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Postgres FD Implementation
Commit 3942ee38 authored by Peter Eisentraut's avatar Peter Eisentraut
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Update section on SQL syntax. (Still a lot to be done though.) Add 

appendix with comprehensive list of key words.
parent 3ff76734
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doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml,v 2.15 2000/12/22 21:51:57 petere Exp $ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml,v 2.16 2001/01/06 11:58:55 petere Exp $
Date/time details Date/time details
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<appendix label="UG1" id="datetime-appendix"> <appendix id="datetime-appendix">
<title id="datetime-appendix-title">Date/Time Support</title> <title id="datetime-appendix-title">Date/Time Support</title>
<sect1 id="timezones"> <sect1 id="timezones">
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doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
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<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml"> <!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml"> <!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
...@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ ...@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
<!entity storage SYSTEM "storage.sgml"> <!entity storage SYSTEM "storage.sgml">
<!entity syntax SYSTEM "syntax.sgml"> <!entity syntax SYSTEM "syntax.sgml">
<!entity typeconv SYSTEM "typeconv.sgml"> <!entity typeconv SYSTEM "typeconv.sgml">
<!entity keywords SYSTEM "keywords.sgml">
<!-- reference pages --> <!-- reference pages -->
<!entity % allfiles SYSTEM "ref/allfiles.sgml"> <!entity % allfiles SYSTEM "ref/allfiles.sgml">
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<appendix id="sql-keywords-appendix">
<title><acronym>SQL</acronym> Key Words</title>
<para>
<xref linkend="keywords-table"> lists all tokens that are key words
in the SQL standard and in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
&version;. Background information can be found in <xref
linkend="sql-syntax-identifiers">.
</para>
<para>
SQL distinguishes between <firstterm>reserved</firstterm> and
<firstterm>non-reserved</firstterm> key words. Reserved key words
are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers.
Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular
contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most
non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables
and functions specified by SQL and the concept of non-reserved key
words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning
is attached to a word in some contexts.
</para>
<para>
In the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> parser life is a bit
more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens
ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those
that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to
an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for
functions specified by SQL.) Most SQL reserved key words are not
completely reserved in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, but
can be used as column label (as in <literal>SELECT 55 AS
CHECK</literal>, even though <token>CHECK</token> is a reserved key
word).
</para>
<para>
In <xref linkend="keywords-table"> in the column for
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> we classify as
<quote>non-reserved</quote> those key words that are explicitly
known to the parser but are allowed in most or all contexts where an
identifier is expected. Labeled <quote>reserved</quote> are those
tokens that are only allowed as <quote>AS</quote> column label names
(and perhaps in very few other contexts). The token
<token>AS</token> is the only exception: it cannot even be used as a
column label. As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors
for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an
identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the
problem goes away.
</para>
<para>
It is important to understand before studying <xref
linkend="keywords-table"> that the fact that a key word is not
reserved in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> does not mean that
the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the
presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.
</para>
<!--
The following table is semi-automatically generated. You can update it
manually, but when you have a lot of changes talk to <peter_e@gmx.net>
about remaking it.
-->
<table id="keywords-table">
<title><acronym>SQL</acronym> Key Words</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Key Word</entry>
<entry><productname>PostgreSQL</productname></entry>
<entry><acronym>SQL</acronym> 99</entry>
<entry><acronym>SQL</acronym> 92</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><token>ABORT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ABS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ABSOLUTE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ACCESS</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ACTION</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ADA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ADD</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ADMIN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>AFTER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>AGGREGATE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ALIAS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ALL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ALLOCATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ALTER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ANALYSE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ANALYZE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>AND</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ANY</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ARE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ARRAY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>AS</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ASC</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ASENSITIVE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ASSERTION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ASSIGNMENT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ASYMMETRIC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>AT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ATOMIC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>AUTHORIZATION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>AVG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BACKWARD</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BEFORE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BEGIN</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BETWEEN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BINARY</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BIT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BITVAR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BIT_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BLOB</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BOOLEAN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BOTH</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BREADTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>BY</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>C</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CACHE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CALL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CALLED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CARDINALITY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CASCADE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CASCADED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CASE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CAST</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CATALOG_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHAIN</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHAR</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHARACTER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHARACTERISTICS</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHARACTER_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHARACTER_SET_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHAR_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHECK</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHECKED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CHECKPOINT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CLASS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CLASS_ORIGIN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CLOB</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CLOSE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CLUSTER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COALESCE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COBOL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COLLATE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COLLATION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COLLATION_CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COLLATION_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COLLATION_SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COLUMN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COLUMN_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COMMAND_FUNCTION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COMMENT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COMMIT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COMMITTED</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COMPLETION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONDITION_NUMBER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONNECT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONNECTION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONNECTION_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONSTRAINT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONSTRAINTS</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONSTRAINT_CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONSTRAINT_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONSTRUCTOR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONTAINS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONTINUE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CONVERT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COPY</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CORRESPONDING</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>COUNT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CREATE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CREATEDB</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CREATEUSER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CROSS</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CUBE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURRENT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURRENT_DATE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURRENT_PATH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURRENT_ROLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURRENT_TIME</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURRENT_USER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURSOR</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CURSOR_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>CYCLE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DATA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DATABASE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DAY</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEALLOCATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEC</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DECIMAL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DECLARE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEFAULT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEFERRABLE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEFERRED</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEFINED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEFINER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DELETE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DELIMITERS</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEPTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DEREF</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DESC</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DESCRIBE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DESCRIPTOR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DESTROY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DESTRUCTOR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DETERMINISTIC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DIAGNOSTICS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DICTIONARY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DISCONNECT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DISPATCH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DISTINCT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DO</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DOMAIN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DOUBLE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DROP</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DYNAMIC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DYNAMIC_FUNCTION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EACH</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ELSE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ENCODING</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>END</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>END-EXEC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EQUALS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ESCAPE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EVERY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXCEPT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXCEPTION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXCLUSIVE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXEC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXECUTE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXISTING</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXISTS</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXPLAIN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXTEND</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXTERNAL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>EXTRACT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FALSE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FETCH</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FINAL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FIRST</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FLOAT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FOR</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FORCE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FOREIGN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FORTRAN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FORWARD</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FOUND</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FREE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FROM</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FULL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>FUNCTION</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>G</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GENERAL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GENERATED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GET</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GLOBAL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GO</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GOTO</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GRANT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GRANTED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GROUP</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>GROUPING</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>HANDLER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>HAVING</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>HIERARCHY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>HOLD</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>HOST</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>HOUR</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>IDENTITY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>IGNORE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ILIKE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>IMMEDIATE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>IMPLEMENTATION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>IN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INCREMENT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INDEX</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INDICATOR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INFIX</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INHERITS</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INITIALIZE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INITIALLY</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INNER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INOUT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INPUT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INSENSITIVE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INSERT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INSTANCE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INSTANTIABLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INSTEAD</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INTEGER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INTERSECT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INTERVAL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INTO</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>INVOKER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>IS</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ISNULL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ISOLATION</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ITERATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>JOIN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>K</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>KEY</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>KEY_MEMBER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>KEY_TYPE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LANCOMPILER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LANGUAGE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LARGE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LAST</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LATERAL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LEADING</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LEFT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LESS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LEVEL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LIKE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LIMIT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LISTEN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOAD</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOCAL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOCALTIME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOCALTIMESTAMP</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOCATION</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOCATOR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOCK</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>LOWER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>M</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MAP</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MATCH</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MAX</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MAXVALUE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MESSAGE_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MESSAGE_TEXT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>METHOD</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MIN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MINUTE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MINVALUE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MOD</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MODE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MODIFIES</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MODIFY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MODULE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MONTH</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MORE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MOVE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>MUMPS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NAMES</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NATIONAL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NATURAL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NCHAR</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NCLOB</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NEW</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NEXT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NO</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NOCREATEDB</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NOCREATEUSER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NONE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NOT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NOTHING</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NOTIFY</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NOTNULL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NULL</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NULLABLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NULLIF</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NUMBER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>NUMERIC</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OBJECT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OCTET_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OF</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OFF</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OFFSET</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OIDS</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OLD</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ON</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ONLY</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OPEN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OPERATION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OPERATOR</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OPTION</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OPTIONS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OR</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ORDER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ORDINALITY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OUT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OUTER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OUTPUT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OVERLAPS</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OVERLAY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OVERRIDING</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>OWNER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PAD</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETERS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETER_MODE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETER_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PARTIAL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PASCAL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PASSWORD</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PATH</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PENDANT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PLI</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>POSITION</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>POSTFIX</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PRECISION</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PREFIX</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PREORDER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PREPARE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PRESERVE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PRIMARY</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PRIOR</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PRIVILEGES</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PROCEDURAL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PROCEDURE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>PUBLIC</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>READ</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>READS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>REAL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RECURSIVE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>REF</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>REFERENCES</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>REFERENCING</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>REINDEX</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RELATIVE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RENAME</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>REPEATABLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RESET</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RESTRICT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RESULT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RETURN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RETURNED_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RETURNED_SQLSTATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RETURNS</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>REVOKE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RIGHT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROLLBACK</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROLLUP</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROUTINE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROUTINE_CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROUTINE_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROUTINE_SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROW</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROWS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ROW_COUNT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>RULE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SAVEPOINT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SCALE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SCHEMA_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SCOPE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SCROLL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SEARCH</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SECOND</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SECTION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SECURITY</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SELECT</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SELF</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SENSITIVE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SEQUENCE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SERIAL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SERIALIZABLE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SERVER_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SESSION</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SESSION_USER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SET</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SETOF</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SETS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SHARE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SHOW</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SIMILAR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SIMPLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SIZE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SMALLINT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SOME</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SOURCE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SPACE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SPECIFIC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SPECIFICTYPE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SPECIFIC_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SQL</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SQLCODE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SQLERROR</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SQLEXCEPTION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SQLSTATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SQLWARNING</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>START</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>STATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>STATEMENT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>STATIC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>STDIN</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>STDOUT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>STRUCTURE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>STYLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SUBCLASS_ORIGIN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SUBLIST</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SUBSTRING</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SUM</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SYMMETRIC</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SYSID</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SYSTEM</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>SYSTEM_USER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TABLE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TABLE_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TEMP</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TEMPLATE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TEMPORARY</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TERMINATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>THAN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>THEN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TIME</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TIMESTAMP</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TIMEZONE_HOUR</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TIMEZONE_MINUTE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TO</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TOAST</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRAILING</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSACTION</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSACTION_ACTIVE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSFORM</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSFORMS</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSLATE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRANSLATION</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TREAT</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRIGGER</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRIGGER_CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRIGGER_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRIGGER_SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRIM</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRUE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRUNCATE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TRUSTED</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>TYPE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNCOMMITTED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNDER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNION</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNIQUE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNKNOWN</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNLISTEN</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNNAMED</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNNEST</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UNTIL</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UPDATE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>UPPER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>USAGE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>USER</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>USING</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VACUUM</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VALID</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VALUE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VALUES</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VARCHAR</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VARIABLE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VARYING</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VERBOSE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VERSION</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>VIEW</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>WHEN</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>WHENEVER</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>WHERE</token></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>WITH</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>WITHOUT</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>WORK</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>WRITE</token></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>YEAR</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><token>ZONE</token></entry>
<entry>non-reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
<entry>reserved</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</appendix>
doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml
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<chapter id="syntax"> <chapter id="sql-syntax">
<title>SQL Syntax</title> <title>SQL Syntax</title>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para> <para>
...@@ -11,505 +11,325 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml,v 1.31 2000/12/22 18:57:50 pete ...@@ -11,505 +11,325 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml,v 1.31 2000/12/22 18:57:50 pete
</para> </para>
</abstract> </abstract>
<sect1 id="sql-syntax-lexical">
<title>Lexical Structure</title>
<para>
SQL input consists of a sequence of
<firstterm>commands</firstterm>. A command is composed of a
sequence of <firstterm>tokens</firstterm>, which depend on the
syntax of the particular command, terminated by a semicolon
(<quote>;</quote>). The end of the input stream also terminates a
command.
</para>
<para> <para>
<acronym>SQL</acronym> manipulates sets of data. The language is A token can be a <firstterm>key word</firstterm>, an
composed of various <firstterm>key words</firstterm>. Arithmetic <firstterm>identifier</firstterm>, a <firstterm>quoted
and procedural expressions are allowed. We will cover these topics identifier</firstterm>, a <firstterm>literal</firstterm> (or
in this chapter; subsequent chapters will include details on data constant), or a special character symbol. Tokens are normally
types, functions, and operators. separated by whitespace (space, tab, newline), but need not be if
there is no ambiguity (which is generally only the case if a
special character is adjacent to some other token type).
</para> </para>
<sect1 id="sql-keywords"> <para>
<title>Key Words</title> Additionally, <firstterm>comments</firstterm> can occur in SQL
input. They are not tokens, they are effectively equivalent to
whitespace.
</para>
<informalexample id="sql-syntax-ex-commands">
<para> <para>
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> defines <firstterm>key words</firstterm> For example, the following is (lexically) valid SQL input:
for the language <programlisting>
which have specific meaning. Some key words are SELECT * FROM MY_TABLE;
<firstterm>reserved</firstterm>, which indicates that they are UPDATE MY_TABLE SET A = 5;
restricted to appear in only certain contexts. Other key words are INSERT INTO MY_TABLE VALUES (3, 'hi there');
<firstterm>not restricted</firstterm>, which indicates that in certain </programlisting>
contexts they This is a sequence of three commands, one per line (although this
have a specific meaning but are not otherwise constrained. is not required; more than one command can be on a line, and
commands can be usefully split across lines).
</para> </para>
</informalexample>
<para>
The SQL syntax is not very consistent regarding what tokens
identify commands and which are operands or parameters. The first
few tokens are generally the command name, so in the above example
we would usually speak of a <quote>SELECT</quote>, an
<quote>UPDATE</quote>, and an <quote>INSERT</quote> command. But
for instance the <command>UPDATE</command> command always requires
a <token>SET</token> token to appear in a certain position, and
this particular variation of <command>INSERT</command> also
requires a <token>VALUES</token> in order to be complete. The
precise syntax rules for each command are described in the
<citetitle>Reference Manual</citetitle>.
</para>
<sect2 id="sql-syntax-identifiers">
<title>Identifiers and Key Words</title>
<para> <para>
<productname>Postgres</productname> implements an extended subset of the Tokens such as <token>SELECT</token>, <token>UPDATE</token>, or
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> languages. Some language <token>VALUES</token> in the example above are examples of
elements are not as restricted in this implementation as is <firstterm>key words</firstterm>, that is, words that have a fixed
called for in the language standards, in part due meaning in the SQL language. The tokens <token>MY_TABLE</token>
to the extensibility features of <productname>Postgres</productname>. and <token>A</token> are examples of
<firstterm>identifiers</firstterm>. They identify names of
tables, columns, or other database objects, depending on the
command they are used in. Therefore they are sometimes simply
called <quote>names</quote>. Key words and identifiers have the
same lexical structure, meaning that one cannot know whether a
token is an identifier or a key word without knowing the language.
A complete list of key words can be found in <xref
linkend="sql-keywords-appendix">.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Information on <acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> key words SQL identifiers and key words must begin with a letter
is derived from <xref linkend="DATE97" endterm="DATE97">. (<literal>a</literal>-<literal>z</literal>) or underscore
(<literal>_</literal>). Subsequent characters in an identifier or
key word can be letters, digits
(<literal>0</literal>-<literal>9</literal>), or underscores,
although the SQL standard will not define a key word that contains
digits or start or ends with an underscore.
</para> </para>
<sect2>
<title>Reserved Key Words</title>
<para>
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have
<firstterm>reserved key words</firstterm> which are not allowed
as identifiers and not allowed in any usage other than as fundamental
tokens in <acronym>SQL</acronym> statements.
<productname>Postgres</productname> has additional key words
which have similar restrictions. In particular, these key words
are not allowed as column or table names, though in some cases
they are allowed to be column labels (i.e. in AS clauses).
</para>
<tip>
<para>
Any string can be used as an identifier if surrounded by
double quotes (<quote>like this!</quote>). Some care is required since
such an identifier will be case sensitive
and will retain embedded whitespace and most other special characters.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
reserved words that are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words. These are allowed
to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers:
<programlisting>
ABORT ANALYZE
BINARY
CLUSTER CONSTRAINT COPY
DO
EXPLAIN EXTEND
LISTEN LOAD LOCK
MOVE
NEW NONE NOTIFY
OFFSET
RESET
SETOF SHOW
UNLISTEN UNTIL
VACUUM VERBOSE
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
reserved words that are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words, and that
are allowed to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers:
<programlisting>
ALL ANY ASC BETWEEN BIT BOTH
CASE CAST CHAR CHARACTER CHECK COALESCE COLLATE COLUMN
CONSTRAINT CROSS CURRENT CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER
DEC DECIMAL DEFAULT DESC DISTINCT
ELSE END EXCEPT EXISTS EXTRACT
FALSE FLOAT FOR FOREIGN FROM FULL
GLOBAL GROUP
HAVING
IN INNER INTERSECT INTO IS
JOIN
LEADING LEFT LIKE LOCAL
NATURAL NCHAR NOT NULL NULLIF NUMERIC
ON OR ORDER OUTER OVERLAPS
POSITION PRECISION PRIMARY PUBLIC
REFERENCES RIGHT
SELECT SESSION_USER SOME SUBSTRING
TABLE THEN TO TRANSACTION TRIM TRUE
UNION UNIQUE USER
VARCHAR
WHEN WHERE
</programlisting>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
reserved words that are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words:
<programlisting>
ADD ALTER AND AS
BEGIN BY
CASCADE CLOSE COMMIT CREATE CURSOR
DECLARE DEFAULT DELETE DESC DISTINCT DROP
EXECUTE EXISTS EXTRACT
FETCH FLOAT FOR FROM FULL
GRANT
HAVING
IN INNER INSERT INTERVAL INTO INOUT IS
JOIN
LEADING LEFT LIKE LOCAL
NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NO NOT NULL
ON OR OUT OUTER
PARTIAL PRIMARY PRIVILEGES PROCEDURE PUBLIC
REFERENCES REVOKE RIGHT ROLLBACK
SELECT SESSION SET SUBSTRING
TO TRAILING TRIM
UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USING
VALUES VARCHAR VARYING VIEW
WHERE WITH WITHOUT WORK
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> reserved key words that
are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but that
if used as function names are always translated into the function
<function>CHAR_LENGTH</function>:
<programlisting>
CHARACTER_LENGTH
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> or <acronym>SQL3</acronym>
reserved key words that
are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but
if used as type names are always translated into an alternate, native type:
<programlisting>
BOOLEAN DOUBLE FLOAT INT INTEGER INTERVAL REAL SMALLINT
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following are not keywords of any kind, but when used in the
context of a type name are translated into a native
<productname>Postgres</productname> type, and when used in the
context of a function name are translated into a native function:
<programlisting>
DATETIME TIMESPAN
</programlisting>
(translated to <type>TIMESTAMP</type> and <type>INTERVAL</type>,
respectively). This feature is intended to help with
transitioning to version 7.0, and will be removed in a future release.
</para>
<para>
The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words
that are not key words in <productname>Postgres</productname>.
These have no proscribed usage in <productname>Postgres</productname>
at the time of writing (version 7.0) but may become reserved key words in the
future:
<note>
<para>
Some of these key words represent functions in <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
These functions are defined in <productname>Postgres</productname>,
but the parser does not consider the names to be key words and they are allowed
in other contexts.
</para>
</note>
<programlisting>
ALLOCATE ARE ASSERTION AT AUTHORIZATION AVG
BIT_LENGTH
CASCADED CATALOG CHAR_LENGTH CHARACTER_LENGTH COLLATION
CONNECT CONNECTION CONTINUE CONVERT CORRESPONDING COUNT
CURRENT_SESSION
DATE DEALLOCATE DEC DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR
DIAGNOSTICS DISCONNECT DOMAIN
ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXEC EXTERNAL
FIRST FOUND
GET GO GOTO
IDENTITY INDICATOR INPUT INTERSECT
LAST LOWER
MAX MIN MODULE
OCTET_LENGTH OPEN OUTPUT OVERLAPS
PREPARE PRESERVE
ROWS
SCHEMA SECTION SESSION SIZE SOME
SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLSTATE SUM SYSTEM_USER
TEMPORARY TRANSLATE TRANSLATION
UNKNOWN UPPER USAGE
VALUE
WHENEVER WRITE
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Non-reserved Keywords</title>
<para>
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have
<firstterm>non-reserved keywords</firstterm> which have
a prescribed meaning in the language but which are also allowed
as identifiers.
<productname>Postgres</productname> has additional keywords
which allow similar unrestricted usage.
In particular, these keywords
are allowed as column or table names.
</para>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
non-reserved key words that are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words:
<programlisting>
ACCESS AFTER AGGREGATE
BACKWARD BEFORE
CACHE COMMENT CREATEDB CREATEUSER CYCLE
DATABASE DELIMITERS
EACH ENCODING EXCLUSIVE
FORCE FORWARD FUNCTION
HANDLER
INCREMENT INDEX INHERITS INSENSITIVE INSTEAD ISNULL
LANCOMPILER LOCATION
MAXVALUE MINVALUE MODE
NOCREATEDB NOCREATEUSER NOTHING NOTIFY NOTNULL
OIDS OPERATOR
PASSWORD PROCEDURAL
RECIPE REINDEX RENAME RETURNS ROW RULE
SEQUENCE SERIAL SHARE START STATEMENT STDIN STDOUT
TEMP TRUSTED
UNLISTEN UNTIL
VALID VERSION
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
non-reserved key words that are <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words:
<programlisting>
ABSOLUTE ACTION
CHARACTERISTICS CONSTRAINTS
DAY DEFERRABLE DEFERRED
HOUR
IMMEDIATE INITIALLY INSENSITIVE ISOLATION
KEY
LANGUAGE LEVEL
MATCH MINUTE MONTH
NEXT
OF ONLY OPTION
PATH PENDANT PRIOR PRIVILEGES
READ RELATIVE RESTRICT
SCHEMA SCROLL SECOND
TIME TIMESTAMP TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TRIGGER
YEAR
ZONE
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
non-reserved key words that are also either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words:
<programlisting>
COMMITTED SERIALIZABLE TYPE
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words that are not
key words of any kind in <productname>Postgres</productname>:
<programlisting>
ADA
C CATALOG_NAME CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG CHARACTER_SET_NAME
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA CLASS_ORIGIN COBOL COLLATION_CATALOG
COLLATION_NAME COLLATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_NAME
COMMAND_FUNCTION CONDITION_NUMBER
CONNECTION_NAME CONSTRAINT_CATALOG CONSTRAINT_NAME
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA CURSOR_NAME
DATA DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_CODE DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
FORTRAN
LENGTH
MESSAGE_LENGTH MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH MORE MUMPS
NAME NULLABLE NUMBER
PAD PASCAL PLI
REPEATABLE RETURNED_LENGTH RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH
RETURNED_SQLSTATE ROW_COUNT
SCALE SCHEMA_NAME SERVER_NAME SPACE SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
TABLE_NAME
UNCOMMITTED UNNAMED
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sql-comments">
<title>Comments</title>
<para> <para>
A <firstterm>comment</firstterm> The system uses no more than <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol>-1
is an arbitrary sequence of characters beginning with double dashes characters of an identifier; longer names can be written in
and extending to the end of the line, e.g.: commands, but they will be truncated. By default,
<symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> is 32 so the maximum identifier length
<programlisting> is 31 (but at the time the system is built,
-- This is a standard SQL comment <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> can be changed in
</programlisting> <filename>src/include/postgres_ext.h</filename>).
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
We also support C-style block comments, e.g.: Identifier and key word names are case insensitive. Therefore
<programlisting>
<programlisting> UPDATE MY_TABLE SET A = 5;
/* multi-line comment </programlisting>
* with nesting: /* nested block comment */ can equivalently be written as
*/ <programlisting>
</programlisting> uPDaTE my_TabLE SeT a = 5;
</programlisting>
where the comment begins with "<literal>/*</literal>" and extends A good convention to adopt is perhaps to write key words in upper
to the matching occurrence of "<literal>*/</literal>". These block case and names in lower case, e.g.,
comments nest, as specified in SQL99, so that one can comment out <programlisting>
larger blocks of code that may contain existing block comments. UPDATE my_table SET a = 5;
</programlisting>
</para> </para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sql-names">
<title>Names</title>
<para> <para>
Names in SQL must begin with a letter There is a second kind of identifier: the <firstterm>delimited
(<literal>a</literal>-<literal>z</literal>) or underscore identifier</firstterm> or <firstterm>quoted
(<literal>_</literal>). identifier</firstterm>. It is formed by enclosing an arbitrary
Subsequent characters in a name can be letters, digits sequence of characters in double-quotes
(<literal>0</literal>-<literal>9</literal>), (<literal>"</literal>). <!-- " font-lock mania --> A delimited
or underscores. The system uses no more than NAMEDATALEN-1 characters identifier is always an identifier, never a key word. So
of a name; longer names can be written in queries, but they will be <literal>"select"</literal> could be used to refer to a column or
truncated. table named <quote>select</quote>, whereas an unquoted
By default, NAMEDATALEN is 32 so the maximum name length is 31 (but <literal>select</literal> would be taken as part of a command and
at the time the system is built, NAMEDATALEN can be changed in would therefore provoke a parse error when used where a table or
<filename>src/include/postgres_ext.h</filename>). column name is expected. The example can be written with quoted
identifiers like so:
<programlisting>
UPDATE "my_table" SET "a" = 5;
</programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Names containing other characters may be formed by surrounding them Quoted identifiers can contain any character other than a double
with double quotes (<literal>"</literal>). For example, table or column quote itself. This allows constructing table or column names that
names may contain would otherwise not be possible, such as ones containing spaces or
otherwise disallowed characters such as spaces, ampersands, etc. if ampersands. The length limitation still applies.
quoted. Quoting a name also makes it case-sensitive,
whereas unquoted names are always folded to lower case. For example,
the names <literal>FOO</literal>, <literal>foo</literal>
and <literal>"foo"</literal> are
considered the same by <productname>Postgres</productname>, but
<literal>"Foo"</literal> is a different name.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Double quotes can also be used to protect a name that would otherwise Quoting an identifier also makes it case-sensitive, whereas
be taken to be an SQL keyword. For example, <literal>IN</literal> unquoted names are always folded to lower case. For example, the
is a keyword but <literal>"IN"</literal> is a name. identifiers <literal>FOO</literal>, <literal>foo</literal> and
<literal>"foo"</literal> are considered the same by
<productname>Postgres</productname>, but <literal>"Foo"</literal>
and <literal>"FOO"</literal> are different from these three and
each other.
<footnote>
<para>
This is incompatible with SQL, where unquoted names are folded to
upper case. Thus, <literal>foo</literal> is equivalent to
<literal>"FOO"</literal>. If you want to write portable
applications you are advised to always quote a particular name or
never quote it.
</para>
</footnote>
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect2>
<sect1 id="sql-constants"> <sect2 id="sql-syntax-constants">
<title>Constants</title> <title>Constants</title>
<para> <para>
There are three kinds of <firstterm>implicitly typed constants</firstterm> There are four kinds of <firstterm>implicitly typed
in <productname>Postgres</productname>: strings, integers, constants</firstterm> in <productname>Postgres</productname>:
and floating point numbers. Constants can strings, bit strings, integers, and floating point numbers.
also be specified with explicit types, which can enable more Constants can also be specified with explicit types, which can
accurate representation and more efficient handling by the enable more accurate representation and more efficient handling by
backend. The implicit constants are described below; explicit the system. The implicit constants are described below; explicit
constants are discussed afterwards. constants are discussed afterwards.
</para> </para>
<sect2> <sect3>
<title>String Constants</title> <title>String Constants</title>
<para> <para>
<firstterm>Strings</firstterm> A string constant in SQL is an arbitrary sequence of characters
in SQL are arbitrary sequences of ASCII characters bounded by single bounded by single quotes (<quote>'</quote>), e.g., <literal>'This
quotes ("'", e.g. <literal>'This is a string'</literal>). is a string'</literal>. SQL allows single quotes to be embedded
SQL92 allows single quotes to be embedded in strings by typing two in strings by typing two adjacent single quotes (e.g.,
adjacent single quotes (e.g. <literal>'Dianne''s horse'</literal>). <literal>'Dianne''s horse'</literal>). In
In <productname>Postgres</productname> single quotes may alternatively <productname>Postgres</productname> single quotes may
be escaped with a backslash ("\", e.g. alternatively be escaped with a backslash (<quote>\</quote>,
<literal>'Dianne\'s horse'</literal>). To include a e.g., <literal>'Dianne\'s horse'</literal>).
</para>
<para>
C-style backslash escapes are also available:
<literal>\b</literal> is a backspace, <literal>\f</literal> is a
form feed, <literal>\n</literal> is a newline,
<literal>\r</literal> is a carriage return, <literal>\t</literal>
is a tab, and <literal>\<replaceable>xxx</replaceable></literal>,
where <replaceable>xxx</replaceable> is an octal number, is the
character with the corresponding ASCII code. Any other character
following a backslash is taken literally. Thus, to include a
backslash in a string constant, type two backslashes. backslash in a string constant, type two backslashes.
Non-printing characters may also be embedded within strings by
prepending them with a backslash
(e.g. <literal>'\<replaceable>tab</replaceable>'</literal>).
</para> </para>
</sect2> <para>
The character with the code zero cannot be in a string constant.
</para>
<sect2> <para>
<title>Integer Constants</title> Two string constants that are only separated by whitespace
<emphasis>with at least one newline</emphasis> are concatenated
and effectively treated as if the string had been written in one
constant. For example:
<programlisting>
SELECT 'foo'
'bar';
</programlisting>
is equivalent to
<programlisting>
SELECT 'foobar';
</programlisting>
but
<programlisting>
SELECT 'foo' 'bar';
</programlisting>
is not valid syntax.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Bit String Constants</title>
<para> <para>
<firstterm>Integer constants</firstterm> Bit string constants look like string constants with a
in SQL are sequences of ASCII digits with no decimal point. <literal>B</literal> (upper or lower case) immediately before the
The range of legal values depends on which integer datatype is opening quote (no intervening whitespace), e.g.,
used, but the plain <literal>integer</literal> type accepts values <literal>B'1001'</literal>. The only characters allowed within
ranging from -2147483648 to +2147483647. bit string constants are <literal>0</literal> and
<literal>1</literal>. Bit strings constants can be continued
across lines in the same way as regular string constants.
</para> </para>
</sect2> </sect3>
<sect2> <sect3>
<title>Floating Point Constants</title> <title>Integer Constants</title>
<para> <para>
<firstterm>Floating point constants</firstterm> Integer constants in SQL are sequences of decimal digits (0
consist of an integer part, a decimal point, and a fraction part or though 9) with no decimal point. The range of legal values
scientific notation of the following format: depends on which integer data type is used, but the plain
<type>integer</type> type accepts values ranging from -2147483648
to +2147483647. (The optional plus or minus sign is actually a
separate unary operator and not part of the integer constant.)
</para>
</sect3>
<synopsis> <sect3>
{<replaceable>dig</replaceable>}.{<replaceable>dig</replaceable>} [e [+-] {<replaceable>dig</replaceable>}] <title>Floating Point Constants</title>
</synopsis>
where <replaceable>dig</replaceable> is one or more digits. <para>
You must include at least one <replaceable>dig</replaceable> after the Floating point constants are accepted in these general forms:
period and after the [+-] if you use those options. An exponent with <synopsis>
a missing mantissa has a mantissa of 1 inserted. There may be no <replaceable>digits</replaceable>.<optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional><optional>e<optional>+-</optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional>
extra characters embedded in the string. <optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional>.<replaceable>digits</replaceable><optional>e<optional>+-</optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional>
<replaceable>digits</replaceable>e<optional>+-</optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable>
</synopsis>
where <replaceable>digits</replaceable> is one or more decimal
digits. At least one digit must be before or after the decimal
point and after the <literal>e</literal> if you use that option.
Thus, a floating point constant is distinguished from an integer
constant by the presence of either the decimal point or the
exponent clause (or both). There must not be a space or other
characters embedded in the constant.
</para> </para>
<informalexample>
<para>
These are some examples of valid floating point constants:
<literallayout>
3.5
4.
.001
5e2
1.925e-3
</literallayout>
</para>
</informalexample>
<para> <para>
Floating point constaints are of type Floating point constants are of type <type>DOUBLE
<type>float8</type>. <type>float4</type> can be specified PRECISION</type>. <type>REAL</type> can be specified explicitly
explicitly by using <acronym>SQL92</acronym> string notation or by using <acronym>SQL</acronym> string notation or
<productname>Postgres</productname> type notation: <productname>Postgres</productname> type notation:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
float4 '1.23' -- string style REAL '1.23' -- string style
'1.23'::float4 -- Postgres (historical) style '1.23'::REAL -- Postgres (historical) style
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</sect2> </sect3>
<sect2> <sect3>
<title>Constants of Postgres User-Defined Types</title> <title>Constants of Other Types</title>
<para> <para>
A constant of an A constant of an <emphasis>arbitrary</emphasis> type can be
<emphasis>arbitrary</emphasis> entered using any one of the following notations:
type can be entered using any one of the following notations: <synopsis>
<synopsis>
<replaceable>type</replaceable> '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' <replaceable>type</replaceable> '<replaceable>string</replaceable>'
'<replaceable>string</replaceable>'::<replaceable>type</replaceable> '<replaceable>string</replaceable>'::<replaceable>type</replaceable>
CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> ) CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> )
</synopsis> </synopsis>
The value inside the string is passed to the input conversion
The value inside the string is passed to the input routine for the type called <replaceable>type</replaceable>. The
conversion routine for the type called result is a constant of the indicated type. The explicit type
<replaceable>type</replaceable>. The result is a cast may be omitted if there is no ambiguity as to the type the
constant of the indicated type. The explicit typecast may be omitted constant must be (for example, when it is passed as an argument
if there is no ambiguity as to the type the constant must be, in which to a non-overloaded function), in which case it is automatically
case it is automatically coerced. coerced.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
It is also possible to specify a type coercion using a function-like It is also possible to specify a type coercion using a function-like
syntax: syntax:
<synopsis>
<synopsis>
<replaceable>typename</replaceable> ( <replaceable>value</replaceable> ) <replaceable>typename</replaceable> ( <replaceable>value</replaceable> )
</synopsis> </synopsis>
although this only works for types whose names are also valid as although this only works for types whose names are also valid as
function names. (For example, <literal>double precision</literal> function names. (For example, <literal>double precision</literal>
can't be used this way --- but the equivalent <literal>float8</literal> can't be used this way --- but the equivalent <literal>float8</literal>
...@@ -517,52 +337,222 @@ CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> ) ...@@ -517,52 +337,222 @@ CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> )
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
The <literal>::</literal>, <literal>CAST()</literal>, and function-call The <literal>::</literal>, <literal>CAST()</literal>, and
syntaxes can also be used to specify run-time type conversions. But function-call syntaxes can also be used to specify the type of
the form <replaceable>type</replaceable> arbitrary expressions, but the form
'<replaceable>string</replaceable>' can only be used to specify the <replaceable>type</replaceable>
type of a literal constant. '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' can only be used to specify
the type of a literal constant.
</para> </para>
</sect2> </sect3>
<sect2> <sect3>
<title>Array constants</title> <title>Array constants</title>
<para> <para>
<firstterm>Array constants</firstterm>
are n-dimensional arrays of any Postgres datatype.
The general format of an array constant is the following: The general format of an array constant is the following:
<synopsis>
<synopsis> '{ <replaceable>val1</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> <replaceable>val2</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> ... }'
{ <replaceable>val1</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> <replaceable>val2</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> ... } </synopsis>
</synopsis> where <replaceable>delim</replaceable> is the delimiter character
for the type, as recorded in its <literal>pg_type</literal>
where <replaceable>delim</replaceable> entry. (For all built-in types, this is the comma character
is the delimiter character for the type, as recorded in its ",".) Each <replaceable>val</replaceable> is either a constant
<literal>pg_type</literal> class entry. of the array element type, or a sub-array. An example of an
(For all built-in types, this is the comma character ",".) array constant is
Each <replaceable>val</replaceable> is either a constant <programlisting>
of the array element type, or a sub-array. '{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'
An example of an array constant is </programlisting>
<programlisting>
{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
</programlisting>
This constant is a two-dimensional, 3 by 3 array consisting of three This constant is a two-dimensional, 3 by 3 array consisting of three
sub-arrays of integers. sub-arrays of integers.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Individual array elements can be placed between double-quote Individual array elements can be placed between double-quote
marks (<literal>"</literal>) to avoid ambiguity problems with respect to marks (<literal>"</literal>) <!-- " --> to avoid ambiguity
white space. problems with respect to white space. Without quote marks, the
Without quote marks, the array-value parser will skip leading white space. array-value parser will skip leading white space.
</para> </para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sql-columns"> <para>
(Array constants are actually only a special case of the generic
type constants discussed in the previous section. The constant
is initially treated as a string and passed to the array input
conversion routine. An explicit type specification might be
necessary.)
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sql-syntax-operators">
<title>Operators</title>
<para>
An operator is a sequence of up to <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol>-1
(31 by default) characters from the following list:
<literallayout>
+ - * / &lt; &gt; = ~ ! @ # % ^ &amp; | ` ? $
</literallayout>
There are a few restrictions on operator names, however:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
"$" (dollar) cannot be a single-character operator, although it
can be part of a multi-character operator name.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>--</literal> and <literal>/*</literal> cannot appear
anywhere in an operator name, since they will be taken as the
start of a comment.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A multi-character operator name cannot end in "+" or "-",
unless the name also contains at least one of these characters:
<literallayout>
~ ! @ # % ^ &amp; | ` ? $
</literallayout>
For example, <literal>@-</literal> is an allowed operator name,
but <literal>*-</literal> is not. This restriction allows
<productname>Postgres</productname> to parse SQL-compliant
queries without requiring spaces between tokens.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
When working with non-SQL-standard operator names, you will usually
need to separate adjacent operators with spaces to avoid ambiguity.
For example, if you have defined a left-unary operator named "@",
you cannot write <literal>X*@Y</literal>; you must write
<literal>X* @Y</literal> to ensure that
<productname>Postgres</productname> reads it as two operator names
not one.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Special Characters</title>
<para>
Some characters that are not alphanumeric have a special meaning
that is different from being an operator. Details on the usage can
be found at the location where the respective syntax element is
described. This section only exists to advise the existence and
summarize the purposes of these characters.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
A dollar sign (<literal>$</literal>) followed by digits is used
to represent the positional parameters in the body of a function
definition. In other contexts the dollar sign may be part of an
operator name.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Parentheses (<literal>()</literal>) have their usual meaning to
group expressions and enforce precedence. In some cases
parentheses are required as part of the fixed syntax of a
particular SQL command.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Brackets (<literal>[]</literal>) are used to select the elements
of an array. See <xref linkend="arrays"> for more information
on arrays.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Commas (<literal>,</literal>) are used in some syntactical
constructs to separate the elements of a list.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The semicolon (<literal>;</literal>) terminates an SQL command.
It cannot appear anywhere within a command, except when quoted
as a string constant or identifier.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The colon (<literal>:</literal>) is used to select
<quote>slices</quote> from arrays. (See <xref
linkend="arrays">.) In certain SQL dialects (such as Embedded
SQL), the colon is used to prefix variable names.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The asterisk (<literal>*</literal>) has a special meaning when
used in the <command>SELECT</command> command or with the
<function>COUNT</function> aggregate function.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The period (<literal>.</literal>) is used in floating point
constants, and to separate table and column names.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sql-syntax-comments">
<title>Comments</title>
<para>
A comment is an arbitrary sequence of characters beginning with
double dashes and extending to the end of the line, e.g.:
<programlisting>
-- This is a standard SQL92 comment
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Alternatively, C-style block comments can be used:
<programlisting>
/* multi-line comment
* with nesting: /* nested block comment */
*/
</programlisting>
where the comment begins with <literal>/*</literal> and extends to
the matching occurrence of <literal>*/</literal>. These block
comments nest, as specified in SQL99 but unlike C, so that one can
comment out larger blocks of code that may contain existing block
comments.
</para>
<para>
A comment is removed from the input stream before further syntax
analysis and is effectively replaced by whitespace.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sql-syntax-columns">
<title>Fields and Columns</title> <title>Fields and Columns</title>
<sect2> <sect2>
...@@ -664,18 +654,6 @@ CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> ) ...@@ -664,18 +654,6 @@ CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> )
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 id="sql-operators">
<title>Operators</title>
<para>
Any built-in or user-defined operator may be used in SQL.
For the list of built-in operators consult <xref linkend="functions">.
For a list of user-defined operators consult your system administrator
or run a query on the <literal>pg_operator</literal> class.
Parentheses may be used for arbitrary grouping of operators in expressions.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sql-expressions"> <sect1 id="sql-expressions">
<title>Expressions</title> <title>Expressions</title>
......
doc/src/sgml/user.sgml
View file @ 3942ee38
<!-- <!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.22 2000/12/16 02:29:36 tgl Exp $ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.23 2001/01/06 11:58:56 petere Exp $
--> -->
<book id="user"> <book id="user">
...@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.22 2000/12/16 02:29:36 ...@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.22 2000/12/16 02:29:36
<!-- appendices --> <!-- appendices -->
&datetime; &datetime;
&keywords;
&biblio; &biblio;
......
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