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Installation notes for v6.5. 

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INSTALL
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PostgreSQL Installation Guide
by The PostgreSQL Development Team
Edited by Thomas Lockhart
PostgreSQL is copyright (C) 1998
by the Postgres Global Development Group.
PostgreSQL is 1996-9 by the Postgres Global Development Group.
Table of Contents
......@@ -21,12 +17,6 @@ Table of Contents
Playing with Postgres
The Next Step
Porting Notes
Ultrix4.x
Linux
Linux ELF
Linux a.out
BSD/OS
NeXT
4. Configuration Options
Parameters for Configuration (configure)
Parameters for Building (make)
......@@ -38,8 +28,9 @@ Table of Contents
Installation
Operation
5. Release Notes
Release 6.4
Migration to v6.4
Release 6.5
Migration to v6.5
Multi-Version Concurrency Control
Detailed Change List
List of Tables
......@@ -71,10 +62,11 @@ Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Ports
This manual describes version 6.4 of Postgres. The
This manual describes version 6.5 of Postgres. The
Postgres developer community has compiled and tested
Postgres on a number of platforms. Check the web site
for the latest information.
(http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/ports.htm) for
the latest information.
Currently Supported Platforms
......@@ -83,65 +75,88 @@ Currently Supported Platforms
Table 2-1. Supported Platforms
OS Processor Version Reported Remarks
AIX 4.2.1 RS6000 v6.4 1998-10-27 (Andreas Zeugswetter)
BSDI x86 v6.4 1998-10-25 (Bruce Momjian
FreeBSD x86 v6.4 1998-10-26 (Tatsuo Ishii, Marc
2.2.x-3.x Fournier)
DGUX 5.4R4.11 m88k v6.3 1998-03-01 v6.4 probably OK. Needs
new maintainer. (Brian E
Gallew)
Digital Unix Alpha v6.4 1998-10-29 Minor patchable problems
4.0 (Pedro J. Lobo)
HPUX PA-RISC v6.4 1998-10-25 Both 9.0x and 10.20
(Tom Lane, Stan Brown)
IRIX 6.x MIPS v6.3 1998-03-01 5.x is different (Andrew
Martin)
linux 2.0.x Alpha v6.3.2 1998-04-16 Mostly successful. Needs
work for v6.4. (Ryan
Kirkpatrick)
linux 2.0.x x86 v6.4 1998-10-27 (Thomas Lockhart)
linux x86 v6.4 1998-10-25 (Oliver Elphick, Taral)
2.0.x/glibc2
linux 2.0.x Sparc v6.4 1998-10-25 (Tom Szybist)
linuxPPC PPC603e v6.4 1998-10-26 Powerbook 2400c (Tatsuo
2.1.24 Ishii)
mklinux DR3 PPC750 v6.4 1998-09-16 PowerMac 7600 (Tatsuo
Ishii)
NetBSD/i386 x86 v6.4 1998-10-25 (Brook Milligan)
1.3.2
NetBSD- NS32532 v6.4 1998-10-27 (small problems in
current date/time math
(Jon Buller)
NetBSD/sparc Sparc v6.4 1998-10-27 (Tom I Helbekkmo)
1.3H
NetBSD 1.3 VAX v6.3 1998-03-01 (Tom I Helbekkmo)
SCO UnixWare x86 v6.3 1998-03-01 aka UNIVEL (Billy G.
2.x Allie)
SCO UnixWare x86 v6.4 1998-10-04 (Billy G. Allie)
7
Solaris x86 v6.4 1998-10-28 (Marc Fournier)
Solaris Sparc v6.4 1998-10-28 (Tom Szybist, Frank
2.6-2.7 Ridderbusch)
SunOS 4.1.4 Sparc v6.3 1998-03-01 patches submitted (Tatsuo
Ishii)
SVR4 MIPS v6.4 1998-10-28 no 64-bit int support
(Frank Ridderbusch)
SVR4 4.4 m88k v6.2.1 1998-03-01 confirmed with patching
(Doug Winterburn)
Windows NT x86 v6.4 1998-10-08 Mostly working with the
Cygwin library. No DLLs
yet. (Horak Daniel)
Platforms listed for v6.3.x should also work with
v6.4, but we did not receive confirmation of such at
the time this list was compiled.
AIX 4.3.2 RS6000 v6.5 1999-05-26 (Andreas Zeugswetter
(mailto:Andreas.Zeugswetter@telecom.at))
BSDI x86 v6.5 1999-05-25 (Bruce Momjian
(mailto:maillist@candle.pha.pa.us)
FreeBSD x86 v6.5 1999-05-25 (Tatsuo Ishii
2.2.x-4.0 (mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp),
Marc Fournier
(mailto:scrappy@hub.org))
DGUX m88k v6.3 1998-03-01 v6.4 probably OK. Needs new
5.4R4.11 maintainer. (Brian E Gallew
(mailto:geek+@cmu.edu))
Digital Alpha v6.4 1998-10-29 Minor patchable problems
Unix 4.0 (Pedro J. Lobo
(mailto:pjlobo@euitt.upm.es))
HPUX PA-RISC v6.4 1998-10-25 Both 9.0x and 10.20 (Tom Lane
(mailto:tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us),
Stan Brown
(mailto:stanb@awod.com))
IRIX 6.5 MIPS v6.4 1998-12-29 IRIX 5.x is different (Mark Dalphin
(mdalphin@amgen.com))
linux Alpha v6.3.2 1998-04-16 Mostly successful. Needs
2.0.x work for v6.4. (Ryan Kirkpatrick
(mailto:rkirkpat@nag.cs.colorado.edu))
linux x86 v6.4 1998-10-27 (Thomas Lockhart
2.0.x/libc5 (mailto:lockhart@alumni.caltech.edu))
linux x86 v6.5 1999-05-24 (Thomas Lockhart
2.0.x/glibc (mailto:lockhart@alumni.caltech.edu))
linux MIPS v6.4 1998-12-16 Cobalt Qube (Tatsuo Ishii
2.0.x (mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp))
linux Sparc v6.4 1998-10-25 (Tom Szybist
2.0.x (mailto:szybist@boxhill.com))
linuxPPC PPC603e v6.4 1998-10-26 Powerbook 2400c (Tatsuo Ishii
2.1.24 (mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp))
mklinux DR3 PPC750 v6.4 1998-09-16 PowerMac 7600 (Tatsuo Ishii
(mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp))
NetBSD arm32 v6.5 1999-04-14 (Andrew McMurry
(mailto:a.mcmurry1@physics.oxford.ac.uk))
NetBSD/i3- x86 v6.4 1998-10-25 (Brook Milligan
86 1.3.2 (mailto:brook@trillium.NMSU.Edu))
NetBSD m68k v6.4.2 1998-12-28 Mac SE/30 (Mr. Mutsuki
Nakajima, Tatsuo Ishii
(mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp))
NetBSD- NS32532 v6.4 1998-10-27 small problems in date/time
current math (Jon Buller
(mailto:jonb@metronet.com))
NetBSD/sp- Sparc v6.4 1998-10-27 (Tom I Helbekkmo
arc 1.3H (mailto:tih@hamartun.priv.no))
NetBSD 1.3 VAX v6.3 1998-03-01 (Tom I Helbekkmo
(mailto:tih@hamartun.priv.no))
SCO x86 v6.5 1999-05-25 (Andrew Merrill
OpenServer 5 (mailto:andrew@compclass.com))
SCO x86 v6.5 1999-05-25 (Andrew Merrill
UnixWare 7 (mailto:andrew@compclass.com))
Solaris x86 v6.4 1998-10-28 (Marc Fournier
(mailto:scrappy@hub.org))
Solaris Sparc v6.4 1998-10-28 (Tom Szybist
2.6-2.7 (mailto:szybist@boxhill.com),
Frank Ridderbusch
(mailto:ridderbusch.pad@sni.de))
SunOS Sparc v6.3 1998-03-01 Patches submitted (Tatsuo Ishii
4.1.4 (mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp))
SVR4 MIPS v6.4 1998-10-28 No 64-bit int compiler
support (Frank Ridderbusch
(mailto:ridderbusch.pad@sni.de))
Windows x86 v6.4 1999-01-06 Client-side libraries or
ODBC/JDBC. No server yet.
(Magnus Hagander
(mha@sollentuna.net)
Windows NT x86 v6.5 1999-05-26 Working with the Cygwin
library. (Daniel Horak
(mailto:Dan.Horak@email.cz))
Platforms listed for v6.3.x and v6.4.x should also
work with v6.5, but we did not receive explicit
confirmation of such at the time this list was
compiled.
Note: For Windows NT, the server-side port of
Postgres has recently been accomplished. Check the
Askesis Postgres Home Page for up to date
information. You may also want to look for
possible patches on the Postgres web site.
Postgres has recently been accomplished. The
Cygnus library is required to compile it.
Unsupported Platforms
......@@ -152,39 +167,37 @@ Unsupported Platforms
Table 2-2. Possibly Incompatible Platforms
OS Processor Version Reported Remarks
MacOS all v6.3 1998-03-01 not library compatible;
MacOS all v6.3 1998-03-01 Not library compatible;
use ODBC/JDBC
NetBSD arm32 v6.3 1998-03-01 not yet working (Dave
Millen)
NetBSD m68k v6.3 1998-03-01 Amiga, HP300, Mac; not
yet working (Henry Hotz)
NextStep x86 v6.x 1998-03-01 client-only support;
NextStep x86 v6.x 1998-03-01 Client-only support;
v1.0.9 worked with
patches (David Wetzel)
Ultrix MIPS,VAX? v6.x 1998-03-01 no recent reports;
obsolete?
Windows x86 v6.3 1998-03-01 not library compatible;
client side maybe; use
ODBC/JDBC
patches (David Wetzel
(mailto:dave@turbocat.de))
SVR4 4.4 m88k v6.2.1 1998-03-01 Confirmed with patching;
v6.4.x will need TAS
spinlock code (Doug Winterburn
(mailto:dlw@seavme.xroads.com))
Ultrix MIPS,VAX? v6.x 1998-03-01 No recent reports; obsolete?
Note that Windows ports of the frontend are
apparently possible using third-party Posix porting
tools and libraries.
Chapter 3. Installation
Complete installation instructions for Postgres v6.4.
Complete installation instructions for Postgres
v6.5.
Before installing Postgres, you may wish to visit
www.postgresql.org for up to date information,
patches, etc.
www.postgresql.org (http://www.postgresql.org) for up
to date information, patches, etc.
These installation instructions assume:
o Commands are Unix-compatible. See note below.
o Defaults are used except where noted.
o User postgres is the Postgres superuser.
o The source path is /usr/src/pgsql (other paths are possible).
o The runtime path is /usr/local/pgsql (other paths are possible).
Commands were tested on RedHat Linux version 4.2
Commands were tested on RedHat Linux version 5.2
using the tcsh shell. Except where noted, they will
probably work on most systems. Commands like ps and
tar may vary wildly between platforms on what options
......@@ -200,9 +213,10 @@ Chapter 3. Installation
Requirements to Run Postgres
Up to date information on supported platforms is at
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/install.htm. In
general, most Unix-compatible platforms with modern
libraries should be able to run Postgres.
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/install.htm
(http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/install.htm).
In general, most Unix-compatible platforms with
modern libraries should be able to run Postgres.
Although the minimum required memory for running
Postgres is as little as 8MB, there are noticable
improvements in runtimes for the regression tests
......@@ -229,13 +243,13 @@ Requirements to Run Postgres
$ df -k
Installation Procedure
Procedure 3.1. Postgres Installation
Installation Procedure
Postgres Installation
For a fresh install or upgrading from previous
releases of Postgres:
1. Read any last minute information and platform
specific porting notes. There are some platform
specific notes at the end of this file for
......@@ -257,32 +271,27 @@ Installation Procedure
current release due to minor problems. Any such
known problems and their solutions will be posted
in ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/INSTALL.
2. Create the Postgres superuser account (postgres is
commonly used) if it does not already exist.
The owner of the Postgres files can be any
unprivileged user account. It must not be root,
bin, or any other account with special access
rights, as that would create a security risk.
3. Log in to the Postgres superuser account. Most of
the remaining steps in the installation will
happen in this account.
4. Ftp file
ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-v6.4.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-v6.5.tar.gz
from the Internet. Store it in your home directory.
5. Some platforms use flex. If your system uses flex
then make sure you have a good version. To check,
type
$ flex --version
If the flex command is not found then you probably
do not need it. If the version is 2.5.2 or 2.5.4
or greater then you are okay. If it is 2.5.3 or
before 2.5.2 then you will have to upgrade flex.
You may get it at
If the flex command is not found then you
probably do not need it. If the version is 2.5.2
or 2.5.4 or greater then you are okay. If it is
2.5.3 or before 2.5.2 then you will have to
upgrade flex. You may get it at
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/flex-2.5.4.tar.gz.
If you need flex and don't have it or have the
wrong version, then you will be told so when you
......@@ -316,7 +325,6 @@ Installation Procedure
/usr/bin/flex, /usr/lib/libfl.a,
/usr/include/FlexLexer.h and will add a link
/usr/bin/flex++ which points to flex.
6. If you are not upgrading an existing system then
skip to step 9. If you are upgrading an existing
system then back up your database. For alpha- and
......@@ -327,22 +335,22 @@ Installation Procedure
from previous releases. It is therefore a bad idea
to skip this step.
Tip: Do not use the pg_dumpall script from v6.0 or
everything will be owned by the Postgres super
user.
Tip: Do not use the pg_dumpall script from v6.0
or everything will be owned by the Postgres
super user.
To dump your fairly recent post-v6.0 database
installation, type
$ pg_dumpall -z > db.out
$ pg_dumpall > db.out
To use the latest pg_dumpall script on your
existing older database before upgrading Postgres,
pull the most recent version of pg_dumpall from
the new distribution:
$ cd
$ gunzip -c postgresql-v6.4.tar.gz \
$ gunzip -c postgresql-v6.5.tar.gz \
| tar xvf - src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall
$ chmod a+x src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall
$ src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall -z > db.out
$ src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall > db.out
$ rm -rf src
If you wish to preserve object id's (oids), then
use the -o option when running pg_dumpall.
......@@ -379,7 +387,6 @@ Installation Procedure
of processes. Type the following line, with pid
replaced by the process id for process postmaster.
(Do not use the id for process "grep postmaster".)
Type
$ kill pid
to actually stop the process.
......@@ -406,15 +413,14 @@ Installation Procedure
$ cd /usr/local
$ mv pgsql pgsql_6_0
$ exit
If you are not using /usr/local/pgsql/data as your
data directory (check to see if environment
If you are not using /usr/local/pgsql/data as
your data directory (check to see if environment
variable PGDATA is set to something else) then you
will also want to move this directory in the same
manner.
9. Make new source and install directories. The
actual paths can be different for your
installation but you must be consistant throughout
installation but you must be consistent throughout
this procedure.
Note: There are two places in this installation
......@@ -422,7 +428,7 @@ Installation Procedure
specify installation locations for programs,
libraries, documentation, and other files.
Usually it is sufficient to specify these at the
make install stage of installation.
gmake install stage of installation.
Type
$ su
......@@ -435,7 +441,7 @@ Installation Procedure
$ exit
10. Unzip and untar the new source file. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql
$ gunzip -c ~/postgresql-v6.4.tar.gz | tar xvf -
$ gunzip -c ~/postgresql-v6.5.tar.gz | tar xvf -
11. Configure the source code for your system. It
is this step at which you can specify your actual
installation path for the build process (see the
......@@ -455,9 +461,10 @@ Installation Procedure
Please Report Problems: If your system is not
automatically recognized by configure and
you have to do this, please send email to
scrappy@hub.org with the output of the
program ./config.guess. Indicate what the
template file should be.
scrappy@hub.org (mailto:scrappy@hub.org)
with the output of the program
./config.guess. Indicate what the template
file should be.
b. Choose configuration options. Check
Configuration Options for details. However,
......@@ -472,7 +479,8 @@ Installation Procedure
configuration. To see them all, type
./configure --help
Some of the more commonly used ones are:
--prefix=BASEDIR Selects a different base directory
--prefix=BASEDIR Selects a different base directory for the
installation of the Postgres configuration.
The default is /usr/local/pgsql.
--with-template=TEMPLATE
Use template file TEMPLATE - the template
......@@ -485,8 +493,7 @@ Installation Procedure
--enable-hba Enables Host Based Authentication (DEFAULT)
--disable-hba Disables Host Based Authentication
--enable-locale Enables USE_LOCALE
--enable-cassert Enables
ASSERT_CHECKING
--enable-cassert Enables ASSERT_CHECKING
--with-CC=compiler
Use a specific C compiler that the configure
script cannot find.
......@@ -496,7 +503,8 @@ Installation Procedure
script cannot find, or exclude C++ compilation
altogether. (This only affects libpq++ at
present.)
c. Here is the configure script used on a Sparc Solaris 2.5 system with /opt/postgres
c. Here is the configure script used on a Sparc
Solaris 2.5 system with /opt/postgres
specified as the installation base directory:
$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/postgres \
--with-template=sparc_solaris-gcc
......@@ -512,16 +520,14 @@ Installation Procedure
The documentation is also available in Postscript
format. Look for files ending with .ps.gz in the
same directory.
13. <removed>
14. Compile the program. Type
13. Compile the program. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
$ gmake all >& make.log &
$ tail -f make.log
The last line displayed will hopefully be
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to
install.
Remember, ?gmake? may be called ?make? on your system.
At this point, or earlier if you wish, type
control-C to get out of tail. (If you have
problems later on you may wish to examine file
......@@ -535,7 +541,7 @@ Installation Procedure
the flex command cannot be found then install flex
as described earlier. Next, change directory back
to this directory, type
$ make clean
$ gmake clean
then recompile again.
Compiler options, such as optimization and
debugging, may be specified on the command line
......@@ -544,8 +550,7 @@ Installation Procedure
would invoke your compiler's -g option in all
steps of the build. See src/Makefile.global.in for
further details.
15. Install the program. Type
14. Install the program. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
$ gmake install >& make.install.log &
$ tail -f make.install.log
......@@ -553,9 +558,9 @@ Installation Procedure
gmake[1]: Leaving directory
`/usr/src/pgsql/src/man'
At this point, or earlier if you wish, type
control-C to get out of tail.
16. If necessary, tell your system how to find
control-C to get out of tail. Remember, ?gmake? may
be called ?make? on your system.
15. If necessary, tell your system how to find
the new shared libraries. You can do one of the
following, preferably the first:
a. As root, edit file /etc/ld.so.conf. Add a
......@@ -577,8 +582,7 @@ Installation Procedure
pg_id: can't load library 'libpq.so'
then the above step was necessary. Simply do this
step, then try to create the database again.
17. If you used the --with-perl option to
16. If you used the --with-perl option to
configure, check the install log to see whether
the Perl module was actually installed. If you've
followed our advice to make the Postgres files be
......@@ -591,7 +595,8 @@ Installation Procedure
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/interfaces/perl5
$ gmake install
18. If it has not already been done, then prepare
17. If it has not already been done, then prepare
account postgres for using Postgres. Any account
that will use Postgres must be similarly prepared.
There are several ways to influence the runtime
......@@ -602,6 +607,7 @@ Installation Procedure
bash/sh shell. Adapt accordingly for other
shells.
a. Add the following lines to your login
environment: shell, ~/.bash_profile:
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
......@@ -609,7 +615,9 @@ Installation Procedure
PGLIB=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data
export PATH MANPATH PGLIB PGDATA
b. Several regression tests could failed if the
b. Several regression tests could fail if the
user's locale collation scheme is different
from that of standard C locale.
If you configure and compile Postgres with
......@@ -622,19 +630,24 @@ Installation Procedure
LC_CTYPE=C
LC_COLLATE=C
export LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_COLLATE
c. Make sure that you have defined these
variables before continuing with the
remaining steps. The easiest way to do this
is to type:
$ source ~/.bash_profile
19. Create the database installation from your
18. Create the database installation from your
Postgres superuser account (typically account
postgres). Do not do the following as root! This
would be a major security hole. Type
$ initdb
20. Set up permissions to access the database
19. Set up permissions to access the database
system. Do this by editing file
/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf. The
instructions are included in the file. (If your
......@@ -646,8 +659,7 @@ Installation Procedure
later you can copy file pg_hba.conf from your old
database on top of the one in your new database,
rather than redoing the file from scratch.
21. Briefly test that the backend will start and
20. Briefly test that the backend will start and
run by running it from the command line.
a. Start the postmaster daemon running in the
background by typing
......@@ -664,8 +676,7 @@ Installation Procedure
f. Remove the test database (unless you will
want to use it later for other tests):
$ destroydb
22. Run postmaster in the background from your
21. Run postmaster in the background from your
Postgres superuser account (typically account
postgres). Do not run postmaster from the root
account!
......@@ -692,7 +703,7 @@ Installation Procedure
o Edit file rc.local on NetBSD or file rc2.d on
SPARC Solaris 2.5.1 to contain the following
single line:
su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster \
-S -D /usr/local/pgsql/data"
o In FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE edit
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/pgsql.sh to contain the
......@@ -701,10 +712,10 @@ Installation Procedure
#!/bin/sh
[ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ] && {
su -l pgsql -c 'exec
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
-D/usr/local/pgsql/data
-S -o -F > /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' &
echo -n ' pgsql'
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster \
-D/usr/local/pgsql/data \
-S -o -F > /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' \
& echo -n ' pgsql'
}
You may put the line breaks as shown above. The
shell is smart enough to keep parsing beyond
......@@ -719,14 +730,14 @@ Installation Procedure
o In RedHat Linux edit file /etc/inittab to add the
following as a single line:
pg:2345:respawn:/bin/su - postgres -c
"/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D/usr/local/pgsql/data
>> /usr/local/pgsql/server.log 2>&1 </dev/null"
"/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster \
-D/usr/local/pgsql/data \
>> /usr/local/pgsql/server.log 2>&1 \
</dev/null"
(The author of this example says this example
will revive the postmaster if it dies, but he
doesn't know if there are other side effects.)
23. Run the regression tests. The file
22. Run the regression tests. The file
/usr/src/pgsql/src/test/regress/README has
detailed instructions for running and interpreting
the regression tests. A short version follows
......@@ -760,16 +771,8 @@ Installation Procedure
it appears to be a significant issue.
For example,
o For a i686/Linux-ELF platform, no tests
failed since this is the v6.4 regression
failed since this is the v6.5 regression
testing reference platform.
o For the SPARC/Linux-ELF platform, using the
970525 beta version of Postgres v6.2 the
following tests "failed": float8 and
geometry "failed" due to minor precision
differences in floating point numbers.
select_views produces massively different
output, but the differences are due to minor
floating point differences.
Even if a test result clearly indicates a
real failure, it may be a localized problem
that will not affect you. An example is that
......@@ -794,13 +797,12 @@ Installation Procedure
tests. (You may want to save the
regression.diffs file in another place before
doing this.)
24. If you haven't already done so, this would be
23. If you haven't already done so, this would be
a good time to modify your computer to do regular
maintainence. The following should be done at
regular intervals:
Procedure 3.2. Minimal Backup Procedure
Minimal Backup Procedure
1. Run the SQL command VACUUM. This will clean
up your database.
2. Back up your system. (You should probably
......@@ -808,14 +810,14 @@ Installation Procedure
no one else should be using the system at the
time.
Ideally, the above tasks should be done by a shell
script that is run nightly or weekly by cron. Look
at the man page for crontab for a starting point
on how to do this. (If you do it, please e-mail us
a copy of your shell script. We would like to set
up our own systems to do this too.)
25. If you are upgrading an existing system then
Ideally, the above tasks should be done by a
shell script that is run nightly or weekly by
cron. Look at the man page for crontab for a
starting point on how to do this. (If you do it,
please e-mail us a copy of your shell script. We
would like to set up our own systems to do this
too.)
24. If you are upgrading an existing system then
reinstall your old database. Type
$ cd
$ psql -e template1 < db.out
......@@ -834,19 +836,15 @@ Installation Procedure
fact from an old syntax, but RevertPoly() is
provided to reverse the effects of a mis-applied
upgrade.
26. If you are a new user, you may wish to play
25. If you are a new user, you may wish to play
with Postgres as described below.
27. Clean up after yourself. Type
$ rm -rf /usr/src/pgsql_6_0
$ rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql_6_0
# Also delete old database directory tree if it is
not in
# /usr/local/pgsql_6_0/data
$ rm ~/postgresql-v6.2.1.tar.gz
28. You will probably want to print out the
26. Clean up after yourself. Type
$ rm -rf /usr/src/pgsql_6_5
$ rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql_6_5
# Also delete old database directory tree if it is not in
# /usr/local/pgsql_6_5/data
$ rm ~/postgresql-v6.5.tar.gz
27. You will probably want to print out the
documentation. If you have a Postscript printer,
or have your machine already set up to accept
Postscript files using a print filter, then to
......@@ -856,22 +854,25 @@ Installation Procedure
Here is how you might do it if you have
Ghostscript on your system and are writing to a
laserjet printer.
$ alias gshp='gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -dNOPAUSE'
$ alias gshp='gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300
-dNOPAUSE'
$ export
GS_LIB=/usr/share/ghostscript:/usr/share/ghostscript/fonts
$ gunzip user.ps.gz
$ gshp -sOUTPUTFILE=user.hp user.ps
$ gzip user.ps
$ lpr -l -s -r manpage.hp
29. The Postgres team wants to keep Postgres
28. The Postgres team wants to keep Postgres
working on all of the supported platforms. We
therefore ask you to let us know if you did or did
not get Postgres to work on you system. Please
send a mail message to pgsql-ports@postgresql.org
telling us the following:
o The version of Postgres (v6.4, 6.3.2, beta 981014, etc.).
o Your operating system (i.e. RedHat v5.1 Linux v2.0.34).
(mailto:pgsql-ports@postgresql.org) telling us the
following:
o The version of Postgres (v6.5, 6.4.2, beta
981014, etc.).
o Your operating system (i.e. RedHat v5.1 Linux
v2.0.34).
o Your hardware (SPARC, i486, etc.).
o Did you compile, install and run the regression
tests cleanly? If not, what source code did you
......@@ -879,7 +880,7 @@ Installation Procedure
made, etc.), what tests failed, etc. It is normal
to get many warning when you compile. You do not
need to report these.
30. Now create, access and manipulate databases
29. Now create, access and manipulate databases
as desired. Write client programs to access the
database server. In other words, enjoy!
......@@ -939,12 +940,12 @@ Playing with Postgres
foo=> \d bar
Table = bar
+--------------+--------------+-------+
+--------------+---------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Length|
+--------------+--------------+-------+
+--------------+---------------+-------+
| i | int4 | 4 |
| c | (bp)char | 16 |
+--------------+--------------+-------+
+--------------+---------------+-------+
And so on. You get the idea.
......@@ -963,66 +964,20 @@ The Next Step
Porting Notes
Note: Check for any platform-specific FAQs in the
doc/ directory of the source distribution. For
some ports, the notes below may be out of date.
Ultrix4.x
Note: There have been no recent reports of Ultrix
usage with Postgres.
You need to install the libdl-1.1 package since
Ultrix 4.x doesn't have a dynamic loader. It's
available in
s2k-ftp.CS.Berkeley.EDU:pub/personal/andrew/libdl-1.-
1.tar.Z
Linux
Linux ELF
The regression test reference machine is a
linux-2.0.30/libc-5.3.12/RedHat-4.2 installation
running on a dual processor i686. The linux-elf port
installs cleanly. See the Linux FAQ for more details.
Linux a.out
For non-ELF Linux, the dld library MUST be obtained
and installed on the system. It enables dynamic link
loading capability to the Postgres port. The dld
library can be obtained from the sunsite linux
distributions. The current name is dld-3.2.5. Jalon
Q. Zimmerman
BSD/OS
For BSD/OS 2.0 and 2.01, you will need to get the GNU
dld library.
NeXT
The NeXT port for v1.09 was supplied by Tom R.
Hageman. It requires a SysV IPC emulation library and
header files for shared libary and semaphore stuff.
Tom just happens to sell such a product so contact
him for information. He has also indicated that
binary releases of Postgres for NEXTSTEP will be made
available to the general public. Contact Info@RnA.nl
for information.
We have no recent reports of successful NeXT
installations (as of v6.2.1). However, the
client-side libraries should work even if the backend
is not supported.
Check for any platform-specific FAQs in the doc/
directory of the source distribution.
Chapter 4. Configuration Options
Parameters for Configuration (configure)
The full set of parameters available in configure can
be obtained by typing
The full set of parameters available in configure
can be obtained by typing
$ ./configure --help
The following parameters may be of interest to
installers:
......@@ -1046,32 +1001,35 @@ Parameters for Configuration (configure)
--with-libs=incdir also search for libraries in DIR
--with-libraries=libdir also search for libraries in DIR
--enable-locale enable locale support
--enable-recode enable cyrillic recode
support
--enable-recode enable cyrillic recode support
--with-mb=encoding enable multi-byte support
--with-pgport=portnum change default startup port
--with-tcl use tcl
--with-maxbackends=n set default maximum number of
server processes
--with-tcl build Tcl interfaces and pgtclsh
--with-tclconfig=tcldir tclConfig.sh and tkConfig.sh are in DIR
--with-perl use perl
--with-perl build Perl interface
--with-odbc build ODBC driver package
--with-odbcinst=odbcdir change default directory for odbcinst.ini
--enable-cassert enable assertion checks (debugging)
--with-CC=compiler use specific C compiler
--with-CXX=compiler use specific C++ compiler
--without-CXX do not build libpq++
--without-CXX prevent building C++ code
Some systems may have trouble building a specific
feature of Postgres. For example, systems with a
damaged C++ compiler may need to specify
--without-CXX to encourage the build procedure to
ignore the libpq++ construction.
--without-CXX to instruct the build procedure to skip
construction of libpq++.
Parameters for Building (make)
Many installation-related parameters can be set in
the building stage of Postgres installation.
In most cases, these parameters should be place in a
file, Makefile.custom, intended just for that
In most cases, these parameters should be placed in
a file, Makefile.custom, intended just for that
purpose. The default distribution does not contain
this optional file, so you will create it using a
text editor of your choice. When upgrading
......@@ -1081,46 +1039,60 @@ Parameters for Building (make)
make [ variable=value [,...] ]
A few of the many variables which can be specified
are:
POSTGRESDIR
Top of the installation tree.
BINDIR
Location of applications and utilities.
LIBDIR
Location of object libraries, including shared
libraries.
HEADERDIR
Location of include files.
ODBCINST
Location of installation-wide psqlODBC (ODBC)
configuration file.
There are other optional parameters which are not as
commonly used. Many of those listed below are
appropriate when doing Postgres server code
development.
CFLAGS
Set flags for the C compiler. Should be assigned
with "+=" to retain relevant default parameters.
YFLAGS
Set flags for the yacc/bison parser. -v might be
used to help diagnose problems building a new
parser. Should be assigned with "+=" to retain
relevant default parameters.
USE_TCL
Enable Tcl interface building.
HSTYLE
DocBook HTML style sheets for building the
documentation from scratch. Not used unless you
are developing new documentation from the
DocBook-compatible SGML source documents in
doc/src/sgml/.
PSTYLE
DocBook style sheets for building printed
documentation from scratch. Not used unless you
are developing new documentation from the
DocBook-compatible SGML source documents in
doc/src/sgml/.
Here is an example Makefile.custom for a PentiumPro
Linux system:
......@@ -1132,14 +1104,20 @@ Parameters for Building (make)
# documentation
HSTYLE= /home/tgl/SGML/db118.d/docbook/html
PSTYLE= /home/tgl/SGML/db118.d/docbook/print
HSTYLE= /home/lockhart/SGML/db118.d/docbook/html
PSTYLE= /home/lockhart/SGML/db118.d/docbook/print
Locale Support
Note: Written by Oleg Bartunov. See Oleg's web
page for additional information on locale and
Russian language support.
page (http://www.sai.msu.su/~megera/postgres/) for
additional information on locale and Russian
language support.
While doing a project for a company in Moscow,
Russia, I encountered the problem that postgresql had
......@@ -1159,7 +1137,6 @@ Locale Support
incorporated into the Postgres distribution.
People often complain that locale doesn't work for
them. There are several common mistakes:
o Didn't properly configure postgresql before
compilation. You must run configure with
--enable-locale option to enable locale support.
......@@ -1173,10 +1150,13 @@ Locale Support
export LC_CTYPE=koi8-r
export LC_COLLATE=koi8-r
postmaster -B 1024 -S -D/usr/local/pgsql/data/ -o '-Fe'
postmaster -B 1024 -S
-D/usr/local/pgsql/data/ -o '-Fe'
and run it from rc.local as
/bin/su - postgres -c "/home/postgres/runpostgres"
/bin/su - postgres -c
"/home/postgres/runpostgres"
o Broken locale support in OS (for example, locale
support in libc under Linux several times has
......@@ -1192,11 +1172,11 @@ Locale Support
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = "not_exist",
LANG = (unset)
are supported and installed on your
system.
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard
locale ("C").
o Wrong location of locale files! Possible locations
include: /usr/lib/locale (Linux, Solaris),
/usr/share/locale (Linux), /usr/lib/nls/loc (DUX
......@@ -1205,6 +1185,7 @@ Locale Support
/usr/lib/locale and /usr/share/locale to be sure
that the next libc will not break my locale.
What are the Benefits?
You can use ~* and order by operators for strings
......@@ -1215,7 +1196,7 @@ What are the Benefits?
What are the Drawbacks?
There is one evident drawback of using locale - it's
There is one evident drawback of using locale - its
speed! So, use locale only if you really need it.
Kerberos Authentication
......@@ -1226,11 +1207,12 @@ Kerberos Authentication
Availability
The Kerberos authentication system is not distributed
with Postgres. Versions of Kerberos are typically
available as optional software from operating system
vendors. In addition, a source code distribution may
be obtained through MIT Project Athena.
The Kerberos authentication system is not
distributed with Postgres. Versions of Kerberos are
typically available as optional software from
operating system vendors. In addition, a source code
distribution may be obtained through MIT Project
Athena (ftp://athena-dist.mit.edu).
Note: You may wish to obtain the MIT version even
if your vendor provides a version, since some
......@@ -1242,10 +1224,13 @@ Availability
encryption code in Kerberos is restricted by U. S.
Government export regulations.
Inquiries regarding your Kerberos should be directed
to your vendor or MIT Project Athena. Note that FAQLs
to your vendor or MIT Project Athena
(info-kerberos@athena.mit.edu). Note that FAQLs
(Frequently-Asked Questions Lists) are periodically
posted to the Kerberos mailing list (send mail to
subscribe), and USENET news group.
posted to the Kerberos mailing list
(mailto:kerberos@ATHENA.MIT.EDU) (send mail to
subscribe (mailto:kerberos-request@ATHENA.MIT.EDU)),
and USENET news group (news:comp.protocols.kerberos).
Installation
......@@ -1282,266 +1267,327 @@ Operation
canonicalized as in Version 4 (i.e., with all
domain suffixes removed).
Table 4-1. Kerberos Parameter Examples
Param- Example
eter
Parameter Example
user frew@S2K.ORG
user aoki/HOST=miyu.S2K.Berkeley-
.EDU@S2K.ORG
host postgres_dbms/ucbvax@S2K.ORG
user aoki/HOST=miyu.S2K.Berkel-
ey.EDU@S2K.ORG
host postgres_dbms/ucbvax@S2K.-
ORG
Support for Version 4 will disappear sometime after
the production release of Version 5 by MIT.
the production release of Version 5 by MIT.
Chapter 5. Release Notes
Release 6.4
There are many new features and improvements in this
release. Thanks to our developers and maintainers,
nearly every aspect of the system has received some
attention since the previous release. Here is a
brief, incomplete summary:
o Views and rules are now functional thanks to
extensive new code in the rewrite rules system from
Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it for the
Programmer's Guide.
o Jan also contributed a second procedural language,
PL/pgSQL, to go with the original PL/pgTCL
procedural language he contributed last release.
o We have optional multiple-byte character set
support from Tatsuo Iishi to complement our
existing locale support.
o Client/server communications has been cleaned up,
with better support for asynchronous messages and
interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
o The parser will now perform automatic type coersion
to match arguments to available operators and
functions, and to match columns and expressions
with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism
which supports the type extensibility features of
Postgres. There is a new chapter in the User's
Guide which covers this topic.
o Three new data types have been added. Two types,
inet and cidr, support various forms of IP network,
subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an
8-byte integer type available on some platforms.
See the chapter on data types in the User's Guide
for details. A fourth type, serial, is now
supported by the parser as an amalgam of the int4
type, a sequence, and a unique index.
o Several more SQL92-compatible syntax features have
been added, including INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
o The automatic configuration and installation system
has received some attention, and should be more
robust for more platforms than it has ever been.
Migration to v6.4
Release 6.5
This release marks a major step in the development
team's mastery of the source code we inherited from
Berkeley. You will see we are now easily adding major
features, thanks to the increasing size and
experience of our world-wide development team.
Here is a brief summary of some of the more
noticable changes:
Multi-version concurrency control(MVCC)
This removes our old table-level locking, and
replaces it with a locking system that is superior
to most commercial database systems. In a
traditional system, each row that is modified is
locked until committed, preventing reads by other
users. MVCC uses the natural multi-version nature
of PostgreSQL to allow readers to continue reading
consistent data during writer activity. Writers
continue to use the compact pg_log transaction
system. This is all performed without having to
allocate a lock for every row like traditional
database systems. So, basically, we no longer are
restricted by simple table-level locking; we have
something better than row-level locking.
Numeric data type
We now have a true numeric data type, with
user-specified precision.
Temporary tables
Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique
names within a database session, and are destroyed
on session exit.
New SQL features
We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
support. We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION
ISOLATION LEVEL, SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an
improved LOCK command.
Speedups
We continue to speed up PostgreSQL, thanks to the
variety of talents within our team. We have sped
up memory allocation, optimization, table joins,
and row transfer routines.
Ports
We continue to expand our port list, this time
including WinNT/ix86 and NetBSD/arm32.
Interfaces
Most interfaces have new versions, and existing
functionality has been improved.
Migration to v6.5
A dump/restore using pg_dump or pg_dumpall is
required for those wishing to migrate data from any
previous release of Postgres.
The new Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)
features can give somewhat different behaviors in
multi-user environments. Read and understand the
following section to ensure that your existing
applications will give you the behavior you need.
Multi-Version Concurrency Control
Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless
of transaction isolation level, data read by one
transaction can be overwritten by another. In the
other words, if a row is returned by SELECT it
doesn't mean that this row really exists at the time
it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
transaction began) nor that the row is protected from
deletion or updation by concurrent transactions
before the current transaction does a commit or
rollback.
To ensure the actual existance of a row and protect
it against concurrent updates one must use SELECT FOR
UPDATE or an appropriate LOCK TABLE statement. This
should be taken into account when porting
applications from previous releases of Postgres and
other environments.
Keep above in mind if you are using contrib/refint.*
triggers for referential integrity. Additional
technics are required now. One way is to use LOCK
parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE command if a
transaction is going to update/delete a primary key
and use LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE command if a
transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
Note: Note that if you run a transaction in
SERIALIZABLE mode then you must execute LOCK
commands above before execution of any DML
statement
(SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO) in the
transaction.
These inconveniences will disappear in the future
when the ability to read dirty (uncommitted) data
(regardless of isolation level) and true referential
integrity will be implemented.
Detailed Change List
Bug Fixes
---------
Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many
backends (dg)
Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and
encoding(Thomas)
Fix problem with table drop after rollback of
transaction(Vadim)
Change error message and remove non-functional update
message(Vadim)
Fix for COPY array checking
Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions
btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
Fix problems with username/passwords over 8
characters(Tom)
Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in
backend(Tom)
Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
Fix text<->float8 and text<->float4 conversion
functions(Thomas)
Fix for creating tables with mixed-case
constraints(Billy)
Change exp()/pow() behavior to generate error on
underflow/overflow(Jan)
Fix bug in pg_dump -z
Memory overrun cleanups(Tatsuo)
Fix for lo_import crash(Tatsuo)
Adjust handling of data type names to suppress double
quotes(Thomas)
Use type coersion for matching columns and
DEFAULT(Thomas)
Fix deadlock so it only checks once after one second
of sleep(Bruce)
Fixes for aggregates and PL/pgsql(Hiroshi)
Fix for subquery crash(Vadim)
Fix for libpq function PQfnumber and case-insensitive
names(Bahman Rafatjoo)
Fix for large object write-in-middle, no extra block,
memory consumption(Tatsuo)
Fix for pg_dump -d or -D and quote special
characters in INSERT
Repair serious problems with dynahash(Tom)
Fix INET/CIDR portability problems
Fix problem with selectivity error in ALTER TABLE ADD
COLUMN(Bruce)
Fix executor so mergejoin of different column types
works(Tom)
Fix for Alpha OR selectivity bug
Fix OR index selectivity problem(Bruce)
Fix so \d shows proper length for
char()/varchar()(Ryan)
Fix tutorial code(Clark)
Improve destroyuser checking(Oliver)
Fix for Kerberos(Rodney McDuff)
Fix for dropping database while dirty buffers(Bruce)
Fix so sequence nextval() can be
case-sensitive(Bruce)
Fix !!= operator
Drop buffers before destroying database files(Bruce)
Fix case where executor evaluates functions
twice(Tatsuo)
Allow sequence nextval actions to be
case-sensitive(Bruce)
Fix optimizer indexing not working for negative
numbers(Bruce)
Fix for memory leak in executor with fjIsNull
Fix for aggregate memory leaks(Erik Riedel)
Allow username containing a dash GRANT permissions
Cleanup of NULL in inet types
Clean up system table bugs(Tom)
Fix problems of PAGER and \? command(Masaaki Sakaida)
Reduce default multi-segment file size limit to
1GB(Peter)
Fix for dumping of CREATE OPERATOR(Tom)
Fix for backward scanning of cursors(Hiroshi Inoue)
Fix for COPY FROM STDIN when using \i(Tom)
Fix for subselect is compared inside an
expression(Jan)
Fix handling of error reporting while returning
rows(Tom)
Fix problems with reference to array types(Tom,Jan)
Prevent UPDATE SET oid(Jan)
Fix pg_dump so -t option can handle case-sensitive
tablenames
Fixes for GROUP BY in special cases(Tom, Jan)
Fix for memory leak in failed queries(Tom)
DEFAULT now supports mixed-case identifiers(Tom)
Fix for multi-segment uses of DROP/RENAME table,
indexes(Ole Gjerde)
Enhancements
------------
Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see
src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
Multi-byte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
Libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
Psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
Libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
Readline cleanups(Tom)
Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
included in the target list(David)
Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multi-bytes
feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
/contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
Libpq can now be compiled on win32(Magnus)
Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
Allow UNION in subselects
Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects
and unions(Stephan)
Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
the postmaster log file(Bruce)
Add Indices display to \d command(Bruce)
Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
Allow binary-compatible indices to be considered when checking for valid
indices for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
* Rules on relations work
* Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
* New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
* Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
* Insert/update/delete rules on views work
* Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
* Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
* Rules and views inherit the permissions on the creator
* No rules at the column level
* No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
* New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
* Only a single action on SELECT rules
* Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
* handle subselects
* handle aggregates on views
* handle insert into select from view works
System indexes are now multi-key(Bruce)
Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
User lock enhancements(Massimo)
New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
Auto-remove unix socket file on startup if no postmaster running(Massimo)
Conditional trace package(Massimo)
New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
Psql and libpq now compile under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
Createuser options now availble on the command line
Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
Remove ARCHIVE keyword, that is no longer used(Thomas)
pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
disable system columns for views(Jan)
new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
no more double quotes in psql output pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
Add "vacuumdb" utility
Speed up libpq by allocating memory better(Tom)
EXPLAIN all indices used(Tom)
Implement CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF expression(Thomas)
New pg_dump table output format(Constantin)
Add string min()/max() functions(Thomas)
Extend new type coersion techniques to
aggregates(Thomas)
New moddatetime contrib(Terry)
Update to pgaccess 0.96(Constantin)
Add routines for single-byte "char" type(Thomas)
Improved substr() function(Thomas)
Improved multi-byte handling(Tatsuo)
Multi-version concurrency control/MVCC(Vadim)
New Serialized mode(Vadim)
Fix for tables over 2gigs(Peter)
New SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL(Vadim)
New LOCK TABLE IN ... MODE(Vadim)
Update ODBC driver(Byron)
New NUMERIC data type(Jan)
New SELECT FOR UPDATE(Vadim)
Handle "NaN" and "Infinity" for input values(Jan)
Improved date/year handling(Thomas)
Improved handling of backend connections(Magnus)
New options ELOG_TIMESTAMPS and USE_SYSLOG options
for log files(Massimo)
New TCL_ARRAYS option(Massimo)
New INTERSECT and EXCEPT(Stefan)
New pg_index.indisprimary for primary key
tracking(D'Arcy)
New pg_dump option to allow dropping of tables before
creation(Brook)
Speedup of row output routines(Tom)
New READ COMMITTED isolation level(Vadim)
New TEMP tables/indexes(Bruce)
Prevent sorting if result is already sorted(Jan)
New memory allocation optimization(Jan)
Allow psql to do \p\g(Bruce)
Allow multiple rule actions(Jan)
Added LIMIT/OFFSET functionality(Jan)
Improve optimizer when joining a large number of
tables(Bruce)
New intro to SQL from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis
(Stefan, Thomas)
New intro to backend processing from S. Simkovics'
Master's Thesis (Stefan)
Improved int8 support(Ryan Bradetich, Thomas, Tom)
New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar
types(Thomas)
New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set
at configure time
(--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N
backends))(Tom)
GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer
speedups(Tom)
Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either
"automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
Allow psql \d on a view show query(Ryan)
Speedup for LIKE(Bruce)
Ecpg fixes/features, see
src/interfaces/ecpg/ChangeLog file(Michael)
JDBC fixes/features, see
src/interfaces/jdbc/CHANGELOG(Peter)
Make % operator have precedence like /(Bruce)
Add new postgres -O option to allow system table
structure changes(Bruce)
Update contrib/pginterface/findoidjoins script(Tom)
Major speedup in vacuum of deleted rows with
indexes(Vadim)
Allow non-SQL functions to run different versions
based on arguments(Tom)
Add -E option that shows actual queries sent by \dt
and friends(Masaaki Sakaida)
Add version number in startup banners for
psql(Masaaki Sakaida)
New contrib/vacuumlo removes large objects not
referenced(Peter)
New initialization for table sizes so non-vacuumed
tables perform better(Tom)
Improve error messages when a connection is
rejected(Tom)
Support for arrays of char() and varchar()
fields(Massimo)
Overhaul of hash code to increase reliability and
performance(Tom)
Update to PyGreSQL 2.4(D'Arcy)
Changed debug options so -d4 and -d5 produce
different node displays(Jan)
New pg_options: pretty_plan, pretty_parse,
pretty_rewritten(Jan)
Better optimization statistics for system table
access(Tom)
Better handling of non-default block sizes(Massimo)
Improve GEQO optimizer memory consumption(Tom)
UNION now suppports ORDER BY of columns not in target
list(Jan)
Major libpq++ improvements(Vince Vielhaber)
Source Tree Changes
-------------------
/contrib cleanup(Jun)
Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
Alpha/linux fixes
Hp/UX cleanups(Tom)
Multi-byte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
Remove --disabled options from configure
Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
Make regression optional
Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
New FAQ_CVS
Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
Sco 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
Even more documention(Thomas)
Nextstep support(Jacek)
Aix support(David)
pginterface manual page(Bruce)
shared libraries all have version numbers
merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
smarter perl configuration(Brook)
configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
Improve port matching(Tom)
Portability fixes for SunOS
Add NT/Win32 backend port and enable dynamic
loading(Magnus and Daniel Horak)
New port to Cobalt Qube(Mips) running Linux(Tatsuo)
Port to NetBSD/m68k(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
Port to NetBSD/sun3(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
Port to NetBSD/macppc(Toshimi Aoki)
Fix for tcl/tk configuration(Vince)
Removed CURRENT keyword for rule queries(Jan)
NT dynamic loading now works(Daniel Horak)
Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
Better support for HPUX 11 and Unixware
Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent
file descriptor leak(Tom)
New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
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