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Commit 128b1c50 authored by Bruce Momjian's avatar Bruce Momjian
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Create 9.0 release notes; keep 9.0-alpha release notes in place.

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doc/src/sgml/release-9.0.sgml
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<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release-9.0.sgml,v 2.2 2010/02/19 00:35:18 petere Exp $ -->
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release-9.0.sgml,v 2.3 2010/03/20 03:30:12 momjian Exp $ -->
<sect1 id="release-9-0">
<sect1 id="release-9-0">
<title>Release 9.0</title>
<note>
<title>Release date</title>
<simpara>2010-??-??</simpara>
</note>
<sect2>
<title>Overview</title>
<para>
ADD HERE
</para>
<!-- This list duplicates items below, but without authors or details-->
<para>
The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Migration to Version 9.0</title>
<para>CURRENT AS OF 2010-03-15</para>
<para>
A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
release.
</para>
<para>
Observe the following incompatibilities:
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Server Settings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove server variable <varname>add_missing_from</>, which was
defaulted to off for many years (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove server variable <varname>regex_flavor</>, which was defaulted
to <literal>advanced</> (e.g. Perl-regex compatible) for many
years (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Queries</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
When querying a parent table, do not do additional permission
checks on child tables returned as part of the query (Peter)
</para>
<para>
The SQL standard specifies this behavior.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have fractional seconds truncate rather than round when using
float-based dates/times (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>String Handling</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix <literal>SIMILAR TO</> to match the SQL standard-specified behavior
by processing <literal>?</> and <literal>{}</> the same way they are
processed in regular expressions (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Properly treat <literal>^</> and <literal>$</> as literals in
<literal>SIMILAR TO</> patterns, to match the SQL standard (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Previously these were treated using regular expression syntax. This
change breaks backward compatibility. This also affects
<function>substring()</>'s interpretation of regular expressions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Process parentheses as literals in <literal>SIMILAR TO</> expressions;
also make character class handling more standards-compliant (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This also affects <function>substring()</>'s handling of regular
expressions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Do not allow <function>substring()</> to have a negative third
length, per the SQL standard (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Object Renaming</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Tighten enforcement of column renaming when a child table inherits
the renamed column from an unrelated parent (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
No longer rename index names and index column names when table
columns are renamed (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Administrators still can rename such columns manually. Expression
index names are also not renamed. WHY ARE EXPRESSION INDEXES
SIGNIFICANT?
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PL/pgSQL Variables</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Have PL/pgSQL throw an error if a variable name conflicts with a
column name used in a query (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This behavior can be changed via the server variable
<varname>plpgsql.variable_conflict</>, or by the per-function option
<literal>#variable_conflict</>. The former behavior was to bind to
variable names over column names.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove PL/pgSQL's <literal>RENAME</> declaration option (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Instead, use <literal>ALIAS</>, which can now alias any variable,
not just dollar sign variables, e.g. <literal>$1</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
PL/pgSQL no longer allows unquoted variables names that match SQL
reserved words (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Variables can be double-quoted to avoid this restriction.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changes</title>
<sect3>
<title>Server</title>
<sect4>
<title>Continuous Archiving</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow continuous archive standby systems to accept read-only queries
(Simon, Heikki)
</para>
<para>
This feature is called Hot Standby. There are new
<filename>postgresql.conf</> and <filename>recovery.conf</> settings
to enable this feature, as well as extensive documentation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow continuous archive (<acronym>WAL</>) files to be streamed to a
standby system (Fujii Masao, Heikki)
</para>
<para>
Previously <acronym>WAL</> files could be sent to standby systems only
as 16 megabytes files; this allows master changes to be sent to the
slave with very little delay. There are new <filename>postgresql.conf</>
and <filename>recovery.conf</> settings to enable this feature, as
well as extensive documentation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>pg_last_xlog_receive_location()</> and
<function>pg_last_xlog_replay_location()</>, which can be used to
monitor standby server <acronym>WAL</> activity (Fujii Masao,
Heikki)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Performance</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve performance of finding inherited child tables (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow per-tablespace sequential and random page cost variables
(<varname>seq_page_cost</>/(<varname>random_page_cost</>)) via
<command>ALTER TABLESPACE
... SET/RESET</> (Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve performance of <command>TRUNCATE</> when used in the same
transaction as table creation (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Optimizer</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <literal>IS NOT NULL</> restrictions to use indexes (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This is particularly useful for finding
<function>MAX()</>/<function>MIN()</> values in indexes that also
contain NULLs.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove unnecessary outer joins (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
Outer joins where the inner side is unique and not referenced in
the query are unnecessary and are therefore now removed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve optimizer equivalence detection of &lt;&gt; <type>boolean</>
tests (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>GEQO</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Use the same random seed everytime GEQO plans a query (Andres
Freund)
</para>
<para>
While the Genetic Query Optimizer (GEQO) still selects random plans,
it now selects the same random plans for identical queries. You
can modify <varname>geqo_seed</> to randomize the starting value
of the random plan generator.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve GEQO plan selection (Tom).
</para>
<para>
This avoids the rare error, "failed to make a valid plan".
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Optimizer Statistics</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve <command>ANALYZE</> to support inheritance-tree statistics
(Tom)
</para>
<para>
This is particularly useful for partitioned tables.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve autovacuum detection of when re-analyze is necessary (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve optimizer statistics for greater/less-than comparisons
(Tom)
</para>
<para>
When looking up optimizer statistics for greater/less-than comparisons,
if the comparison value is in the first or last histogram bucket,
use an index to generate the actual statistics. This is particularly
useful for columns that are always increasing, and hence often have
inaccurate statistics.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow setting of distinct statistics using <command>ALTER TABLE</>
(Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This allows user-override of the number or percentage of distinct
values for a column and optionally its child tables. This value
is normally computed by <command>ANALYZE</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Authentication</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for <acronym>RADIUS</> (Remote Authentication Dial In
User Service) authentication (Magnus)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <acronym>LDAP</> (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
authentication to operate in "search/bind" mode (Robert Fleming,
Magnus)
</para>
<para>
This allows the user to be looked up first, then the system uses
the <acronym>DN</> (Distinguished Name) returned for that user.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>samehost</> and <literal>samenet</> designations to
<filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Stef Walter)
</para>
<para>
These match the server's <acronym>IP</> address and network address
respectively.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Monitoring</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the ability for clients to set an application name, which is
displayed in <structname>pg_stat_activity</> (Dave Page)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add an SQL state option (<literal>%e</>) to <varname>log_line_prefix</>
(Guillaume Smet)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Write to the Windows event log in <acronym>UTF16</> encoding
(Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Statistics Counters</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>pg_stat_reset_shared('bgwriter')</> to reset the
cluster-wide shared statistics of the bgwriter (Greg Smith)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters()</> and
<function>pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters()</> to allow the
reseting of statistics counters for individual tables and indexes
(Magnus)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Server Settings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow setting of configuration variables based on database/role
combinations (Alvaro)
</para>
<para>
Previously only per-database and per-role setting were possible,
not combinations. All role and database settings are now stored
in the new <structname>pg_db_role_setting</> system table. A new
<application>psql</> <literal>\drds</> command shows these settings.
Backwards-compatible system views do not show this information.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add boolean variable <varname>bonjour</>, which controls whether
a Bonjour-enabled binary advertises itself via <productname>Bonjour</>
(Tom)
</para>
<para>
The default is off, meaning it does not advertise.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Log changed parameter values when <filename>postgresql.conf</> is
reloaded (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Queries</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Do <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</>/<literal>SHARE</> processing
after applying <literal>LIMIT</>, so the number of rows returned
is always predictable (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Previously, concurrent transactions could potentially cause
<command>SELECT</> to return fewer rows than specified by
<literal>LIMIT</>. <literal>FOR UPDATE</> can still affect
<literal>ORDER BY</> ordering, but this can be corrected by using
<literal>FOR UPDATE</> in a subquery.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow mixing of traditional and SQL-standard
<literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> syntax in the same query (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Increase the supported frame options in window functions (Hitoshi
Harada)
</para>
<para>
This allows frames (<literal>RANGE</> or <literal>ROWS</>) to start
with <literal>CURRENT ROW</>, and to use the <literal>ROWS n
PRECEDING</>/<literal>FOLLOWING</> clause.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Unicode Strings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add Unicode surrogate pair (dual 16-bit) support to <literal>U&amp;</>
strings and identifiers (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow Unicode escapes in <literal>E'...'</> strings (Marko Kreen)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Object Manipulation</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Speed up <command>CREATE DATABASE</> by deferring flushes to disk
(Andres Freund, Greg Stark)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow comments only on columns of tables, views, and composite
types, not other objects like indexes and <acronym>TOAST</> tables
(Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow the creation of enumerate types with no labels (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
This is useful for supporting binary upgrades.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have columns defined with storage type <literal>MAIN</> remain on
main heap page unless it cannot fit (Kevin Grittner)
</para>
<para>
Previously <literal>MAIN</> values were forced to <acronym>TOAST</>
tables until the row size was one-quarter of the page size.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><command>ALTER</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</> command to control privileges of
all newly-created objects (Petr Jelinek)
</para>
<para>
It currently supports tables, views, sequences, and functions, and
also has per-schema control.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Implement <literal>IF EXISTS</> for <literal>DROP COLUMN</> and
<literal>DROP CONSTRAINT </> (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</> commands which rewrite tables to skip
<acronym>WAL</> logging (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
Such operations either complete fully or are rolled back, so
<acronym>WAL</> archiving can be skipped, unless running in continuous
archiving mode.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><command>CREATE TABLE</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for copying <literal>COMMENTS</> and <literal>STORAGE</>
to the <command>CREATE TABLE ... LIKE INCLUDING</> command (Itagaki
Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for copying all attributes to the <command>CREATE
TABLE LIKE INCLUDING</> command (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the SQL-standard <command>CREATE TABLE ... OF type</> command
(Peter)
</para>
<para>
This allows the creation of a table to match an existing composite
type. Additional constraints and defaults can be specified in the
command.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <command>SELECT</> and <command>CREATE TABLE AS</> return
row counts to the client
(Boszormenyi Zoltan)
</para>
<para>
<application>psql</> does not display these counts.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Constraints</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add deferrable unique constraints (Dean Rasheed)
</para>
<para>
This allows <command>UPDATE tab SET col = col + 1</> to work on
columns that have a unique indexes or are marked as primary keys,
but <literal>DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED</> must be used to mark
the constraint as deferred.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Generalize uniqueness constraints by allowing arbitrary operator
comparisons, not just equality (Jeff Davis)
</para>
<para>
This is enabled with the <command>CREATE TABLE CONSTRAINT ...
EXCLUDE</> clause. While uniqueness checks could be specified
using this syntax, the real value of this features is in using
complex operators that do not have built-in constraints.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve the constraint violation error message to report the values
causing the failure (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
For example, a uniqueness constraint violation now reports <literal>Key
(x)=(2) already exists</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Object Permissions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the ability to make mass permission changes per schema using
the new <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE IN SCHEMA</> clause
(Petr Jelinek)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the ability to control large object permissions with
<command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE </>(KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Utility Operations</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> store events in a memory
queue, rather than a system table (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
<para>
This greatly improves performance for these operations.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>NOTIFY</> to pass an optional string to listeners
(Joachim Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>CLUSTER</> on all system tables (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Global system tables still cannot be clustered.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><command>COPY</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <literal>*</> as a parameter in <literal>FORCE QUOTE</> for
<literal>COPY CSV</> (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
This forces quotes for all <acronym>CSV</> output columns.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new <command>COPY</> syntax that allows parameters to be
specified in parentheses (Robert Haas, Emmanuel Cecchet)
</para>
<para>
This allows greater flexibility for future <command>COPY</> options.
The old syntax is still supported.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><command>EXPLAIN</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new <command>EXPLAIN (BUFFERS)</> to report query buffer
activity (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
log_*_stats log output, e.g. <varname>log_statement_stats</>, no
longer shows this information.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add hash usage information to <command>EXPLAIN</> output (Robert
Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>EXPLAIN</> output in <acronym>XML</>, <acronym>JSON</>,
and <acronym>YAML</> formats (Robert Haas, Greg Sabino Mullane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>EXPLAIN</> options to be specified inside parentheses
(Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This allows for the expansion of <command>EXPLAIN</> options. The
old syntax is still supported.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><command>VACUUM</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Change <command>VACUUM FULL</> to rewrite the entire table and
indexes, rather than moving around single rows to compact space
(Itagaki Takahiro, Tom)
</para>
<para>
The previous method was usually slower and caused index bloat.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new <command>VACUUM</> syntax that allows parameters to be
specified in parentheses (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
This allows greater flexibility for future <command>VACUUM</>
options. The old syntax is still supported.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Indexes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow an index to be auto-named by not supplying an index name to
<command>CREATE INDEX</> (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>REINDEX</> on system indexes (Tom)
</para>
<para>
WAS THIS POSSIBLE ON ANY SYSTEM TABLE BEFORE? NON-HARDWIRED ONES?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>point_ops</> opclass for GiST (Teodor)
</para>
<para>
DETAILS?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Use red-black trees for <acronym>GIN</> index creation (Teodor)
</para>
<para>
Red-black trees are self-balanced so allow for faster index
creation.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Data Types</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow hex values to be specified in <type>bytea</> strings (Peter)
</para>
<para>
The variable <varname>bytea_output</> controls if hex (default)
or octal escapes are used for <type>bytea</> output. (SWITCH
DEFAULT FOR BETA? PETER) Libpq's <function>PQescapeByteaConn()</>
now uses the hex format for <productname>PostgreSQL</> 9.0 servers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <varname>extra_float_digits</> to be increased to <literal>3</>
(Tom)
</para>
<para>
The previous maximum <varname>extra_float_digits</> was <literal>2</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Full Text Search</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add prefix support for the full text search synonym dictionary
(Teodor)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add full text search filtering dictionaries (Teodor)
</para>
<para>
Filtering dictionaries allow tokens to be modified and passed to
subsequent dictionaries.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow underscores in full text email addresses (Teodor)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Functions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow case-insensitive regular expression matching with <acronym>UTF-8</>
server encodings.
</para>
<para>
Previously, only <acronym>ASCII</> characters and single-byte
encodings worked properly. Other multi-byte, non-<acronym>UTF-8</>
encodings are still broken for case-insensitive regular expression
matching.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow function calls to supply parameter names and match them to named
parameters in the function definition (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
For example, if a function is defined to take parameters <literal>a</>
and <literal>b</>, it can be called with <literal>func(7 AS a, 12
AS b)</> or <literal>func(12 AS b, 7 AS a)</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for <function>to_char()</> scientific notation output
(<literal>'EEEE'</>) (Pavel Stehule, Brendan Jurd)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <function>to_char()</> honor <literal>'FM'</> (fill mode) in
<literal>'Y'</>, <literal>'YY'</>, and <literal>'YYY'</> specifications
(Bruce)
</para>
<para>
It was already honored by <literal>'YYYY'</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Correct calculations of "overlap" and "contains" operations over
polygons (Teodor)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Aggregates</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow aggregate functions to use <literal>ORDER BY</> (Andrew
Gierth)
</para>
<para>
For example, this is now supported, <literal>array_agg(a ORDER BY
b)</>. This is useful for aggregates where the order of values is
significant.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the <function>string_agg()</> aggregate function which aggregates
values into a single string (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
An optional second argument allows specification of a delimiter.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Aggregate functions that are called with <literal>DISTINCT</> are
now passed NULL values if the aggregate transition function is
not marked as <literal>STRICT</> (Andrew Gierth)
</para>
<para>
For example, <literal>agg(DISTINCT x)</> might pass NULL <literal>x</>
values to <function>agg()</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Bit Strings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>get_bit()</> and <function>set_bit()</> functions
for <type>bit</> strings, mirroring those for <type>bytea</>
(Leonardo F)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Implement <function>OVERLAY()</> (replace) for <type>bit</> strings
and <type>bytea</> (Leonardo F)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Object Information Functions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>pg_table_size()</> and <function>pg_indexes_size()</>
to provide a more user-friendly interface to the
<function>pg_relation_size()</> function (Bernd Helmle)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>has_sequence_privilege()</> for sequence permission
checking (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have information schema properly display date type octet lengths
(Peter)
</para>
<para>
The reported length is now the maximum octet length; previously,
a huge value was reported.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Speed up information schema privilege views (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Function and Trigger Creation</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Implement anonymous functions using the <command>DO</> statement
(Petr Jelinek, Joshua Tolley, Hannu Valtonen)
</para>
<para>
This allows execution of server-side code without the need to create
a new function and execute it.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow SQL-compliant per-column triggers (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
Such triggers are fired only if the specified columns are affected
by the query, e.g. in <command>UPDATE</>'s <literal>SET</> list.
information_schema now also shows this information.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>WHERE</> clause to <command>CREATE TRIGGER</> to
allow control over whether a trigger is fired (Takahiro Itagaki)
</para>
<para>
While a check can be performed inside the trigger, doing it in an
external <literal>WHERE</> clause has performance benefits.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Server-Side Languages</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the <literal>OR REPLACE</> clause to <command>CREATE
LANGUAGE</> (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This is helpful to optionally install a language if it does not
already exist, and is particularly helpful now that PL/pgSQL is
installed by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect5>
<title>PL/PgSQL Server-Side Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Install server-side language PL/pgSQL by default (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow PL/pgSQL to handle row types with dropped columns (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <literal>IN</> parameters to be assigned values within
PL/pgSQL functions (Steve Prentice)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve error location reporting in PL/pgSQL (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have PL/pgSQL use the main lexer, rather than a custom version (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
<sect5>
<title>PL/pgSQL Cursors</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add count and <literal>ALL</> options to <command>MOVE
FORWARD</>/<literal>BACKWARD</> in PL/pgSQL (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow PL/pgSQL's <literal>WHERE CURRENT OF</> to use a cursor
variable (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add PL/pgSQL's <command>OPEN cursor FOR EXECUTE</> to use parameters
(Pavel Stehule, Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
This is accomplished with a new <literal>USING</> clause.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
<sect5>
<title>PL/Perl Server-Side Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new PL/Perl functions: <function>quote_literal()</>,
<function>quote_nullable()</>, <function>quote_ident()</>,
<function>encode_bytea()</>, <function>decode_bytea()</>,
<function>looks_like_number()</>, <function>encode_array_literal()</>,
<function>encode_array_constructor()</> (Tim Bunce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add server variable <varname>plperl.on_init</> to specify a PL/Perl
Perl initialization function (Tim Bunce)
</para>
<para>
<varname>plperl.on_plperl_init</> and <varname>plperl.on_plperlu_init</>
are also available for trusted/untrusted-specific initialization.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve error context support in PL/Perl (Alexey Klyukin)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support <command>END</> blocks in PL/Perl (Tim Bunce)
</para>
<para>
<command>END</> blocks do not currently allow database access.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>use strict</> in PL/Perl (Tim Bunce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>require</> in PL/Perl (Tim Bunce)
</para>
<para>
This basically tests to see if the module is loaded, and if not,
generates an error.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <command>use feature</> in PL/Perl if Perl version 5.10 or
later is used (Tim Bunce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Verify that PL/Perl return values are valid in the server encoding
(Andrew)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve PL/Perl code structure (Tim Bunce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
PL/Perl subroutines are now given names (Tim Bunce)
</para>
<para>
This is for the use of profiling and code coverage tools. DIDN'T
THEY HAVE NAMES BEFORE?
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
PL/Perl no longer allows <application>Safe</> version 2.20 because
it is unsafe (Tim Bunce)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
<sect5>
<title>PL/Python Server-Side Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add Unicode support in PL/Python (Peter)
</para>
<para>
Strings are automatically converted from/to the server encoding as
necessary.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve <type>bytea</> support in PL/Python (Caleb Welton)
</para>
<para>
<type>Bytea</> values passed into PL/Python now are represented as
binary, rather than the Postgres <type>bytea</> text format. Null
bytes are now also output properly from PL/Python. <type>Boolean</>
and <type>numeric</> value passing in PL/Python was also improved.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add array parameter/return support to PL/Python (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve mapping of domains to Python base types in PL/Python (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <application>Python</> 3 support to PL/Python (Peter)
</para>
<para>
The new server-side language is called <literal>plpython3u</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve error location and exception reporting in PL/Python (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Client Applications</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>vacuumdb</> <option>--analyze-only</> option to only
analyze (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><application>psql</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Properly escape <application>psql</> variables and identifiers
(Pavel Stehule, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
For example, <literal>:'var'</> will be escaped as a literal string, and
<literal>:"var"</> will be escaped as an SQL identifier.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ignore leading UTF-8-encoded Unicode byte-order marker in
<application>psql</> (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
This is enabled when the client encoding is <acronym>UTF-8</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix <command>psql --file -</> to properly honor
<option>--single-transaction</> (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Prevent overwriting of <application>psql</>'s command-line history
if two <application>psql</> sessions are run simultaneously (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve <application>psql</>'s tab completion support (Itagaki
Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect5>
<title><application>psql</> Display</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <application>psql</> to use fancy Unicode line-drawing
characters via <command>\pset linestyle unicode</> (Roger Leigh)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve display of wrapped columns in <application>psql</> (Roger
Leigh)
</para>
<para>
The previous format is available by using <command>\pset linestyle
old-ascii</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
<sect5>
<title><application>psql</> <command>\d</> Commands</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <command>\d</> show child tables that inherit from the specified
parent (Damien Clochard)
</para>
<para>
<command>\d</> shows only the number of child tables, while
<command>\d+</> shows the names of all child tables.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Show definition of indexes in <command>\d index_name</> (Khee Chin)
</para>
<para>
The definition is useful for expression indexes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
In <application>psql</>, show the view definition only with <command>\d+</>,
not with <command>\d</> (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><application>pg_dump</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <application>pg_dump</>/<application>pg_restore</> <option>--clean</>
also remove large objects (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump large objects if
standard_conforming_strings is enabled (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Large objects dumps now use hex format for output. (SWITCH DEFAULT
FOR BETA? TOM)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <application>pg_dump</> to dump comments attached to columns
of composite types (Taro Minowa (Higepon))
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <application>pg_dump</> <option>--verbose</> output the
<application>pg_dump</> and server versions in text output mode (Jim
Cox, Tom)
</para>
<para>
These were already present in custom output mode.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><application>pg_ctl</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <application>pg_ctl</> to be safely used to start the
<application>postmaster</> at boot-time (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Previously the <application>pg_ctl</> process could have been mistakenly
identified as a running <application>postmaster</> based on a stale
<application>postmaster</> lock file.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Give <application>pg_ctl</> the ability to initialize the database
(like <application>initdb</>) (Zdenek Kotala)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><application>libpq</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add new <application>libpq</> functions
<function>PQconnectdbParams()</> and <function>PQconnectStartParams()</>
(Guillaume Lelarge)
</para>
<para>
These functions are similar to <function>PQconnectdb()</> and
<function>PQconnectStart()</> except they allow a null-terminated
array of connection options, rather than requiring all options to
be sent in a single string.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <application>libpq</> functions <function>PQescapeLiteral()</> and
<function>PQescapeIdentifier()</> (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
These functions return appropriately quoted and escaped literal
strings and identifiers. The caller is not required to pre-allocate
the string result, as is required by <function>PQescapeStringConn()</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add checking for a per-user service file (<filename>.pg_service.conf</>),
which is checked before the site-wide service file (Peter)
</para>
<para>
The file <filename>.pg_service.conf</> is assumed to be in the
user's home directory.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Properly report an error if the specified <application>libpq</> service
cannot be found (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Issue a warning if the <filename>.pgpass</>-retrieved password fails
(Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><application>ecpg</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <acronym>SQLDA</> (SQL Descriptor Area) support to <application>ecpg</>
(Boszormenyi Zoltan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the <command>DESCRIBE</> [<literal>OUTPUT</>] statement to
<application>ecpg</> (Boszormenyi Zoltan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add an <application>ecpg</> function to return the current transaction
status (Bernd Helmle)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the <literal>string</> data type in <application>ecpg</>
Informix-compatibility mode (Zoltan Boszormenyi)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <application>ecpg</> to use <literal>new</> and <literal>old</>
variable names without restriction (Michael)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Have <application>ecpg</> return zero for non-SQL3 data types (Michael)
</para>
<para>
Previously it returned the negative of the data type <type>oid</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect5>
<title><application>ecpg</> Cursors</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <application>ecpg</> out-of-scope cursor support in native mode
(Boszormenyi Zoltan)
</para>
<para>
This allows <command>DECLARE</> to use variables that are not in
scope when <command>OPEN</> is called. This facility already existed
in <application>ecpg</> Informix-compatibility mode.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow dynamic <application>ecpg</> cursor names (Boszormenyi Zoltan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <application>ecpg</> to use noise words <literal>FROM</> and
<literal>IN</> in <command>FETCH</> and <command>MOVE</> (Zoltan
Boszormenyi)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Build Options</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable client thread safety by default (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
Thread-safe builds can be disabled with <application>configure</>
<option>--disable-thread-safety</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a compile-time option to allow the Linux out-of-memory killer
to kill backends (Alex Hunsaker, Tom)
</para>
<para>
Now that <filename>/proc/self/oom_adj</> allows disabling of the
<productname>Linux</> out-of-memory (<acronym>OOM</>) killer for the
postmaster and its children, the new compile-time option
<literal>-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0</> allows the killer to be enabled for
<application>postmaster</> children. <application>pg_config</> shows if
this flag was used during compilation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Use <productname>DocBook</> <acronym>XSL</> stylesheets for man page
building (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Makefiles</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
New <filename>Makefile</> targets <literal>world</>,
<literal>install-world</>, and <literal>installcheck-world</> (Andrew)
</para>
<para>
These are similar to the existing <literal>all</>, <literal>install</>,
and <literal>installcheck</> targets, but they build <acronym>HTML</>
documentation, build and test <filename>/contrib</>, and test
server-side languages and <application>ecpg</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add data and documentation location control to <acronym>PGXS</>
Makefiles (Mark Cave-Ayland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Restructure the <acronym>HTML</> documentation build
<filename>Makefile</> rules (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>New Requirements</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Require <application>Autoconf</> 2.63 for building from source (Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Require <application>Flex</> 2.5.31 or later to build from source
(Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Require <application>Perl</> version 5.8 or greater to build the server
from a <acronym>CVS</> copy (John Naylor, Andrew)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Windows</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for compiling on 64-bit <productname>Windows</> and running
in 64-bit mode (Tsutomu Yamada, Magnus)
</para>
<para>
This allows for large shared memory sizes on <productname>Windows</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow server builds using <productname>Visual Studio 2008</> (Magnus)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow multi-processor compilation using <productname>Microsoft Visual
C</> (Magnus)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Source Code</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Distribute documentation in a proper directory tree, rather than
as tar archive files inside the main distribution tarball (Peter)
</para>
<para>
For example, the <acronym>HTML</> documentation is now in
<filename>doc/src/sgml/html</>; the manual pages are packaged
similarly.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable the server lexer to be reentrant (Tom)
</para>
<para>
This was needed for use of the lexer by PL/pgSQL.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve speed of memory allocation (Tom, Greg Stark)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add system columns to better document the use of indexes for constraint
enforcement (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow multiple actions to be communicated using the same operating
system signal (Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
This allows improved backend communication as new features are
added.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve source code test coverage, including /contrib, PL/Python,
and PL/Perl (Peter, Andrew)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove the use of flat files for system table bootstrapping (Tom,
Alvaro)
</para>
<para>
This also improves performance when using millions of users and
databases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve the ability to translate <application>psql</> strings
(Peter)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Reduce the length of some file names so file paths are less than
100 characters (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Some decompression programs have problems with long file names.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Tighten input requirements for <type>int2</> vector input (Caleb
Welton)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Properly remove the few remaining personal source code copyright
entries (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
The personal copyright notices were insignificant but the community
occasionally had to answer questions about them.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a new <literal>ERRCODE_INVALID_PASSWORD</> <literal>SQLSTATE</> error
code (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>Feature Support</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Use a more modern <acronym>API</> for <application>Bonjour</> (Tom)
</para>
<para>
Bonjour now requires <productname>OS X</> 10.3 or later.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add processor test-and-test lock support for the <productname>SuperH</>
architecture (Nobuhiro Iwamatsu)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow non-<application>GCC</> compilers to use inline functions if
they support them (Kurt Harriman)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove support for platforms that don't have a working 64-bit
integer data types (Tom)
</para>
<para>
It is believed all supported platforms have working 64-bit integer
data types.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Server Programming</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow use of <productname>C++</> functions in backend code (Kurt
Harriman, Peter)
</para>
<para>
This removes keyword conflicts that previously made <productname>C++</>
usage difficult in backend code. <literal>extern "C" { }</> might still
be necessary.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>AggCheckCallContext()</> for use in detecting if a
<productname>C</> function is being called as an aggregate (Hitoshi
Harada)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Require <function>fastgetattr()</> and <function>heap_getattr()</>
backend macros to use a non-NULL fourth argument (Robert Haas)
KEEP?
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Server Hooks</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add parser hooks to access column and parameter references in
queries (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a hook so loadable modules can control utility commands (Itagaki
Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow the calling of parser hooks from <acronym>SPI</> and cached
plans (Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Binary Upgrade Support</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for preservation of all <structname>relfilenodes</>, for
use during binary upgrades (Bruce)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for binary upgrades to preserve <structname>pg_type</>
and <structname>pg_enum</> <type>oids</> (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
This is needed to allow binary upgrades of user-defined composite
types, arrays, and enums (enumerated types).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Move tablespace data directories into their own
<productname>PostgreSQL</> version-specific subdirectory (Bruce)
</para>
<para>
This simplifies binary upgrades.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Contrib</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add multi-threaded option (<option>-j</>) to
<filename>/contrib/pgbench</> (Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
<para>
This allows multiple <acronym>CPU</>s to be used for pgbench tests.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <command>\shell</> and <command>\setshell</> meta commands to
<filename>/contrib/pgbench</> (Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New features for <filename>/contrib/dict_xsyn</> (Sergey Karpov)
</para>
<para>
The new options are <literal>matchorig</>, <literal>matchsynonyms</>,
and <literal>keepsynonyms</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add full text dictionary <filename>/contrib/unaccent</> (Teodor)
</para>
<para>
This filter dictionary removes accents from tokens.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <function>dblink_get_notify()</> to <filename>/contrib/dblink</>
(Marcus Kempe)
</para>
<para>
This allows async notifications in <productname>dblink</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Greatly increase <filename>/contrib/hstore</>'s length limit and add
btree and hash abilities so <literal>GROUP BY</> and
<literal>DISTINCT</> operations are possible (Andrew Gierth)
</para>
<para>
New functions and operators were also added.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <filename>/contrib/passwordcheck</> which can check the strength of
assigned passwords (Laurenz Albe)
</para>
<para>
The source code of this module should be modified to implement
site-specific password policies.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add query text to <filename>/contrib/auto_explain</> output (Andrew)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add buffer access counters to <filename>/contrib/pg_stat_statements</>
(Itagaki Takahiro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Update <filename>/contrib/start-scripts/linux</> to use
<filename>/proc/self/oom_adj</> to disable the <productname>Linux</>
out-of-memory (<acronym>OOM</>) killer (Alex Hunsaker, Tom)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="release-9-0-alpha">
<title>Release 9.0alpha4</title>
<sect2>
<title>Overview</title>
......
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