<!-- doc/src/sgml/pgstatstatements.sgml -->

<sect1 id="pgstatstatements" xreflabel="pg_stat_statements">
 <title>pg_stat_statements</title>

 <indexterm zone="pgstatstatements">
  <primary>pg_stat_statements</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <para>
  The <filename>pg_stat_statements</filename> module provides a means for
  tracking execution statistics of all SQL statements executed by a server.
 </para>

 <para>
  The module must be loaded by adding <literal>pg_stat_statements</> to
  <xref linkend="guc-shared-preload-libraries"> in
  <filename>postgresql.conf</>, because it requires additional shared memory.
  This means that a server restart is needed to add or remove the module.
 </para>

 <sect2>
  <title>The <structname>pg_stat_statements</structname> View</title>

  <para>
   The statistics gathered by the module are made available via a system view
   named <structname>pg_stat_statements</>.  This view contains one row for
   each distinct query, database ID, and user ID (up to the maximum
   number of distinct statements that the module can track).  The columns
   of the view are shown in <xref linkend="pgstatstatements-columns">.
  </para>

  <table id="pgstatstatements-columns">
   <title><structname>pg_stat_statements</> Columns</title>

   <tgroup cols="4">
    <thead>
     <row>
      <entry>Name</entry>
      <entry>Type</entry>
      <entry>References</entry>
      <entry>Description</entry>
     </row>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
     <row>
      <entry><structfield>userid</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>oid</type></entry>
      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-authid"><structname>pg_authid</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
      <entry>OID of user who executed the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>dbid</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>oid</type></entry>
      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-database"><structname>pg_database</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
      <entry>OID of database in which the statement was executed</entry>
     </row>

    <row>
      <entry><structfield>query</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>text</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Text of a representative statement (up to <xref linkend="guc-track-activity-query-size"> bytes)</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>calls</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Number of times executed</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>total_time</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>double precision</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total time spent in the statement, in seconds</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>rows</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of rows retrieved or affected by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>shared_blks_hit</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of shared blocks hits by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>shared_blks_read</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of shared blocks reads by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>shared_blks_dirtied</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of shared blocks dirtied by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>shared_blks_written</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of shared blocks writes by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>local_blks_hit</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of local blocks hits by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>local_blks_read</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of local blocks reads by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>local_blks_dirtied</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of local blocks dirtied by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>local_blks_written</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of local blocks writes by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>temp_blks_read</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of temp blocks reads by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>temp_blks_written</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>bigint</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>Total number of temp blocks writes by the statement</entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>time_read</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>double precision</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>
        Total time the statement spent reading blocks, in seconds
        (if <xref linkend="guc-track-iotiming"> is enabled, otherwise zero)
      </entry>
     </row>

     <row>
      <entry><structfield>time_write</structfield></entry>
      <entry><type>double precision</type></entry>
      <entry></entry>
      <entry>
        Total time the statement spent writing blocks, in seconds
        (if <xref linkend="guc-track-iotiming"> is enabled, otherwise zero)
      </entry>
     </row>

    </tbody>
   </tgroup>
  </table>

  <para>
   This view, and the function <function>pg_stat_statements_reset</>,
   are available only in databases they have been specifically installed into
   by installing the <literal>pg_stat_statements</> extension.
   However, statistics are tracked across all databases of the server
   whenever the <filename>pg_stat_statements</filename> module is loaded
   into the server, regardless of presence of the view.
  </para>

  <para>
   For security reasons, non-superusers are not allowed to see the text of
   queries executed by other users.  They can see the statistics, however,
   if the view has been installed in their database.
  </para>

  <para>
   Plannable queries (that is, <command>SELECT</>, <command>INSERT</>,
   <command>UPDATE</>, and <command>DELETE</>) are combined into a single
   <structname>pg_stat_statements</> entry whenever they have identical query
   structures according to an internal hash calculation.  Typically, two
   queries will be considered the same for this purpose if they are
   semantically equivalent except for the values of literal constants
   appearing in the query.  Utility commands (that is, all other commands)
   are compared strictly on the basis of their textual query strings, however.
  </para>

  <para>
   When a constant's value has been ignored for purposes of matching the
   query to other queries, the constant is replaced by <literal>?</literal>
   in the <structname>pg_stat_statements</> display.  The rest of the query
   text is that of the first query that had the particular hash value
   associated with the <structname>pg_stat_statements</> entry.
  </para>

  <para>
   In some cases, queries with visibly different texts might get merged into a
   single <structname>pg_stat_statements</> entry.  Normally this will happen
   only for semantically equivalent queries, but there is a small chance of
   hash collisions causing unrelated queries to be merged into one entry.
   (This cannot happen for queries belonging to different users or databases,
   however.)
  </para>

  <para>
   Since the hash value is computed on the post-parse-analysis representation
   of the queries, the opposite is also possible: queries with identical texts
   might appear as separate entries, if they have different meanings as a
   result of factors such as different <varname>search_path</> settings.
  </para>
 </sect2>

 <sect2>
  <title>Functions</title>

  <variablelist>
   <varlistentry>
    <term>
     <function>pg_stat_statements_reset() returns void</function>
    </term>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <function>pg_stat_statements_reset</function> discards all statistics
      gathered so far by <filename>pg_stat_statements</>.
      By default, this function can only be executed by superusers.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

  </variablelist>
 </sect2>

 <sect2>
  <title>Configuration Parameters</title>

  <variablelist>
   <varlistentry>
    <term>
     <varname>pg_stat_statements.max</varname> (<type>integer</type>)
    </term>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <varname>pg_stat_statements.max</varname> is the maximum number of
      statements tracked by the module (i.e., the maximum number of rows
      in the <structname>pg_stat_statements</> view).  If more distinct
      statements than that are observed, information about the least-executed
      statements is discarded.
      The default value is 1000.
      This parameter can only be set at server start.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term>
     <varname>pg_stat_statements.track</varname> (<type>enum</type>)
    </term>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <varname>pg_stat_statements.track</varname> controls which statements
      are counted by the module.
      Specify <literal>top</> to track top-level statements (those issued
      directly by clients), <literal>all</> to also track nested statements
      (such as statements invoked within functions), or <literal>none</> to
      disable.
      The default value is <literal>top</>.
      Only superusers can change this setting.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term>
     <varname>pg_stat_statements.track_utility</varname> (<type>boolean</type>)
    </term>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <varname>pg_stat_statements.track_utility</varname> controls whether
      utility commands are tracked by the module.  Utility commands are
      all those other than <command>SELECT</>, <command>INSERT</>,
      <command>UPDATE</> and <command>DELETE</>.
      The default value is <literal>on</>.
      Only superusers can change this setting.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term>
     <varname>pg_stat_statements.save</varname> (<type>boolean</type>)
    </term>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <varname>pg_stat_statements.save</varname> specifies whether to
      save statement statistics across server shutdowns.
      If it is <literal>off</> then statistics are not saved at
      shutdown nor reloaded at server start.
      The default value is <literal>on</>.
      This parameter can only be set in the <filename>postgresql.conf</>
      file or on the server command line.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>

  <para>
   The module requires additional shared memory amounting to about
   <varname>pg_stat_statements.max</varname> <literal>*</>
   <xref linkend="guc-track-activity-query-size"> bytes.  Note that this
   memory is consumed whenever the module is loaded, even if
   <varname>pg_stat_statements.track</> is set to <literal>none</>.
  </para>

  <para>
   These parameters must be set in <filename>postgresql.conf</>.
   Typical usage might be:

<programlisting>
# postgresql.conf
shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'

pg_stat_statements.max = 10000
pg_stat_statements.track = all
</programlisting>
  </para>
 </sect2>

 <sect2>
  <title>Sample Output</title>

<screen>
bench=# SELECT pg_stat_statements_reset();

$ pgbench -i bench
$ pgbench -c10 -t300 bench

bench=# \x
bench=# SELECT query, calls, total_time, rows, 100.0 * shared_blks_hit /
               nullif(shared_blks_hit + shared_blks_read, 0) AS hit_percent
          FROM pg_stat_statements ORDER BY total_time DESC LIMIT 5;
-[ RECORD 1 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query       | UPDATE pgbench_branches SET bbalance = bbalance + ? WHERE bid = ?;
calls       | 3000
total_time  | 9.60900100000002
rows        | 2836
hit_percent | 99.9778970000200936
-[ RECORD 2 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query       | UPDATE pgbench_tellers SET tbalance = tbalance + ? WHERE tid = ?;
calls       | 3000
total_time  | 8.015156
rows        | 2990
hit_percent | 99.9731126579631345
-[ RECORD 3 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query       | copy pgbench_accounts from stdin
calls       | 1
total_time  | 0.310624
rows        | 100000
hit_percent | 0.30395136778115501520
-[ RECORD 4 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query       | UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + ? WHERE aid = ?;
calls       | 3000
total_time  | 0.271741999999997
rows        | 3000
hit_percent | 93.7968855088209426
-[ RECORD 5 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query       | alter table pgbench_accounts add primary key (aid)
calls       | 1
total_time  | 0.08142
rows        | 0
hit_percent | 34.4947735191637631
</screen>
 </sect2>

 <sect2>
  <title>Authors</title>

  <para>
   Takahiro Itagaki <email>itagaki.takahiro@oss.ntt.co.jp</email>.
   Query normalization added by Peter Geoghegan <email>peter@2ndquadrant.com</email>.
  </para>
 </sect2>

</sect1>
