Improve gist XLOG code to follow the coding rules needed to prevent

torn-page problems.  This introduces some issues of its own, mainly
that there are now some critical sections of unreasonably broad scope,
but it's a step forward anyway.  Further cleanup will require some
code refactoring that I'd prefer to get Oleg and Teodor involved in.

src/backend/access/gist/gist.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/gist/gist.c,v 1.129 2006/03/05 15:58:20 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/gist/gist.c,v 1.130 2006/03/30 23:03:09 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ gistbuild(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	double		reltuples;
 	GISTBuildState buildstate;
 	Buffer		buffer;
+	Page		page;
 
 	/*
 	 * We expect to be called exactly once for any index relation. If that's
@@ -104,33 +105,33 @@ gistbuild(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	/* initialize the root page */
 	buffer = gistNewBuffer(index);
+	Assert(BufferGetBlockNumber(buffer) == GIST_ROOT_BLKNO);
+	page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
+
+	START_CRIT_SECTION();
+
 	GISTInitBuffer(buffer, F_LEAF);
 	if (!index->rd_istemp)
 	{
 		XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 		XLogRecData rdata;
-		Page		page;
 
-		rdata.buffer = InvalidBuffer;
 		rdata.data = (char *) &(index->rd_node);
 		rdata.len = sizeof(RelFileNode);
+		rdata.buffer = InvalidBuffer;
 		rdata.next = NULL;
 
-		page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
-
-		START_CRIT_SECTION();
-
 		recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_CREATE_INDEX, &rdata);
 		PageSetLSN(page, recptr);
 		PageSetTLI(page, ThisTimeLineID);
-
-		END_CRIT_SECTION();
 	}
 	else
-		PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(buffer), XLogRecPtrForTemp);
+		PageSetLSN(page, XLogRecPtrForTemp);
 	LockBuffer(buffer, GIST_UNLOCK);
 	WriteBuffer(buffer);
 
+	END_CRIT_SECTION();
+
 	/* build the index */
 	buildstate.numindexattrs = indexInfo->ii_NumIndexAttrs;
 	buildstate.indtuples = 0;
@@ -305,6 +306,15 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 	bool		is_splitted = false;
 	bool		is_leaf = (GistPageIsLeaf(state->stack->page)) ? true : false;
 
+	/*
+	 * XXX this code really ought to work by locking, but not modifying,
+	 * all the buffers it needs; then starting a critical section; then
+	 * modifying the buffers in an already-determined way and writing an
+	 * XLOG record to reflect that.  Since it doesn't, we've got to put
+	 * a critical section around the entire process, which is horrible
+	 * from a robustness point of view.
+	 */
+	START_CRIT_SECTION();
 
 	if (!is_leaf)
 
@@ -312,6 +322,11 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 		 * This node's key has been modified, either because a child split
 		 * occurred or because we needed to adjust our key for an insert in a
 		 * child node. Therefore, remove the old version of this node's key.
+		 *
+		 * Note: for WAL replay, in the non-split case we handle this by
+		 * setting up a one-element todelete array; in the split case, it's
+		 * handled implicitly because the tuple vector passed to gistSplit
+		 * won't include this tuple.
 		 */
 
 		PageIndexTupleDelete(state->stack->page, state->stack->childoffnum);
@@ -336,9 +351,7 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 			XLogRecData *rdata;
 
 			rdata = formSplitRdata(state->r->rd_node, state->stack->blkno,
-								   &(state->key), dist);
-
-			START_CRIT_SECTION();
+								   is_leaf, &(state->key), dist);
 
 			recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_PAGE_SPLIT, rdata);
 			ptr = dist;
@@ -348,8 +361,6 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 				PageSetTLI(BufferGetPage(ptr->buffer), ThisTimeLineID);
 				ptr = ptr->next;
 			}
-
-			END_CRIT_SECTION();
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -410,7 +421,6 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 			else
 				ourpage = dist;
 
-
 			/* now gets all needed data, and sets nsn's */
 			page = (Page) BufferGetPage(ourpage->buffer);
 			opaque = GistPageGetOpaque(page);
@@ -437,9 +447,12 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 				WriteBuffer(ptr->buffer);
 				ptr = ptr->next;
 			}
-		}
+
 			WriteNoReleaseBuffer(state->stack->buffer);
 		}
+
+		END_CRIT_SECTION();
+	}
 	else
 	{
 		/* enough space */
@@ -451,7 +464,7 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 		if (!state->r->rd_istemp)
 		{
 			OffsetNumber noffs = 0,
-						offs[MAXALIGN(sizeof(OffsetNumber)) / sizeof(OffsetNumber)];
+						offs[1];
 			XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 			XLogRecData *rdata;
 
@@ -462,17 +475,14 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 				noffs = 1;
 			}
 
-			rdata = formUpdateRdata(state->r->rd_node, state->stack->blkno,
-							 offs, noffs, false, state->itup, state->ituplen,
+			rdata = formUpdateRdata(state->r->rd_node, state->stack->buffer,
+									offs, noffs, false,
+									state->itup, state->ituplen,
 									&(state->key));
 
-			START_CRIT_SECTION();
-
-			recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_ENTRY_UPDATE, rdata);
+			recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_PAGE_UPDATE, rdata);
 			PageSetLSN(state->stack->page, recptr);
 			PageSetTLI(state->stack->page, ThisTimeLineID);
-
-			END_CRIT_SECTION();
 		}
 		else
 			PageSetLSN(state->stack->page, XLogRecPtrForTemp);
@@ -481,6 +491,8 @@ gistplacetopage(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 			state->needInsertComplete = false;
 		WriteNoReleaseBuffer(state->stack->buffer);
 
+		END_CRIT_SECTION();
+
 		if (!is_leaf)			/* small optimization: inform scan ablout
 								 * deleting... */
 			gistadjscans(state->r, GISTOP_DEL, state->stack->blkno,
@@ -636,30 +648,14 @@ gistfindleaf(GISTInsertState *state, GISTSTATE *giststate)
 }
 
 /*
- * Should have the same interface as XLogReadBuffer
- */
-static Buffer
-gistReadAndLockBuffer(Relation r, BlockNumber blkno)
-{
-	Buffer		buffer = ReadBuffer(r, blkno);
-
-	LockBuffer(buffer, GIST_SHARE);
-	return buffer;
-}
-
-/*
- * Traverse the tree to find path from root page.
+ * Traverse the tree to find path from root page to specified "child" block.
  *
  * returns from the begining of closest parent;
  *
- * Function is used in both regular and recovery mode, so must work with
- * different read functions (gistReadAndLockBuffer and XLogReadBuffer)
- *
  * To prevent deadlocks, this should lock only one page simultaneously.
  */
 GISTInsertStack *
-gistFindPath(Relation r, BlockNumber child,
-			 Buffer (*myReadBuffer) (Relation, BlockNumber))
+gistFindPath(Relation r, BlockNumber child)
 {
 	Page		page;
 	Buffer		buffer;
@@ -677,7 +673,8 @@ gistFindPath(Relation r, BlockNumber child,
 
 	while (top && top->blkno != child)
 	{
-		buffer = myReadBuffer(r, top->blkno);	/* locks buffer */
+		buffer = ReadBuffer(r, top->blkno);
+		LockBuffer(buffer, GIST_SHARE);
 		gistcheckpage(r, buffer);
 		page = (Page) BufferGetPage(buffer);
 
@@ -833,7 +830,7 @@ gistFindCorrectParent(Relation r, GISTInsertStack *child)
 		}
 
 		/* ok, find new path */
-		ptr = parent = gistFindPath(r, child->blkno, gistReadAndLockBuffer);
+		ptr = parent = gistFindPath(r, child->blkno);
 		Assert(ptr != NULL);
 
 		/* read all buffers as expected by caller */
@@ -1192,27 +1189,31 @@ gistnewroot(Relation r, Buffer buffer, IndexTuple *itup, int len, ItemPointer ke
 
 	Assert(BufferGetBlockNumber(buffer) == GIST_ROOT_BLKNO);
 	page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
-	GISTInitBuffer(buffer, 0);
 
+	START_CRIT_SECTION();
+
+	GISTInitBuffer(buffer, 0);	/* XXX not F_LEAF? */
 	gistfillbuffer(r, page, itup, len, FirstOffsetNumber);
+
 	if (!r->rd_istemp)
 	{
 		XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 		XLogRecData *rdata;
 
-		rdata = formUpdateRdata(r->rd_node, GIST_ROOT_BLKNO,
-								NULL, 0, false, itup, len, key);
-
-		START_CRIT_SECTION();
+		rdata = formUpdateRdata(r->rd_node, buffer,
+								NULL, 0, false,
+								itup, len, key);
 
 		recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_NEW_ROOT, rdata);
 		PageSetLSN(page, recptr);
 		PageSetTLI(page, ThisTimeLineID);
-
-		END_CRIT_SECTION();
 	}
 	else
 		PageSetLSN(page, XLogRecPtrForTemp);
+
+	WriteNoReleaseBuffer(buffer);
+
+	END_CRIT_SECTION();
 }
 
 void

src/backend/access/gist/gistvacuum.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/gist/gistvacuum.c,v 1.16 2006/03/05 15:58:20 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/gist/gistvacuum.c,v 1.17 2006/03/30 23:03:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ gistVacuumUpdate(GistVacuum *gv, BlockNumber blkno, bool needunion)
 	page = (Page) BufferGetPage(buffer);
 	maxoff = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page);
 
+	/*
+	 * XXX need to reduce scope of changes to page so we can make this
+	 * critical section less extensive
+	 */
+	START_CRIT_SECTION();
+
 	if (GistPageIsLeaf(page))
 	{
 		if (GistTuplesDeleted(page))
@@ -188,11 +194,9 @@ gistVacuumUpdate(GistVacuum *gv, BlockNumber blkno, bool needunion)
 					ItemPointerSet(&key, blkno, TUPLE_IS_VALID);
 
 					rdata = formSplitRdata(gv->index->rd_node, blkno,
-										   &key, dist);
+										   false, &key, dist);
 					xlinfo = rdata->data;
 
-					START_CRIT_SECTION();
-
 					recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_PAGE_SPLIT, rdata);
 					ptr = dist;
 					while (ptr)
@@ -202,7 +206,6 @@ gistVacuumUpdate(GistVacuum *gv, BlockNumber blkno, bool needunion)
 						ptr = ptr->next;
 					}
 
-					END_CRIT_SECTION();
 					pfree(xlinfo);
 					pfree(rdata);
 				}
@@ -235,8 +238,6 @@ gistVacuumUpdate(GistVacuum *gv, BlockNumber blkno, bool needunion)
 					oldCtx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(gv->opCtx);
 					gistnewroot(gv->index, buffer, res.itup, res.ituplen, &key);
 					MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldCtx);
-
-					WriteNoReleaseBuffer(buffer);
 				}
 
 				needwrite = false;
@@ -302,15 +303,14 @@ gistVacuumUpdate(GistVacuum *gv, BlockNumber blkno, bool needunion)
 			XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 			char	   *xlinfo;
 
-			rdata = formUpdateRdata(gv->index->rd_node, blkno, todelete, ntodelete,
-									res.emptypage, addon, curlenaddon, NULL);
+			rdata = formUpdateRdata(gv->index->rd_node, buffer,
+									todelete, ntodelete, res.emptypage,
+									addon, curlenaddon, NULL);
 			xlinfo = rdata->data;
 
-			START_CRIT_SECTION();
-			recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_ENTRY_UPDATE, rdata);
+			recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_PAGE_UPDATE, rdata);
 			PageSetLSN(page, recptr);
 			PageSetTLI(page, ThisTimeLineID);
-			END_CRIT_SECTION();
 
 			pfree(xlinfo);
 			pfree(rdata);
@@ -322,6 +322,8 @@ gistVacuumUpdate(GistVacuum *gv, BlockNumber blkno, bool needunion)
 	else
 		ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
 
+	END_CRIT_SECTION();
+
 	if (ncompleted && !gv->index->rd_istemp)
 		gistxlogInsertCompletion(gv->index->rd_node, completed, ncompleted);
 
@@ -579,6 +581,17 @@ gistbulkdelete(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 			 */
 			pushStackIfSplited(page, stack);
 
+			/*
+			 * Remove deletable tuples from page
+			 *
+			 * XXX try to make this critical section shorter.  Could do it
+			 * by separating the callback loop from the actual tuple deletion,
+			 * but that would affect the definition of the todelete[] array
+			 * passed into the WAL record (because the indexes would all be
+			 * pre-deletion).
+			 */
+			START_CRIT_SECTION();
+
 			maxoff = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page);
 
 			for (i = FirstOffsetNumber; i <= maxoff; i = OffsetNumberNext(i))
@@ -608,17 +621,17 @@ gistbulkdelete(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				{
 					XLogRecData *rdata;
 					XLogRecPtr	recptr;
-					gistxlogEntryUpdate *xlinfo;
+					gistxlogPageUpdate *xlinfo;
 
-					rdata = formUpdateRdata(rel->rd_node, stack->blkno, todelete, ntodelete,
-											false, NULL, 0, NULL);
-					xlinfo = (gistxlogEntryUpdate *) rdata->data;
+					rdata = formUpdateRdata(rel->rd_node, buffer,
+											todelete, ntodelete, false,
+											NULL, 0,
+											NULL);
+					xlinfo = (gistxlogPageUpdate *) rdata->data;
 
-					START_CRIT_SECTION();
-					recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_ENTRY_UPDATE, rdata);
+					recptr = XLogInsert(RM_GIST_ID, XLOG_GIST_PAGE_UPDATE, rdata);
 					PageSetLSN(page, recptr);
 					PageSetTLI(page, ThisTimeLineID);
-					END_CRIT_SECTION();
 
 					pfree(xlinfo);
 					pfree(rdata);
@@ -627,6 +640,8 @@ gistbulkdelete(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					PageSetLSN(page, XLogRecPtrForTemp);
 				WriteNoReleaseBuffer(buffer);
 			}
+
+			END_CRIT_SECTION();
 		}
 		else
 		{

src/include/access/gist_private.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/access/gist_private.h,v 1.11 2006/03/24 04:32:13 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/access/gist_private.h,v 1.12 2006/03/30 23:03:10 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -80,11 +80,13 @@ typedef GISTScanOpaqueData *GISTScanOpaque;
 /* XLog stuff */
 extern const XLogRecPtr XLogRecPtrForTemp;
 
-#define XLOG_GIST_ENTRY_UPDATE	0x00
-#define XLOG_GIST_ENTRY_DELETE	0x10
+#define XLOG_GIST_PAGE_UPDATE		0x00
 #define XLOG_GIST_NEW_ROOT			0x20
+#define XLOG_GIST_PAGE_SPLIT		0x30
+#define XLOG_GIST_INSERT_COMPLETE	0x40
+#define XLOG_GIST_CREATE_INDEX		0x50
 
-typedef struct gistxlogEntryUpdate
+typedef struct gistxlogPageUpdate
 {
 	RelFileNode node;
 	BlockNumber blkno;
@@ -100,17 +102,16 @@ typedef struct gistxlogEntryUpdate
 	/*
 	 * follow: 1. todelete OffsetNumbers 2. tuples to insert
 	 */
-} gistxlogEntryUpdate;
-
-#define XLOG_GIST_PAGE_SPLIT	0x30
+} gistxlogPageUpdate;
 
 typedef struct gistxlogPageSplit
 {
 	RelFileNode node;
 	BlockNumber origblkno;		/* splitted page */
+	bool		origleaf;		/* was splitted page a leaf page? */
 	uint16		npage;
 
-	/* see comments on gistxlogEntryUpdate */
+	/* see comments on gistxlogPageUpdate */
 	ItemPointerData key;
 
 	/*
@@ -118,22 +119,19 @@ typedef struct gistxlogPageSplit
 	 */
 } gistxlogPageSplit;
 
-#define XLOG_GIST_INSERT_COMPLETE  0x40
-
 typedef struct gistxlogPage
 {
 	BlockNumber blkno;
-	int			num;
+	int			num;			/* number of index tuples following */
 } gistxlogPage;
 
-#define XLOG_GIST_CREATE_INDEX	0x50
-
 typedef struct gistxlogInsertComplete
 {
 	RelFileNode node;
 	/* follows ItemPointerData key to clean */
 } gistxlogInsertComplete;
 
+
 /* SplitedPageLayout - gistSplit function result */
 typedef struct SplitedPageLayout
 {
@@ -239,8 +237,7 @@ extern void gistnewroot(Relation r, Buffer buffer, IndexTuple *itup, int len, It
 extern IndexTuple *gistSplit(Relation r, Buffer buffer, IndexTuple *itup,
 		  int *len, SplitedPageLayout **dist, GISTSTATE *giststate);
 
-extern GISTInsertStack *gistFindPath(Relation r, BlockNumber child,
-			 Buffer (*myReadBuffer) (Relation, BlockNumber));
+extern GISTInsertStack *gistFindPath(Relation r, BlockNumber child);
 
 /* gistxlog.c */
 extern void gist_redo(XLogRecPtr lsn, XLogRecord *record);
@@ -249,11 +246,12 @@ extern void gist_xlog_startup(void);
 extern void gist_xlog_cleanup(void);
 extern IndexTuple gist_form_invalid_tuple(BlockNumber blkno);
 
-extern XLogRecData *formUpdateRdata(RelFileNode node, BlockNumber blkno,
+extern XLogRecData *formUpdateRdata(RelFileNode node, Buffer buffer,
 				OffsetNumber *todelete, int ntodelete, bool emptypage,
 				IndexTuple *itup, int ituplen, ItemPointer key);
 
-extern XLogRecData *formSplitRdata(RelFileNode node, BlockNumber blkno,
+extern XLogRecData *formSplitRdata(RelFileNode node,
+			   BlockNumber blkno, bool page_is_leaf,
 			   ItemPointer key, SplitedPageLayout *dist);
 
 extern XLogRecPtr gistxlogInsertCompletion(RelFileNode node, ItemPointerData *keys, int len);