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doc/src/sgml/ref/comment.sgml
PostgreSQL documentation
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<refentry id="sql-comment">
 <indexterm zone="sql-comment">
  <primary>COMMENT</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle>COMMENT</refentrytitle>
  <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>COMMENT</refname>
  <refpurpose>define or change the comment of an object</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
<synopsis>
COMMENT ON
{
  ACCESS METHOD <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  AGGREGATE <replaceable class="parameter">aggregate_name</replaceable> ( <replaceable>aggregate_signature</replaceable> ) |
  CAST (<replaceable>source_type</replaceable> AS <replaceable>target_type</replaceable>) |
  COLLATION <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  COLUMN <replaceable class="parameter">relation_name</replaceable>.<replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> |
  CONSTRAINT <replaceable class="parameter">constraint_name</replaceable> ON <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> |
  CONSTRAINT <replaceable class="parameter">constraint_name</replaceable> ON DOMAIN <replaceable class="parameter">domain_name</replaceable> |
  CONVERSION <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  DATABASE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  DOMAIN <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  EXTENSION <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  EVENT TRIGGER <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  FOREIGN TABLE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  FUNCTION <replaceable class="parameter">function_name</replaceable> [ ( [ [ <replaceable class="parameter">argmode</replaceable> ] [ <replaceable class="parameter">argname</replaceable> ] <replaceable class="parameter">argtype</replaceable> [, ...] ] ) ] |
  INDEX <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  LARGE OBJECT <replaceable class="parameter">large_object_oid</replaceable> |
  MATERIALIZED VIEW <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  OPERATOR <replaceable class="parameter">operator_name</replaceable> (<replaceable class="parameter">left_type</replaceable>, <replaceable class="parameter">right_type</replaceable>) |
  OPERATOR CLASS <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> USING <replaceable class="parameter">index_method</replaceable> |
  OPERATOR FAMILY <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> USING <replaceable class="parameter">index_method</replaceable> |
  POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">policy_name</replaceable> ON <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> |
  [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  PROCEDURE <replaceable class="parameter">procedure_name</replaceable> [ ( [ [ <replaceable class="parameter">argmode</replaceable> ] [ <replaceable class="parameter">argname</replaceable> ] <replaceable class="parameter">argtype</replaceable> [, ...] ] ) ] |
  PUBLICATION <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  ROLE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  ROUTINE <replaceable class="parameter">routine_name</replaceable> [ ( [ [ <replaceable class="parameter">argmode</replaceable> ] [ <replaceable class="parameter">argname</replaceable> ] <replaceable class="parameter">argtype</replaceable> [, ...] ] ) ] |
  RULE <replaceable class="parameter">rule_name</replaceable> ON <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> |
  SCHEMA <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  SERVER <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  STATISTICS <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  SUBSCRIPTION <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  TABLE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  TABLESPACE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  TEXT SEARCH PARSER <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  TRANSFORM FOR <replaceable>type_name</replaceable> LANGUAGE <replaceable>lang_name</replaceable> |
  TRIGGER <replaceable class="parameter">trigger_name</replaceable> ON <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> |
  TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable> |
  VIEW <replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable>
} IS '<replaceable class="parameter">text</replaceable>'

<phrase>where <replaceable>aggregate_signature</replaceable> is:</phrase>

* |
[ <replaceable>argmode</replaceable> ] [ <replaceable>argname</replaceable> ] <replaceable>argtype</replaceable> [ , ... ] |
[ [ <replaceable>argmode</replaceable> ] [ <replaceable>argname</replaceable> ] <replaceable>argtype</replaceable> [ , ... ] ] ORDER BY [ <replaceable>argmode</replaceable> ] [ <replaceable>argname</replaceable> ] <replaceable>argtype</replaceable> [ , ... ]
</synopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Description</title>

  <para>
   <command>COMMENT</command> stores a comment about a database object.
  </para>

  <para>
   Only one comment string is stored for each object, so to modify a comment,
   issue a new <command>COMMENT</command> command for the same object.  To remove a
   comment, write <literal>NULL</literal> in place of the text string.
   Comments are automatically dropped when their object is dropped.
  </para>

  <para>
   A <literal>SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE</literal> lock is acquired on the
   object to be commented.
  </para>

  <para>
   For most kinds of object, only the object's owner can set the comment.
   Roles don't have owners, so the rule for <literal>COMMENT ON ROLE</literal> is
   that you must be superuser to comment on a superuser role, or have the
   <literal>CREATEROLE</literal> privilege to comment on non-superuser roles.
   Likewise, access methods don't have owners either; you must be superuser
   to comment on an access method.
   Of course, a superuser can comment on anything.
  </para>

  <para>
    Comments can be viewed using <application>psql</application>'s
    <command>\d</command> family of commands.
    Other user interfaces to retrieve comments can be built atop
    the same built-in functions that <application>psql</application> uses, namely
    <function>obj_description</function>, <function>col_description</function>,
    and <function>shobj_description</function>
    (see <xref linkend="functions-info-comment-table"/>).
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Parameters</title>

  <variablelist>
   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">object_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">relation_name</replaceable>.<replaceable>column_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">aggregate_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">constraint_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">function_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">operator_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">policy_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">procedure_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">routine_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">rule_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">trigger_name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name of the object to be commented.  Names of objects that reside in
      schemas (tables, functions, etc.) can be
      schema-qualified. When commenting on a column,
      <replaceable class="parameter">relation_name</replaceable> must refer
      to a table, view, composite type, or foreign table.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">domain_name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      When creating a comment on a constraint, a trigger, a rule or
      a policy these parameters specify the name of the table or domain on
      which that object is defined.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
     <term><replaceable>source_type</replaceable></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       The name of the source data type of the cast.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><replaceable>target_type</replaceable></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       The name of the target data type of the cast.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">argmode</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The mode of a function, procedure, or aggregate
      argument: <literal>IN</literal>, <literal>OUT</literal>,
      <literal>INOUT</literal>, or <literal>VARIADIC</literal>.
      If omitted, the default is <literal>IN</literal>.
      Note that <command>COMMENT</command> does not actually pay
      any attention to <literal>OUT</literal> arguments, since only the input
      arguments are needed to determine the function's identity.
      So it is sufficient to list the <literal>IN</literal>, <literal>INOUT</literal>,
      and <literal>VARIADIC</literal> arguments.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">argname</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name of a function, procedure, or aggregate argument.
      Note that <command>COMMENT</command> does not actually pay
      any attention to argument names, since only the argument data
      types are needed to determine the function's identity.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">argtype</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The data type of a function, procedure, or aggregate argument.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">large_object_oid</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The OID of the large object.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">left_type</replaceable></term>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">right_type</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The data type(s) of the operator's arguments (optionally
      schema-qualified).  Write <literal>NONE</literal> for the missing argument
      of a prefix operator.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><literal>PROCEDURAL</literal></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       This is a noise word.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><replaceable>type_name</replaceable></term>

     <listitem>
      <para>
       The name of the data type of the transform.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><replaceable>lang_name</replaceable></term>

     <listitem>
      <para>
       The name of the language of the transform.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">text</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The new comment, written as a string literal; or <literal>NULL</literal>
      to drop the comment.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

  </variablelist>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Notes</title>

  <para>
   There is presently no security mechanism for viewing comments: any user
   connected to a database can see all the comments for objects in
   that database.  For shared objects such as
   databases, roles, and tablespaces, comments are stored globally so any
   user connected to any database in the cluster can see all the comments
   for shared objects.  Therefore, don't put security-critical
   information in comments.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Examples</title>

  <para>
   Attach a comment to the table <literal>mytable</literal>:

<programlisting>
COMMENT ON TABLE mytable IS 'This is my table.';
</programlisting>

   Remove it again:

<programlisting>
COMMENT ON TABLE mytable IS NULL;
</programlisting>
  </para>

  <para>
   Some more examples:

<programlisting>
COMMENT ON ACCESS METHOD gin IS 'GIN index access method';
COMMENT ON AGGREGATE my_aggregate (double precision) IS 'Computes sample variance';
COMMENT ON CAST (text AS int4) IS 'Allow casts from text to int4';
COMMENT ON COLLATION "fr_CA" IS 'Canadian French';
COMMENT ON COLUMN my_table.my_column IS 'Employee ID number';
COMMENT ON CONVERSION my_conv IS 'Conversion to UTF8';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT bar_col_cons ON bar IS 'Constrains column col';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT dom_col_constr ON DOMAIN dom IS 'Constrains col of domain';
COMMENT ON DATABASE my_database IS 'Development Database';
COMMENT ON DOMAIN my_domain IS 'Email Address Domain';
COMMENT ON EVENT TRIGGER abort_ddl IS 'Aborts all DDL commands';
COMMENT ON EXTENSION hstore IS 'implements the hstore data type';
COMMENT ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER mywrapper IS 'my foreign data wrapper';
COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE my_foreign_table IS 'Employee Information in other database';
COMMENT ON FUNCTION my_function (timestamp) IS 'Returns Roman Numeral';
COMMENT ON INDEX my_index IS 'Enforces uniqueness on employee ID';
COMMENT ON LANGUAGE plpython IS 'Python support for stored procedures';
COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 346344 IS 'Planning document';
COMMENT ON MATERIALIZED VIEW my_matview IS 'Summary of order history';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR ^ (text, text) IS 'Performs intersection of two texts';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR - (NONE, integer) IS 'Unary minus';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR CLASS int4ops USING btree IS '4 byte integer operators for btrees';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR FAMILY integer_ops USING btree IS 'all integer operators for btrees';
COMMENT ON POLICY my_policy ON mytable IS 'Filter rows by users';
COMMENT ON PROCEDURE my_proc (integer, integer) IS 'Runs a report';
COMMENT ON PUBLICATION alltables IS 'Publishes all operations on all tables';
COMMENT ON ROLE my_role IS 'Administration group for finance tables';
COMMENT ON ROUTINE my_routine (integer, integer) IS 'Runs a routine (which is a function or procedure)';
COMMENT ON RULE my_rule ON my_table IS 'Logs updates of employee records';
COMMENT ON SCHEMA my_schema IS 'Departmental data';
COMMENT ON SEQUENCE my_sequence IS 'Used to generate primary keys';
COMMENT ON SERVER myserver IS 'my foreign server';
COMMENT ON STATISTICS my_statistics IS 'Improves planner row estimations';
COMMENT ON SUBSCRIPTION alltables IS 'Subscription for all operations on all tables';
COMMENT ON TABLE my_schema.my_table IS 'Employee Information';
COMMENT ON TABLESPACE my_tablespace IS 'Tablespace for indexes';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION my_config IS 'Special word filtering';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY swedish IS 'Snowball stemmer for Swedish language';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH PARSER my_parser IS 'Splits text into words';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE snowball IS 'Snowball stemmer';
COMMENT ON TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpythonu IS 'Transform between hstore and Python dict';
COMMENT ON TRIGGER my_trigger ON my_table IS 'Used for RI';
COMMENT ON TYPE complex IS 'Complex number data type';
COMMENT ON VIEW my_view IS 'View of departmental costs';
</programlisting></para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Compatibility</title>

  <para>
   There is no <command>COMMENT</command> command in the SQL standard.
  </para>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>
