load_dh_buffer(const char *, size_t);
-static int	ssl_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata);
+static int	ssl_external_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata);
+static int	dummy_ssl_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata);
 static int	verify_cb(int, X509_STORE_CTX *);
 static void info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int type, int args);
 static bool initialize_dh(SSL_CTX *context, bool isServerStart);
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ static char *X509_NAME_to_cstring(X509_NAME *name);
 
 static SSL_CTX *SSL_context = NULL;
 static bool SSL_initialized = false;
-static bool ssl_passwd_cb_called = false;
+static bool dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called = false;
+static bool ssl_is_server_start;
 
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
@@ -111,14 +113,28 @@ be_tls_init(bool isServerStart)
 	SSL_CTX_set_mode(context, SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER);
 
 	/*
-	 * If reloading, override OpenSSL's default handling of
-	 * passphrase-protected files, because we don't want to prompt for a
-	 * passphrase in an already-running server.  (Not that the default
-	 * handling is very desirable during server start either, but some people
-	 * insist we need to keep it.)
+	 * Set password callback
 	 */
-	if (!isServerStart)
-		SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(context, ssl_passwd_cb);
+	if (isServerStart)
+	{
+		if (ssl_passphrase_command[0])
+			SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(context, ssl_external_passwd_cb);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if (ssl_passphrase_command[0] && ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload)
+			SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(context, ssl_external_passwd_cb);
+		else
+			/*
+			 * If reloading and no external command is configured, override
+			 * OpenSSL's default handling of passphrase-protected files,
+			 * because we don't want to prompt for a passphrase in an
+			 * already-running server.
+			 */
+			SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(context, dummy_ssl_passwd_cb);
+	}
+	/* used by the callback */
+	ssl_is_server_start = isServerStart;
 
 	/*
 	 * Load and verify server's certificate and private key
@@ -138,13 +154,13 @@ be_tls_init(bool isServerStart)
 	/*
 	 * OK, try to load the private key file.
 	 */
-	ssl_passwd_cb_called = false;
+	dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called = false;
 
 	if (SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(context,
 									ssl_key_file,
 									SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1)
 	{
-		if (ssl_passwd_cb_called)
+		if (dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called)
 			ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
 					 errmsg("private key file \"%s\" cannot be reloaded because it requires a passphrase",
@@ -839,7 +855,21 @@ load_dh_buffer(const char *buffer, size_t len)
 }
 
 /*
- *	Passphrase collection callback
+ *	Passphrase collection callback using ssl_passphrase_command
+ */
+static int
+ssl_external_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata)
+{
+	/* same prompt as OpenSSL uses internally */
+	const char *prompt = "Enter PEM pass phrase:";
+
+	Assert(rwflag == 0);
+
+	return run_ssl_passphrase_command(prompt, ssl_is_server_start, buf, size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dummy passphrase callback
  *
  * If OpenSSL is told to use a passphrase-protected server key, by default
  * it will issue a prompt on /dev/tty and try to read a key from there.
@@ -848,10 +878,10 @@ load_dh_buffer(const char *buffer, size_t len)
  * function that just returns an empty passphrase, guaranteeing failure.
  */
 static int
-ssl_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata)
+dummy_ssl_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata)
 {
 	/* Set flag to change the error message we'll report */
-	ssl_passwd_cb_called = true;
+	dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called = true;
 	/* And return empty string */
 	Assert(size > 0);
 	buf[0] = '\0';

src/backend/libpq/be-secure.c

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ char	   *ssl_key_file;
 char	   *ssl_ca_file;
 char	   *ssl_crl_file;
 char	   *ssl_dh_params_file;
+char	   *ssl_passphrase_command;
+bool		ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload;
 
 #ifdef USE_SSL
 bool		ssl_loaded_verify_locations = false;

src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c

@@ -988,6 +988,15 @@ static struct config_bool ConfigureNamesBool[] =
 		false,
 		check_ssl, NULL, NULL
 	},
+	{
+		{"ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload", PGC_SIGHUP, CONN_AUTH_SSL,
+			gettext_noop("Also use ssl_passphrase_command during server reload."),
+			NULL
+		},
+		&ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload,
+		false,
+		NULL, NULL, NULL
+	},
 	{
 		{"ssl_prefer_server_ciphers", PGC_SIGHUP, CONN_AUTH_SSL,
 			gettext_noop("Give priority to server ciphersuite order."),
@@ -3655,6 +3664,16 @@ static struct config_string ConfigureNamesString[] =
 		NULL, NULL, NULL
 	},
 
+	{
+		{"ssl_passphrase_command", PGC_SIGHUP, CONN_AUTH_SSL,
+			gettext_noop("Command to obtain passphrases for SSL."),
+			NULL
+		},
+		&ssl_passphrase_command,
+		"",
+		NULL, NULL, NULL
+	},
+
 	{
 		{"application_name", PGC_USERSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
 			gettext_noop("Sets the application name to be reported in statistics and logs."),

src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample

@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@
 #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
 #ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
 #ssl_dh_params_file = ''
+#ssl_passphrase_command = ''
+#ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload = off
 
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

src/include/libpq/libpq.h

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ extern char *ssl_key_file;
 extern char *ssl_ca_file;
 extern char *ssl_crl_file;
 extern char *ssl_dh_params_file;
+extern char *ssl_passphrase_command;
+extern bool ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload;
 
 extern int	secure_initialize(bool isServerStart);
 extern bool secure_loaded_verify_locations(void);
@@ -101,4 +103,10 @@ extern char *SSLCipherSuites;
 extern char *SSLECDHCurve;
 extern bool SSLPreferServerCiphers;
 
+/*
+ * prototypes for functions in be-secure-common.c
+ */
+extern int run_ssl_passphrase_command(const char *prompt, bool is_server_start,
+									  char *buf, int size);
+
 #endif							/* LIBPQ_H */

src/test/ssl/Makefile

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ CERTIFICATES := server_ca server-cn-and-alt-names \
 	root_ca
 
 SSLFILES := $(CERTIFICATES:%=ssl/%.key) $(CERTIFICATES:%=ssl/%.crt) \
+	ssl/server-password.key \
 	ssl/client.crl ssl/server.crl ssl/root.crl \
 	ssl/both-cas-1.crt ssl/both-cas-2.crt \
 	ssl/root+server_ca.crt ssl/root+server.crl \
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@ ssl/server-ss.crt: ssl/server-cn-only.key ssl/server-cn-only.crt server-cn-only.
 	openssl x509 -req -days 10000 -in ssl/server-ss.csr -signkey ssl/server-cn-only.key -out ssl/server-ss.crt  -extensions v3_req -extfile server-cn-only.config
 	rm ssl/server-ss.csr
 
+# Password-protected version of server-cn-only.key
+ssl/server-password.key: ssl/server-cn-only.key
+	openssl rsa -des -in $< -out $@ -passout 'pass:secret1'
+
 # Client certificate, signed by the client CA:
 ssl/client.crt: ssl/client.key ssl/client_ca.crt
 	openssl req -new -key ssl/client.key -out ssl/client.csr -config client.config

src/test/ssl/README

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ server-no-names
 server-ss
 	same as server-cn-only, but self-signed.
 
+server-password
+	same as server-cn-only, but password-protected.
+
 client
 	a client certificate, for user "ssltestuser". Signed by client_ca.
 

src/test/ssl/ssl/server-password.key

+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+DEK-Info: DES-CBC,2FAEFD1C1B2C881C
+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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

src/test/ssl/t/001_ssltests.pl

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use File::Copy;
 
 if ($ENV{with_openssl} eq 'yes')
 {
-	plan tests => 62;
+	plan tests => 64;
 }
 else
 {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ chmod 0600, "ssl/client-revoked_tmp.key";
 copy("ssl/client.key", "ssl/client_wrongperms_tmp.key");
 chmod 0644, "ssl/client_wrongperms_tmp.key";
 
-#### Part 0. Set up the server.
+#### Set up the server.
 
 note "setting up data directory";
 my $node = get_new_node('master');
@@ -50,9 +50,32 @@ $ENV{PGHOST} = $node->host;
 $ENV{PGPORT} = $node->port;
 $node->start;
 configure_test_server_for_ssl($node, $SERVERHOSTADDR, 'trust');
-switch_server_cert($node, 'server-cn-only');
 
-### Part 1. Run client-side tests.
+note "testing password-protected keys";
+
+open my $sslconf, '>', $node->data_dir."/sslconfig.conf";
+print $sslconf "ssl=on\n";
+print $sslconf "ssl_cert_file='server-cn-only.crt'\n";
+print $sslconf "ssl_key_file='server-password.key'\n";
+print $sslconf "ssl_passphrase_command='echo wrongpassword'\n";
+close $sslconf;
+
+command_fails(['pg_ctl', '-D', $node->data_dir, '-l', $node->logfile, 'restart'],
+			  'restart fails with password-protected key file with wrong password');
+$node->_update_pid(0);
+
+open $sslconf, '>', $node->data_dir."/sslconfig.conf";
+print $sslconf "ssl=on\n";
+print $sslconf "ssl_cert_file='server-cn-only.crt'\n";
+print $sslconf "ssl_key_file='server-password.key'\n";
+print $sslconf "ssl_passphrase_command='echo secret1'\n";
+close $sslconf;
+
+command_ok(['pg_ctl', '-D', $node->data_dir, '-l', $node->logfile, 'restart'],
+		   'restart succeeds with password-protected key file');
+$node->_update_pid(1);
+
+### Run client-side tests.
 ###
 ### Test that libpq accepts/rejects the connection correctly, depending
 ### on sslmode and whether the server's certificate looks correct. No
@@ -60,6 +83,8 @@ switch_server_cert($node, 'server-cn-only');
 
 note "running client tests";
 
+switch_server_cert($node, 'server-cn-only');
+
 $common_connstr =
 "user=ssltestuser dbname=trustdb sslcert=invalid hostaddr=$SERVERHOSTADDR host=common-name.pg-ssltest.test";
 
@@ -235,7 +260,7 @@ test_connect_fails($common_connstr,
 				   qr/SSL error/,
 				   "does not connect with client-side CRL");
 
-### Part 2. Server-side tests.
+### Server-side tests.
 ###
 ### Test certificate authorization.
 

src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ sub mkvcbuild
    # if building without OpenSSL
 	if (!$solution->{options}->{openssl})
 	{
+		$postgres->RemoveFile('src/backend/libpq/be-secure-common.c');
 		$postgres->RemoveFile('src/backend/libpq/be-secure-openssl.c');
 	}