/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * geqo_main.c
 *	  solution to the query optimization problem
 *	  by means of a Genetic Algorithm (GA)
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2003, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_main.c,v 1.39 2003/08/12 18:23:20 tgl Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* contributed by:
   =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=
   *  Martin Utesch				 * Institute of Automatic Control	   *
   =							 = University of Mining and Technology =
   *  utesch@aut.tu-freiberg.de  * Freiberg, Germany				   *
   =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=
 */

/* -- parts of this are adapted from D. Whitley's Genitor algorithm -- */

#include "postgres.h"

#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "optimizer/geqo.h"
#include "optimizer/geqo_misc.h"
#include "optimizer/geqo_mutation.h"
#include "optimizer/geqo_pool.h"
#include "optimizer/geqo_selection.h"


/*
 * Configuration options
 */
int			Geqo_pool_size;
int			Geqo_effort;
int			Geqo_generations;
double		Geqo_selection_bias;
int			Geqo_random_seed;


static int	gimme_pool_size(int nr_rel);
static int	gimme_number_generations(int pool_size, int effort);

/* define edge recombination crossover [ERX] per default */
#if !defined(ERX) && \
	!defined(PMX) && \
	!defined(CX)  && \
	!defined(PX)  && \
	!defined(OX1) && \
	!defined(OX2)
#define ERX
#endif


/*
 * geqo
 *	  solution of the query optimization problem
 *	  similar to a constrained Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)
 */

RelOptInfo *
geqo(Query *root, int number_of_rels, List *initial_rels)
{
	int			generation;
	Chromosome *momma;
	Chromosome *daddy;
	Chromosome *kid;
	Pool	   *pool;
	int			pool_size,
				number_generations,
				status_interval;
	Gene	   *best_tour;
	RelOptInfo *best_rel;

#if defined(ERX)
	Edge	   *edge_table;		/* list of edges */
	int			edge_failures = 0;
	float		difference;
#endif
#if defined(CX) || defined(PX) || defined(OX1) || defined(OX2)
	City	   *city_table;		/* list of cities */
#endif
#if defined(CX)
	int			cycle_diffs = 0;
	int			mutations = 0;
#endif

/* set GA parameters */
	pool_size = gimme_pool_size(number_of_rels);
	number_generations = gimme_number_generations(pool_size, Geqo_effort);
	status_interval = 10;

/* seed random number generator */
/* XXX why is this done every time around? */
	if (Geqo_random_seed >= 0)
		srandom((unsigned int) Geqo_random_seed);
	else
		srandom((unsigned int) time(NULL));

/* allocate genetic pool memory */
	pool = alloc_pool(pool_size, number_of_rels);

/* random initialization of the pool */
	random_init_pool(root, initial_rels, pool, 0, pool->size);

/* sort the pool according to cheapest path as fitness */
	sort_pool(pool);			/* we have to do it only one time, since
								 * all kids replace the worst individuals
								 * in future (-> geqo_pool.c:spread_chromo
								 * ) */

/* allocate chromosome momma and daddy memory */
	momma = alloc_chromo(pool->string_length);
	daddy = alloc_chromo(pool->string_length);

#if defined (ERX)
	ereport(DEBUG2,
			(errmsg_internal("using edge recombination crossover [ERX]")));
/* allocate edge table memory */
	edge_table = alloc_edge_table(pool->string_length);
#elif defined(PMX)
	ereport(DEBUG2,
			(errmsg_internal("using partially matched crossover [PMX]")));
/* allocate chromosome kid memory */
	kid = alloc_chromo(pool->string_length);
#elif defined(CX)
	ereport(DEBUG2,
			(errmsg_internal("using cycle crossover [CX]")));
/* allocate city table memory */
	kid = alloc_chromo(pool->string_length);
	city_table = alloc_city_table(pool->string_length);
#elif defined(PX)
	ereport(DEBUG2,
			(errmsg_internal("using position crossover [PX]")));
/* allocate city table memory */
	kid = alloc_chromo(pool->string_length);
	city_table = alloc_city_table(pool->string_length);
#elif defined(OX1)
	ereport(DEBUG2,
			(errmsg_internal("using order crossover [OX1]")));
/* allocate city table memory */
	kid = alloc_chromo(pool->string_length);
	city_table = alloc_city_table(pool->string_length);
#elif defined(OX2)
	ereport(DEBUG2,
			(errmsg_internal("using order crossover [OX2]")));
/* allocate city table memory */
	kid = alloc_chromo(pool->string_length);
	city_table = alloc_city_table(pool->string_length);
#endif


/* my pain main part: */
/* iterative optimization */

	for (generation = 0; generation < number_generations; generation++)
	{
		/* SELECTION: using linear bias function */
		geqo_selection(momma, daddy, pool, Geqo_selection_bias);

#if defined (ERX)
		/* EDGE RECOMBINATION CROSSOVER */
		difference = gimme_edge_table(momma->string, daddy->string, pool->string_length, edge_table);

		kid = momma;

		/* are there any edge failures ? */
		edge_failures += gimme_tour(edge_table, kid->string, pool->string_length);
#elif defined(PMX)
		/* PARTIALLY MATCHED CROSSOVER */
		pmx(momma->string, daddy->string, kid->string, pool->string_length);
#elif defined(CX)
		/* CYCLE CROSSOVER */
		cycle_diffs = cx(momma->string, daddy->string, kid->string, pool->string_length, city_table);
		/* mutate the child */
		if (cycle_diffs == 0)
		{
			mutations++;
			geqo_mutation(kid->string, pool->string_length);
		}
#elif defined(PX)
		/* POSITION CROSSOVER */
		px(momma->string, daddy->string, kid->string, pool->string_length, city_table);
#elif defined(OX1)
		/* ORDER CROSSOVER */
		ox1(momma->string, daddy->string, kid->string, pool->string_length, city_table);
#elif defined(OX2)
		/* ORDER CROSSOVER */
		ox2(momma->string, daddy->string, kid->string, pool->string_length, city_table);
#endif


		/* EVALUATE FITNESS */
		kid->worth = geqo_eval(root, initial_rels,
							   kid->string, pool->string_length);

		/* push the kid into the wilderness of life according to its worth */
		spread_chromo(kid, pool);


#ifdef GEQO_DEBUG
		if (status_interval && !(generation % status_interval))
			print_gen(stdout, pool, generation);
#endif

	}


#if defined(ERX) && defined(GEQO_DEBUG)
	if (edge_failures != 0)
		elog(LOG, "[GEQO] failures: %d, average: %d",
			 edge_failures, (int) generation / edge_failures);
	else
		elog(LOG, "[GEQO] no edge failures detected");
#endif


#if defined(CX) && defined(GEQO_DEBUG)
	if (mutations != 0)
		elog(LOG, "[GEQO] mutations: %d, generations: %d", mutations, generation);
	else
		elog(LOG, "[GEQO] no mutations processed");
#endif


#ifdef GEQO_DEBUG
	print_pool(stdout, pool, 0, pool_size - 1);
#endif


	/*
	 * got the cheapest query tree processed by geqo; first element of the
	 * population indicates the best query tree
	 */
	best_tour = (Gene *) pool->data[0].string;

	/* root->join_rel_list will be modified during this ! */
	best_rel = gimme_tree(root, initial_rels,
						  best_tour, pool->string_length);

	if (best_rel == NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "failed to make a valid plan");

	/* DBG: show the query plan */
#ifdef NOT_USED
	print_plan(best_plan, root);
#endif

	/* ... free memory stuff */
	free_chromo(momma);
	free_chromo(daddy);

#if defined (ERX)
	free_edge_table(edge_table);
#elif defined(PMX)
	free_chromo(kid);
#elif defined(CX)
	free_chromo(kid);
	free_city_table(city_table);
#elif defined(PX)
	free_chromo(kid);
	free_city_table(city_table);
#elif defined(OX1)
	free_chromo(kid);
	free_city_table(city_table);
#elif defined(OX2)
	free_chromo(kid);
	free_city_table(city_table);
#endif

	free_pool(pool);

	return best_rel;
}



/*
 * Return either configured pool size or
 * a good default based on query size (no. of relations)
 * = 2^(QS+1)
 * also constrain between 128 and 1024
 */
static int
gimme_pool_size(int nr_rel)
{
	double		size;

	if (Geqo_pool_size != 0)
		return Geqo_pool_size;

	size = pow(2.0, nr_rel + 1.0);

	if (size < MIN_GEQO_POOL_SIZE)
		return MIN_GEQO_POOL_SIZE;
	else if (size > MAX_GEQO_POOL_SIZE)
		return MAX_GEQO_POOL_SIZE;
	else
		return (int) ceil(size);
}



/*
 * Return either configured number of generations or
 * some reasonable default calculated on the fly.
 * = Effort * Log2(PoolSize)
 */
static int
gimme_number_generations(int pool_size, int effort)
{
	if (Geqo_generations <= 0)
		return effort * (int) ceil(log((double) pool_size) / log(2.0));
	else
		return Geqo_generations;
}
