Although we can't support out-of-line TOAST storage in indexes (yet),

compressed storage works perfectly well.  Might as well have a coherent
strategy for applying it, rather than the haphazard store-what-you-get
approach that was in the code before.  The strategy I've set up here is
to attempt compression of any compressible index value exceeding
BLCKSZ/16, or about 500 bytes by default.

src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
  *
  * indextuple.c
  *	   This file contains index tuple accessor and mutator routines,
- *	   as well as a few various tuple utilities.
+ *	   as well as various tuple utilities.
  *
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2001, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c,v 1.50 2001/01/24 19:42:47 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c,v 1.51 2001/02/15 20:57:01 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -57,24 +57,44 @@ index_formtuple(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
 #ifdef TOAST_INDEX_HACK
 	for (i = 0; i < numberOfAttributes; i++)
 	{
-		if (null[i] != ' ' || tupleDescriptor->attrs[i]->attlen >= 0)
-		{
+		Form_pg_attribute  att = tupleDescriptor->attrs[i];
+
 		untoasted_value[i] = value[i];
 		untoasted_free[i] = false;
-		}
-		else
-		{
+
+		/* Do nothing if value is NULL or not of varlena type */
+		if (null[i] != ' ' || att->attlen >= 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * If value is stored EXTERNAL, must fetch it so we are not
+		 * depending on outside storage.  This should be improved someday.
+		 */
 		if (VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL(value[i]))
 		{
 			untoasted_value[i] = PointerGetDatum(
 				heap_tuple_fetch_attr(
-						(varattrib *)DatumGetPointer(value[i])));
+					(varattrib *) DatumGetPointer(value[i])));
 			untoasted_free[i] = true;
 		}
-			else
+
+		/*
+		 * If value is above size target, and is of a compressible datatype,
+		 * try to compress it in-line.
+		 */
+		if (VARATT_SIZE(untoasted_value[i]) > TOAST_INDEX_TARGET &&
+			!VARATT_IS_EXTENDED(untoasted_value[i]) &&
+			(att->attstorage == 'x' || att->attstorage == 'm'))
 		{
-				untoasted_value[i] = value[i];
-				untoasted_free[i] = false;
+			Datum	cvalue = toast_compress_datum(untoasted_value[i]);
+
+			if (DatumGetPointer(cvalue) != NULL)
+			{
+				/* successful compression */
+				if (untoasted_free[i])
+					pfree(DatumGetPointer(untoasted_value[i]));
+				untoasted_value[i] = cvalue;
+				untoasted_free[i] = true;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -137,10 +157,9 @@ index_formtuple(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
 	 * Here we make sure that the size will fit in the field reserved for
 	 * it in t_info.
 	 */
-
 	if ((size & INDEX_SIZE_MASK) != size)
-		elog(ERROR, "index_formtuple: data takes %lu bytes: too big",
-			(unsigned long)size);
+		elog(ERROR, "index_formtuple: data takes %lu bytes, max is %d",
+			 (unsigned long) size, INDEX_SIZE_MASK);
 
 	infomask |= size;
 

src/backend/access/heap/tuptoaster.c

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/access/heap/tuptoaster.c,v 1.16 2001/02/09 17:30:03 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/access/heap/tuptoaster.c,v 1.17 2001/02/15 20:57:01 tgl Exp $
  *
  *
  * INTERFACE ROUTINES
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ static void			toast_delete(Relation rel, HeapTuple oldtup);
 static void			toast_delete_datum(Relation rel, Datum value);
 static void			toast_insert_or_update(Relation rel, HeapTuple newtup,
 								HeapTuple oldtup);
-static Datum		toast_compress_datum(Datum value);
 static Datum		toast_save_datum(Relation rel, Oid mainoid, int16 attno, Datum value);
 static varattrib   *toast_fetch_datum(varattrib *attr);
 
@@ -721,7 +720,7 @@ toast_insert_or_update(Relation rel, HeapTuple newtup, HeapTuple oldtup)
  *	the tuple!
  * ----------
  */
-static Datum
+Datum
 toast_compress_datum(Datum value)
 {
 	varattrib	   *tmp;

src/include/access/tuptoaster.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2000, PostgreSQL Development Team
  *
- * $Id: tuptoaster.h,v 1.8 2000/08/04 04:16:10 tgl Exp $
+ * $Id: tuptoaster.h,v 1.9 2001/02/15 20:57:01 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@
 
 #define TOAST_TUPLE_TARGET		(MaxTupleSize / 4)
 
+/*
+ * If an index value is larger than TOAST_INDEX_TARGET, we will try to
+ * compress it (we can't move it out-of-line, however).  Note that this
+ * number is per-datum, not per-tuple, for simplicity in index_formtuple().
+ */
+#define TOAST_INDEX_TARGET		(MaxTupleSize / 16)
 
 /*
  * When we store an oversize datum externally, we divide it into chunks
@@ -95,6 +101,14 @@ extern varattrib *heap_tuple_fetch_attr(varattrib * attr);
  */
 extern varattrib *heap_tuple_untoast_attr(varattrib * attr);
 
+/* ----------
+ * toast_compress_datum -
+ *
+ *	Create a compressed version of a varlena datum, if possible
+ * ----------
+ */
+extern Datum toast_compress_datum(Datum value);
+
 #endif	 /* TUPLE_TOASTER_ACTIVE */