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Date:   Wed, 5 Jul 2000 02:12:35 +0200 (CEST)
From: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
To: PostgreSQL Development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
Subject: [HACKERS] Repair plan for inet and cidr types
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As we know, the inet and cidr types are still broken in several ways,
amongst others input and output functions, operators, ordering. I've
collected the bug reports from the last year or so from the archives.

There's apparently a lack of understanding of what exactly are these types
are supposed to do. Therefore, instead of addressing each bug
individually, let me first state what I reconstructed as the specification
of these types, and then add what is currently wrong with it.

* CIDR

The cidr type stores the identity of an IP _network_. A network
specification is of the form 'x.x.x.x/y'. The documentation states that if
y is omitted then it is constructed from the old A, B, C class scheme. So
be it. In a real world network, the bits (y+1)...32 have to be zero, but
the cidr type does not currently enforce this. This has been the source of
bugs in the past, and no doubt the source of some confusion as well. I
propose that cidr _reject_ input of the form '127.0.0.5/16'. If you think
about it, this is the same as int4 rejecting 3.5 as input.

* INET

The inet type stores the identity of an IP _host_. A host specification is
of the form 'x.x.x.x'. Optionally, the inet type also stores the identity
of the network the host is in. E.g., '127.0.0.5/16' means the host
127.0.0.5 in the network 127.0/16.

* Type equivalency

This has also been a source of problems. I propose that cidr and inet are
not made equivalent types at any level. No automatic casting either. A
network and a host are not the same thing. To construct a cidr value from
an inet value, you'd have to use some sort of (to be created) network()
function, e.g., network('127.0.0.5/16') => '127.0/16'. IMO, there is no
reasonable way to construct an inet value from a cidr value.

* Operators

Because the types are equivalent, the operators have also been bunched
together in confusing ways. I propose that ordering operators (>, +, <)
between inet and cidr be eliminated, they do not make sense. The only
useful operation between cidr and inet is the << ("contains") operator.
Ordering withing cidr and inet be defined in terms of their bit
representation, as is the case now. The << family of operators should also
be removed for the inet type -- a host cannot "contain" another host. What
you probably wanted is `inet1 << network(inet2)'.


Does anyone see this differently? If not, can we agree on this
specification?

-- 
Peter Eisentraut                  Sernanders väg 10:115
peter_e@gmx.net                   75262 Uppsala
http://yi.org/peter-e/            Sweden


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4230@hub.org Tue Jul  4 22:13:37 2000
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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Repair plan for inet and cidr types
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0007050118110.3542-100000@localhost.localdomain>
	"from Peter Eisentraut at Jul 5, 2000 02:12:35 am"
To: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2000 22:13:06 -0400 (EDT)
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Thus spake Peter Eisentraut
> There's apparently a lack of understanding of what exactly are these types
> are supposed to do. Therefore, instead of addressing each bug
> individually, let me first state what I reconstructed as the specification
> of these types, and then add what is currently wrong with it.

I have been browsing through the old messages on the topic.  There was, in
fact some very good work defining the type before anyone actually started
to code.  There was a surprising amount of controversy over the actual
definitions but I think in the end we hammered it out at least to the
point that everyone could work with it.

> * CIDR
> 
> The cidr type stores the identity of an IP _network_. A network
> specification is of the form 'x.x.x.x/y'. The documentation states that if
> y is omitted then it is constructed from the old A, B, C class scheme. So
> be it. In a real world network, the bits (y+1)...32 have to be zero, but
> the cidr type does not currently enforce this. This has been the source of
> bugs in the past, and no doubt the source of some confusion as well. I
> propose that cidr _reject_ input of the form '127.0.0.5/16'. If you think
> about it, this is the same as int4 rejecting 3.5 as input.

There is also the option of accepting it but masking out the host bits
before storing it.  That gives us automatic conversion if we store an
inet into a cidr if our intent is to store the network part.

What sort of bugs do you think it caused btw?

> * INET
> 
> The inet type stores the identity of an IP _host_. A host specification is
> of the form 'x.x.x.x'. Optionally, the inet type also stores the identity
> of the network the host is in. E.g., '127.0.0.5/16' means the host
> 127.0.0.5 in the network 127.0/16.

That sounds right.  We also allowed for hosts to be stored implicitely by
simply making the netmask /32.

> * Type equivalency
> 
> This has also been a source of problems. I propose that cidr and inet are
> not made equivalent types at any level. No automatic casting either. A
> network and a host are not the same thing. To construct a cidr value from
> an inet value, you'd have to use some sort of (to be created) network()
> function, e.g., network('127.0.0.5/16') => '127.0/16'. IMO, there is no
> reasonable way to construct an inet value from a cidr value.

I'm not sure I understand why this is necessary.  I can see not allowing
cidr ==> inet conversions but inet ==> cidr can be done as it is a matter
of dropping information - the host part.


> * Operators
> 
> Because the types are equivalent, the operators have also been bunched
> together in confusing ways. I propose that ordering operators (>, +, <)
> between inet and cidr be eliminated, they do not make sense. The only
> useful operation between cidr and inet is the << ("contains") operator.
> Ordering withing cidr and inet be defined in terms of their bit
> representation, as is the case now. The << family of operators should also
> be removed for the inet type -- a host cannot "contain" another host. What
> you probably wanted is `inet1 << network(inet2)'.

Then let's define that as the meaning of "inet1 << inet2" i.e. define
the << operator between inet types as meaning "tell me if inet1 is in
the same network as inet2."  In fact, if we define << as only allowed
between inet and cidr (or cidr and cidr?) then the implied cast will
deal with it if that cast causes the host bits to drop as suggested
above.

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4232@hub.org Tue Jul  4 22:20:30 2000
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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Repair plan for inet and cidr types
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0007050118110.3542-100000@localhost.localdomain>
	"from Peter Eisentraut at Jul 5, 2000 02:12:35 am"
To: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2000 22:19:49 -0400 (EDT)
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Thus spake Peter Eisentraut
> network and a host are not the same thing. To construct a cidr value from
> an inet value, you'd have to use some sort of (to be created) network()
> function, e.g., network('127.0.0.5/16') => '127.0/16'. IMO, there is no

Oh, I forgot to mention:

darcy=> select network('127.1.2.3/24'::inet);
network   
----------
127.1.2/24
(1 row)

There is also a host and netmask function and note:

darcy=> select host('127.1.2.3/24'::cidr);
ERROR:  CIDR type has no host part

But I still see no reason why that can't be implicit if we assign the
"'127.1.2.3/24'::inet" value to a cidr.  In other words let "select
('127.1.2.3/24'::inet)::cidr" give the same output.

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4234@hub.org Tue Jul  4 22:31:46 2000
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To: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
cc: PostgreSQL Development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Repair plan for inet and cidr types 
In-reply-to: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0007050118110.3542-100000@localhost.localdomain> 
References: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0007050118110.3542-100000@localhost.localdomain>
Comments: In-reply-to Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
	message dated "Wed, 05 Jul 2000 02:12:35 +0200"
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2000 22:31:25 -0400
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From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net> writes:
> There's apparently a lack of understanding of what exactly are these types
> are supposed to do. Therefore, instead of addressing each bug
> individually, let me first state what I reconstructed as the specification
> of these types, and then add what is currently wrong with it.

This sounds good offhand, but then I never paid a whole lot of attention
to the details originally.  Did you go through the original inet/cidr
design discussions (the threads where Paul Vixie was participating)?

I don't believe Paul is subscribed here anymore, but I'd feel a lot
happier if you can contact him and get him to sign off on the clarified
design.  Maybe this is what he had in mind all along, or maybe not.

			regards, tom lane

PS: You do know who Paul Vixie is, I assume ;-).  I can think of few
better-qualified experts in this domain...

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4312@hub.org Wed Jul  5 10:48:17 2000
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From: Jakub Bartosz Bielecki <J.B.Bielecki@elka.pw.edu.pl>
To: Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>
cc: Jakub Bartosz Bielecki <J.B.Bielecki@elka.pw.edu.pl>,
        pgsql-hackers@PostgreSQL.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Re: postgres - development of inet/cidr
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On Mon, 3 Jul 2000, Sevo Stille wrote:
> 
> This would be proper behaviour for the cidr datatype, which describes a
> network. "select '10.0.0.1/27'::cidr='10.0.0.2/27'::cidr;" has to return
> true, as both define the same network, the mask putting the 1 vs. 2
> outside the comparison scope. 
> 
> On inet, I consider the above broken - going by the documentation,
> having a netmask on a inet datatype does not define a network address
> but rather supplies additional information on the cidr network the host
> as specified by the address is in. Accordingly, it should only truncate
> if the comparison casts to cidr. 

OK. After some inspection in list's archives I found the following
statement (http://www.postgresql.org/mhonarc/pgsql-hackers/1998-07):
> It does not work that way.  /24 is
> not a shorthand for specifying a netmask -- in CIDR, it's a "prefix
> length".
> That means "192.7.34.21/24" is either (a) a syntax error or
> (b) equivilent to "192.7.34/24".

Everybody seemed to agree with the above opinion at that time.

This is obviously _not_ the way that CIDR is handled at this moment.
"select '1.2.3.4/24'" returns "1.2.3/24" only because the _output_ routine
silently cuts host bits. Input routine stores it exactly as '1.2.3.4/24'.

Since IMHO it's wrong I prepared a patch (I'm sending it to pgsql-patch).
It fixes the CIDR input routine to zero host bits (ie beyond-prefix bits).
Please note that I didn't change the INET input routine.

Eventually I had to change a bit comparison functions.
To this moment they worked in a CIDR way (didn't compare host bits at all)
although they were used by both INET and CIDR.
Since CIDR is zero-padded now, whole 32 bits are compared by > = <
operators.
Subnet operators <<, >> are still the same, don't compare host bits.

> The big question is whether comparisons that only work on a cidr data
> type (contains/contained) or have a cidr type on one side can safely
> cast the inet type to cidr implicitly. For: 
> "select '10.0.0.1/27'::inet = '10.0.0.2/27'::inet;"  FALSE
> "select '10.0.0.1/27'::cidr = '10.0.0.2/27'::cidr;"  TRUE
> "select '10.0.0.1/27'::cidr = '10.0.0.2/27'::inet;"  FALSE
> "select '10.0.0.1/27'::cidr >> '10.0.0.2/27'::inet;" TRUE
OK.
> "select '10.0.0.1/27'::cidr << '10.0.0.2/27'::inet;" ERROR

Currently it's not an error... There is no way (and no reason) to
distinguish between INET and CIDR. Above example is exactly
equivalent to:
	select '10.0.0.0/27'::inet << '10.0.0.2/27'::inet; -- FALSE
but:
	select '10.0.0.0/27'::inet <<= '10.0.0.2/27'::inet; -- TRUE

> But we need to reach an agreement on the proper
> behaviour on greater/smaller comparisons. Should:
> 
> "select '10.0.0.1/27'::inet > '10.0.0.2/27'::cidr;"  
> 
> be true or false? Casting to cidr prior to comparison would make it
> equivalent to "select '10.0.0.0/27'::cidr > '10.0.0.0/27'::cidr;", which
> is false, both networks being equal. 

It should be (and is!) true... Since second argument is
really '10.0.0.0/27'.


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From: Jakub Bartosz Bielecki <J.B.Bielecki@elka.pw.edu.pl>
To: pgsql-patches@postgresql.org
Subject: [PATCHES] Re: [HACKERS] Re: postgres - development of inet/cidr
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1. Fixed obvious bug with strcpy() called on text type in network.c
2. Fixed CIDR input routine to cut 'host' bits in inet_net_pton.c
3. Changed network_{lt,gt,eq} to compare all bits of INET/CIDR in network.c

Jakub

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Reply-To: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
To: "D'Arcy J.M. Cain" <darcy@druid.net>
cc: PostgreSQL Development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Repair plan for inet and cidr types
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On Tue, 4 Jul 2000, D'Arcy J.M. Cain wrote:

> I'm not sure I understand why this is necessary.  I can see not allowing
> cidr ==> inet conversions but inet ==> cidr can be done as it is a matter
> of dropping information - the host part.

Automatic casts should not lose information. How would you feel if floats
were automatically rounded when you store them into int fields? I think
this is an important principle in any type system.

> Then let's define that as the meaning of "inet1 << inet2" i.e. define
> the << operator between inet types as meaning "tell me if inet1 is in
> the same network as inet2."

Again, let the user say what he wants: inet1 << network(inet2).

Also note that "is inet1 in the same network as inet2" is different from
"is inet1 contained in the network of inet2" (which is what it does now).
The operator you defined is symmetric (if inet1 is in the same network as
inet2, then inet2 is also in the same network as inet1), whereas the << is
antisymmetric. In fact, AFAICT, the operator you defined doesn't exist
yet, although it perhaps should.


-- 
Peter Eisentraut                  Sernanders vaeg 10:115
peter_e@gmx.net                   75262 Uppsala
http://yi.org/peter-e/            Sweden


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4293@hub.org Wed Jul  5 09:50:15 2000
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Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2000 15:48:09 +0200
From: Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>
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To: Jakub Bartosz Bielecki <J.B.Bielecki@elka.pw.edu.pl>
CC: pgsql-hackers@PostgreSQL.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Re: postgres - development of inet/cidr
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Jakub Bartosz Bielecki wrote:

> > "select '10.0.0.1/27'::cidr << '10.0.0.2/27'::inet;" ERROR
> 
> Currently it's not an error... There is no way (and no reason) to
> distinguish between INET and CIDR. 

Yes, there is. CIDR is defined as the network 10.0.0.1 & /27, while INET
is defined as host 10.0.0.1 within network 10.0.0.1 & /27. You can do
almost every  network and host calculation both in CIDR and INET, but
you need implicit knowledge for it. Two columns are necessary to define
a host and its network in CIDR, and a network cannot be specified
without a host using INET - except for ugly in-band hacks like using
10.0.0.0/27 for the network which would prevent you from specifying a
base address.

> Above example is exactly
> equivalent to:
>         select '10.0.0.0/27'::inet << '10.0.0.2/27'::inet; -- FALSE

Nope. If the right hand side is automatically propagated to a network,
it is true. If not, the above IMHO should better raise an error, as a
host can never contain a host. 

> but:
>         select '10.0.0.0/27'::inet <<= '10.0.0.2/27'::inet; -- TRUE

Well, you might argue that a host could contain-or-equal a host, but as
only the equals part could ever be true, that is a redundant operator
without any meaning beyond equals, and accordingly it should not be
valid for that case.
 
> > But we need to reach an agreement on the proper
> > behaviour on greater/smaller comparisons. Should:
> >
> > "select '10.0.0.1/27'::inet > '10.0.0.2/27'::cidr;"
> >
> > be true or false? Casting to cidr prior to comparison would make it
> > equivalent to "select '10.0.0.0/27'::cidr > '10.0.0.0/27'::cidr;", which
> > is false, both networks being equal.
> 
> It should be (and is!) true... Since second argument is
> really '10.0.0.0/27'.

Yes, but that does not make it any truer. CIDR 10.0.0.0/27 is
definitively not 10.0.0.0 but [10.0.0.0 .. 10.0.0.31]. A CIDR address is
never synonymous to a plain host address. You'll see the problem if you
try to calculate the inverse - any zeroed CIDR address in the entire
range from 10.0/8 to 10.0.0.0/32 would mask to 10.0.0.0. Accordingly,
there is no simple answer to a "host bigger/smaller than network"
question. For many applications, it may be useful to define that to mean
that the host is smaller than the network bottom address respectively
bigger than the top address, but any of the other possible views would
be perfectly legal as well.
 
Sevo

-- 
sevo@ip23.net

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4354@hub.org Wed Jul  5 16:49:21 2000
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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Repair plan for inet and cidr types
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0007050842080.10677-100000@eos05.csis.gvsu.edu>
	"from eisentrp@csis.gvsu.edu at Jul 5, 2000 09:02:17 am"
To: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2000 16:46:48 -0400 (EDT)
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Thus spake eisentrp@csis.gvsu.edu
> On Tue, 4 Jul 2000, D'Arcy J.M. Cain wrote:
> > I'm not sure I understand why this is necessary.  I can see not allowing
> > cidr ==> inet conversions but inet ==> cidr can be done as it is a matter
> > of dropping information - the host part.
> 
> Automatic casts should not lose information. How would you feel if floats
> were automatically rounded when you store them into int fields? I think
> this is an important principle in any type system.

If it was defined well I would have no problem with it.

> > Then let's define that as the meaning of "inet1 << inet2" i.e. define
> > the << operator between inet types as meaning "tell me if inet1 is in
> > the same network as inet2."
> 
> Again, let the user say what he wants: inet1 << network(inet2).

I think that's what I meant.  I'm just saying that inet::cidr should be
the same as network(inet).  Allowing that cast makes a lot of operations
work intuitively.

> Also note that "is inet1 in the same network as inet2" is different from
> "is inet1 contained in the network of inet2" (which is what it does now).

Hmm.  It is a subtle difference and I did miss it.

> The operator you defined is symmetric (if inet1 is in the same network as
> inet2, then inet2 is also in the same network as inet1), whereas the << is
> antisymmetric. In fact, AFAICT, the operator you defined doesn't exist
> yet, although it perhaps should.

I guess what I was really getting at was this.

   host OP cidr

where inet would cast to host on one side and cidr on the other.  What
we have now is 

   cidr OP cidr

with both sides casting to cidr.  Of course there is no such thing as a host
type so I don't know how we would cast such a thing.

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4421@hub.org Thu Jul  6 08:54:47 2000
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From: Jakub Bartosz Bielecki <J.B.Bielecki@elka.pw.edu.pl>
To: Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>
cc: Jakub Bartosz Bielecki <J.B.Bielecki@elka.pw.edu.pl>,
        pgsql-hackers@PostgreSQL.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Re: postgres - development of inet/cidr
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On Wed, 5 Jul 2000, Sevo Stille wrote:
> 
> > > "select '10.0.0.1/27'::cidr << '10.0.0.2/27'::inet;" ERROR
> > 
> > Currently it's not an error... There is no way (and no reason) to
> > distinguish between INET and CIDR. 
> 
> Yes, there is. CIDR is defined as the network 10.0.0.1 & /27, while INET
> is defined as host 10.0.0.1 within network 10.0.0.1 & /27. You can do
> almost every  network and host calculation both in CIDR and INET, but
> you need implicit knowledge for it.

I was talking about *current* implementation of INET/CIDR (which IMHO 
is very ill). 
There is INET for users that want simply to store IP's and don't care
about all the technical jargon.
There is CIDR for advanced users who want to store network data.

Currently these 2 types are handled by 1 implementation, moreover despite
INET netmask and CIDR prefix-length are something completely different,
both are stored in the same field of inet structure (yuck).

At the moment it works fine. But that's only a hack.
I guess the purpose was to prevent duplication of code... Blah...

> >         select '10.0.0.0/27'::inet << '10.0.0.2/27'::inet; -- FALSE
> 
> Nope. If the right hand side is automatically propagated to a network,
> it is true. If not, the above IMHO should better raise an error, as a
> host can never contain a host. 
> 
> >         select '10.0.0.0/27'::inet <<= '10.0.0.2/27'::inet; -- TRUE
> 
> Well, you might argue that a host could contain-or-equal a host, but as
> only the equals part could ever be true, that is a redundant operator
> without any meaning beyond equals, and accordingly it should not be
> valid for that case.
>  
> > > "select '10.0.0.1/27'::inet > '10.0.0.2/27'::cidr;"
> > It should be (and is!) true... Since second argument is
> > really '10.0.0.0/27'.
> 
> Yes, but that does not make it any truer. CIDR 10.0.0.0/27 is
> definitively not 10.0.0.0 but [10.0.0.0 .. 10.0.0.31].

Same as above... You are perfectly right.

Everything works until user starts messing with _both_ INET and CIDR
at the same time.

The possible solution is:
- inhibit cidr-to-inet cast (and maybe also inet-to-cidr, because
  it would throw away netmask),
- CIDR operators: > = < << >>
- INET operators: > = <  (and why not & | if it would be useful???)
       functions:	cidr network(inet); 	// '10.0.0.0/27'
			text host(inet); 	// '10.0.0.1'
			int masklen(inet); 	// 27
- write an usable manual.

Comments?
I *might* work on it if I find some spare time. But it's unlikely :(


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M4503@hub.org Fri Jul  7 12:11:37 2000
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From: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
To: "D'Arcy J.M. Cain" <darcy@druid.net>
cc: PostgreSQL Development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Repair plan for inet and cidr types
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D'Arcy J.M. Cain writes:

> > Automatic casts should not lose information. How would you feel if floats
> > were automatically rounded when you store them into int fields? I think
> > this is an important principle in any type system.
> 
> If it was defined well I would have no problem with it.

That is certainly not how type systems operate anywhere.

> I guess what I was really getting at was this.
> 
>    host OP cidr
> 
> where inet would cast to host on one side and cidr on the other.  What
> we have now is 
> 
>    cidr OP cidr
> 
> with both sides casting to cidr.  Of course there is no such thing as a host
> type so I don't know how we would cast such a thing.

I think that while the implicit casting could sometimes be convenient,
it's also a source of confusion. Consider the statement

select '10.0.0.3'::cidr < '10.0.0.2'::inet;	=> f

This cannot possibly make sense on closer inspection. Firstly, it's
semantic nonsense, you cannot order a network and a host. Secondly, it's
also wrong. According to the documentation, the '10.0.0.3'::cidr should be
converted to '10/8' internally. Then one of two things could have happened
here: 1) cidr was implicitly converted to inet and '10.0.0.3' is taken to
be a host, which is completely wrong. Or 2) inet was converted to cidr.
But then we're looking at '10/8' < '10.0.0.2/32', which should be true.

See also

select '10.0.0.2'::cidr = '10.0.0.2'::inet;	=> t

which is wrong for similar reasons.


Then let's look at the << family of operators.

select '10.0.0.2'::cidr >> '10.0.0.2'::inet;	=> f

Again, there are two ways this could currently be resolved:

	'10/8'::cidr >> '10.0.0.2/32'::cidr	which does return true
or
	'10.0.0.2'::inet >> '10.0.0.2'::inet
which doesn't make any sense.

On closer inspection, the inet << cidr case is completely misbehaving:

select '10.0.0.5/8'::inet << '10.0.0.0/16'::cidr;	=> f
select '10.0.0.5/24'::inet << '10.0.0.0/16'::cidr;	=> t

This is not what I'd expect.

Concretely, the cases
	inet << cidr
	cidr << cidr
are not the same:

	'10.0.0.5/8'::inet << '10.0.0.0/16'::cidr
should be true

	'10.0.0.5/8'::cidr << '10.0.0.0/16'::cidr
should be false, if you allow the left-side value in at all, which I
wouldn't.

What this tells me is that the cast from inet to cidr is not well-defined
in the mathematical sense, and therefore no implicit casting should be
allowed.

So the bottom line here is that these two types are, while from a related
domain, different, and the user should be the one that controls when and
how they are mixed together.


-- 
Peter Eisentraut                  Sernanders väg 10:115
peter_e@gmx.net                   75262 Uppsala
http://yi.org/peter-e/            Sweden


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5242@hub.org Sun Jul 23 10:01:45 2000
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From: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Message-Id: <200007231400.e6NE0w219946@lerami.lerctr.org>
Subject: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
To: pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2000 09:00:57 -0500 (CDT)
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I noticed a discussion on this list about a re-do of the INET/CIDR
types.   I was wondering if there was ANY way at all to add
an output function that ALWAYS returns all 4 octets of an INET or CIDR
type with and without the /netmask?

I'm writing a IP Allocation/Tracking app for the ISP I work for, and
find the current output format causes confusion for the less
technical types. 

Larry Rosenman
-- 
Larry Rosenman                      http://www.lerctr.org/~ler
Phone: +1 972-414-9812 (voice) Internet: ler@lerctr.org
US Mail: 1905 Steamboat Springs Drive, Garland, TX 75044-6749

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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <200007231400.e6NE0w219946@lerami.lerctr.org> "from Larry Rosenman
	at Jul 23, 2000 09:00:57 am"
To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 10:33:14 -0400 (EDT)
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Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> I noticed a discussion on this list about a re-do of the INET/CIDR
> types.   I was wondering if there was ANY way at all to add
> an output function that ALWAYS returns all 4 octets of an INET or CIDR
> type with and without the /netmask?
> 
> I'm writing a IP Allocation/Tracking app for the ISP I work for, and
> find the current output format causes confusion for the less
> technical types. 

The host() function does this for the INET type.  It doesn't work for
the CIDR type (it throws an error) because CIDR doesn't have a host
part per se.

darcy=> select '1.2.0.0/23'::inet;
?column?
--------
1.2.0/23
(1 row)

darcy=> select host('1.2.0.0/23'::inet);
   host
-------
1.2.0.0
(1 row)

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5265@hub.org Mon Jul 24 10:43:14 2000
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From: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Message-Id: <200007241441.e6OEf5D12433@lerami.lerctr.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <m13GjIB-000AXgC@druid.net> "from darcy@druid.net at Jul 24, 2000
	10:33:14 am"
To: pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 09:41:05 -0500 (CDT)
CC: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
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The bad news is that I'm tracking CIDR blocks. 

If I could get a network() function to return essentially
host()::inet for CIDR's that would work. 

Larry
> Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> > I noticed a discussion on this list about a re-do of the INET/CIDR
> > types.   I was wondering if there was ANY way at all to add
> > an output function that ALWAYS returns all 4 octets of an INET or CIDR
> > type with and without the /netmask?
> > 
> > I'm writing a IP Allocation/Tracking app for the ISP I work for, and
> > find the current output format causes confusion for the less
> > technical types. 
> 
> The host() function does this for the INET type.  It doesn't work for
> the CIDR type (it throws an error) because CIDR doesn't have a host
> part per se.
> 
> darcy=> select '1.2.0.0/23'::inet;
> ?column?
> --------
> 1.2.0/23
> (1 row)
> 
> darcy=> select host('1.2.0.0/23'::inet);
>    host
> -------
> 1.2.0.0
> (1 row)
> 
> -- 
> D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
> http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
> +1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.


-- 
Larry Rosenman                      http://www.lerctr.org/~ler
Phone: +1 972-414-9812 (voice) Internet: ler@lerctr.org
US Mail: 1905 Steamboat Springs Drive, Garland, TX 75044-6749

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5270@hub.org Mon Jul 24 15:17:30 2000
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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <200007241441.e6OEf5D12433@lerami.lerctr.org> "from Larry Rosenman
	at Jul 24, 2000 09:41:05 am"
To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
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Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> The bad news is that I'm tracking CIDR blocks. 

Then there is no host part.  I would argue that if someone is getting
confused with the current output then perhaps they shouldn't be dealing
with client networks.

> If I could get a network() function to return essentially
> host()::inet for CIDR's that would work. 

There is a network function.  It returns the network.

darcy=> select network('1.2.0.0/23'::cidr);
network 
--------
1.2.0/23
(1 row)

A lot of work went into these types to make them correct.  I don't think
we should be undermining that to allow people to work with incorrect
assumptions.  If you want Micro$oft you know where to find it.

If you really must do this then store your blocks in the INET type.  It
pretty much does what you want but doesn't try to pretend to be a CIDR.


Hmmm.  I just noticed this.

darcy=> select '1.2.0.1/23'::cidr;
?column?
--------
1.2.0/23
(1 row)

Shouldn't that throw an error?

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5271@hub.org Mon Jul 24 15:28:37 2000
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From: "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>
To: <pgsql-hackers@hub.org>, "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 14:26:37 -0500
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The problem is NON-TECHNICAL people will be getting the output,
and they expect 4 octet output. 

I really think that we should have a way to coerce a CIDR to
an INET, and then allow host(). 

Remember that I am dealing with $10/hour clerks. 

I really don't get the hostility to changing the OUTPUT format...

Larry Rosenman

-----Original Message-----
From: D'Arcy J.M. Cain [mailto:darcy@druid.net]
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2000 2:15 PM
To: Larry Rosenman
Cc: pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types


Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> The bad news is that I'm tracking CIDR blocks. 

Then there is no host part.  I would argue that if someone is getting
confused with the current output then perhaps they shouldn't be dealing
with client networks.

> If I could get a network() function to return essentially
> host()::inet for CIDR's that would work. 

There is a network function.  It returns the network.

darcy=> select network('1.2.0.0/23'::cidr);
network 
--------
1.2.0/23
(1 row)

A lot of work went into these types to make them correct.  I don't think
we should be undermining that to allow people to work with incorrect
assumptions.  If you want Micro$oft you know where to find it.

If you really must do this then store your blocks in the INET type.  It
pretty much does what you want but doesn't try to pretend to be a CIDR.


Hmmm.  I just noticed this.

darcy=> select '1.2.0.1/23'::cidr;
?column?
--------
1.2.0/23
(1 row)

Shouldn't that throw an error?

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5272@hub.org Mon Jul 24 15:35:28 2000
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To: "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>, <pgsql-hackers@hub.org>,
        "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>
From: Don Baccus <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <NCBBKBDOOHHEJCJHLLPAMELAHIAA.ler@lerctr.org>
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At 02:26 PM 7/24/00 -0500, Larry Rosenman wrote:
>The problem is NON-TECHNICAL people will be getting the output,
>and they expect 4 octet output. 
>
>I really think that we should have a way to coerce a CIDR to
>an INET, and then allow host(). 
>
>Remember that I am dealing with $10/hour clerks. 
>
>I really don't get the hostility to changing the OUTPUT format...

Are these $10/hour clerks typing in SQL to psql?  Strange ...

If not, formatting issues like this can easily be broken (or fixed,
according to your POV) by your application client.



- Don Baccus, Portland OR <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
  Nature photos, on-line guides, Pacific Northwest
  Rare Bird Alert Service and other goodies at
  http://donb.photo.net.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5273@hub.org Mon Jul 24 15:38:46 2000
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From: "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>
To: "Don Baccus" <dhogaza@pacifier.com>, "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>,
        <pgsql-hackers@hub.org>, "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 14:36:44 -0500
Message-ID: <NCBBKBDOOHHEJCJHLLPACELCHIAA.ler@lerctr.org>
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I was hoping to have some niceties out of the SQL retrieve to print directly
in PHP, and not have to massage it. 

Why is there such animosity to printing out all 4 octets in some function
somewhere for a CIDR block?

Larry 

-----Original Message-----
From: Don Baccus [mailto:dhogaza@pacifier.com]
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2000 2:30 PM
To: Larry Rosenman; pgsql-hackers@hub.org; Larry Rosenman
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types


At 02:26 PM 7/24/00 -0500, Larry Rosenman wrote:
>The problem is NON-TECHNICAL people will be getting the output,
>and they expect 4 octet output. 
>
>I really think that we should have a way to coerce a CIDR to
>an INET, and then allow host(). 
>
>Remember that I am dealing with $10/hour clerks. 
>
>I really don't get the hostility to changing the OUTPUT format...

Are these $10/hour clerks typing in SQL to psql?  Strange ...

If not, formatting issues like this can easily be broken (or fixed,
according to your POV) by your application client.



- Don Baccus, Portland OR <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
  Nature photos, on-line guides, Pacific Northwest
  Rare Bird Alert Service and other goodies at
  http://donb.photo.net.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5274@hub.org Mon Jul 24 16:19:47 2000
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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <NCBBKBDOOHHEJCJHLLPACELCHIAA.ler@lerctr.org> "from Larry Rosenman
	at Jul 24, 2000 02:36:44 pm"
To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 16:17:36 -0400 (EDT)
CC: Don Baccus <dhogaza@pacifier.com>, pgsql-hackers@hub.org
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Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> I was hoping to have some niceties out of the SQL retrieve to print directly
> in PHP, and not have to massage it. 
> 
> Why is there such animosity to printing out all 4 octets in some function
> somewhere for a CIDR block?

You keep saying "hostility" as if we are ganging up against you.  Believe
me, I have no animosity towards you and I am sure no one else has either.
We are resisting the change you want simply because it would violate the
RFC which we agreed to follow when we created the types.

If you think this is hostile, you will probably think that the original
discussions in the archives are nuclear war :-).  If you would like to
look it over make sure to set aside a lot of time.  We spent a long time
hashing this out.

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

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Cc: "Don Baccus" <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
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What RFC says you can't print all 4 octets of a CIDR Netnumber?

Why does network(cidr) return the whole cidr output just like
select cidr?

I'm just trying to figure out the logic here.

Here is what my Cisco Router that speaks BGP says:
big-bro#term ip netmask-format bit-count
big-bro#sh ip bg 206.66.0.0/20
BGP routing table entry for 206.66.0.0/20, version 150832
Paths: (5 available, best #4)
  Advertised to non peer-group peers:
    157.130.140.109 166.63.135.33 206.66.12.3 206.66.12.4 206.66.12.7
206.66.12.
8
  Local, (aggregated by 4278 206.66.12.3), (received & used)
    206.66.12.3 from 206.66.12.3 (206.66.12.3)
      Origin IGP, localpref 0, valid, internal, atomic-aggregate
  Local, (aggregated by 4278 206.66.12.7), (received & used)
    206.66.12.7 from 206.66.12.7 (206.66.12.7)
      Origin IGP, localpref 0, valid, internal, atomic-aggregate
  Local, (aggregated by 4278 206.66.12.8), (received & used)
    206.66.12.8 from 206.66.12.8 (206.66.12.8)
      Origin IGP, localpref 0, valid, internal, atomic-aggregate
  Local, (aggregated by 4278 206.66.12.1)
    0.0.0.0 from 0.0.0.0 (206.66.12.1)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, aggregated, local,
atomic-
aggregate, best
  Local, (received & used)
    206.66.12.4 from 206.66.12.4 (206.66.12.4)
      Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal
big-bro#

I am just asking for the same type output.

Why is this so hard?

The info is in the type, and the print routine wouldn't be so hard.

I can probably write the function in less than 1 hour, but getting it
integrated is
my stumbling block.



-----Original Message-----
From: D'Arcy J.M. Cain [mailto:darcy@druid.net]
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2000 3:18 PM
To: Larry Rosenman
Cc: Don Baccus; pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types


Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> I was hoping to have some niceties out of the SQL retrieve to print
directly
> in PHP, and not have to massage it.
>
> Why is there such animosity to printing out all 4 octets in some function
> somewhere for a CIDR block?

You keep saying "hostility" as if we are ganging up against you.  Believe
me, I have no animosity towards you and I am sure no one else has either.
We are resisting the change you want simply because it would violate the
RFC which we agreed to follow when we created the types.

If you think this is hostile, you will probably think that the original
discussions in the archives are nuclear war :-).  If you would like to
look it over make sure to set aside a lot of time.  We spent a long time
hashing this out.

--
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5276@hub.org Mon Jul 24 16:54:14 2000
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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <NCBBKBDOOHHEJCJHLLPAAELHHIAA.ler@lerctr.org> "from Larry Rosenman
	at Jul 24, 2000 03:27:24 pm"
To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 16:53:24 -0400 (EDT)
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Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> What RFC says you can't print all 4 octets of a CIDR Netnumber?

Can't recall.  It was Paul Vixie who made the claim and since he was
probably the one who wrote it I tend to believe him.

In fact it may be that it suggested rather than required but someone
would have to dig out the RFC before we considered changing it I think.

> Why does network(cidr) return the whole cidr output just like
> select cidr?

Yah, it's redundant.  "network(cidr)" is just a long way to say "cidr."
The only reason it is there is because of the way the code was written
for the two types.  Not having it would have required a special test to
look for it and technically it is correct so we didn't bother.

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5277@hub.org Mon Jul 24 17:12:12 2000
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From: "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>
To: <pgsql-hackers@hub.org>, "Larry Rosenman" <ler@lerctr.org>
Cc: "Don Baccus" <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 16:11:34 -0500
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Can we dig up the RFC?

Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: pgsql-hackers-owner@hub.org [mailto:pgsql-hackers-owner@hub.org]On
Behalf Of D'Arcy J.M. Cain
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2000 3:53 PM
To: Larry Rosenman
Cc: pgsql-hackers@hub.org; Don Baccus
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types


Thus spake Larry Rosenman
> What RFC says you can't print all 4 octets of a CIDR Netnumber?

Can't recall.  It was Paul Vixie who made the claim and since he was
probably the one who wrote it I tend to believe him.

In fact it may be that it suggested rather than required but someone
would have to dig out the RFC before we considered changing it I think.

> Why does network(cidr) return the whole cidr output just like
> select cidr?

Yah, it's redundant.  "network(cidr)" is just a long way to say "cidr."
The only reason it is there is because of the way the code was written
for the two types.  Not having it would have required a special test to
look for it and technically it is correct so we didn't bother.

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5278@hub.org Mon Jul 24 18:31:03 2000
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Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2000 00:29:42 +0200
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Larry Rosenman wrote:
> 
> The problem is NON-TECHNICAL people will be getting the output,
> and they expect 4 octet output.

Well, but what are they going to do if they see, say, that 196.100.0.0
is already allocated? Any CIDR net starting off on the .0 will have
exactly the same 4 octet notation. That is, the above entry would only
tell that there is some indeterminable number of addresses starting off
196.100.0.0 allocated, which could be anything between a measly /31 and
a whopping big /16. To repeat: CIDR having no implicit netmask encoded
in the class, there is no way of figuring out your allocation if you
lose the explicit mask. Which presumably will cause considerable
problems in a network allocation and tracking application!
 
> I really think that we should have a way to coerce a CIDR to
> an INET, and then allow host().

There is no unique mapping of a CIDR network to a INET host address,
except for the special case of /32. 
 
> Remember that I am dealing with $10/hour clerks.

Then given them a interface which makes the concept of CIDR obvious to
them. Faking a classed notation is no way to go! IP v.4 being what it
is, and registries being on the move to enforce CIDR more and more, they
will inevitably encounter CIDR sooner or later, probably in a business
critical way.  
 
> I really don't get the hostility to changing the OUTPUT format...

Anything broken that is added will sooner or later be used by somebody.
Which means that it can't be fixed without breaking some applications.
That alone should be a good enough reason not to introduce any broken
notions intentionally.

Sevo

-- 
Sevo Stille
sevo@ip23.net

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5279@hub.org Mon Jul 24 18:31:24 2000
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From: Vince Vielhaber <vev@michvhf.com>
To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
cc: pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <NCBBKBDOOHHEJCJHLLPAIELMHIAA.ler@lerctr.org>
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On Mon, 24 Jul 2000, Larry Rosenman wrote:

> Can we dig up the RFC?

Feel free.  You can start your research with RFC1467 and look back at
what it touches on, then on to 1517, 1518 and 1519 then to 1817 and 
then to 2317.  If, after reading these, you don't understand why and/or
why not you can check with Paul himself at www.vix.com, 'cuze if you
don't understand then he's your only hope.

Vince.
-- 
==========================================================================
Vince Vielhaber -- KA8CSH    email: vev@michvhf.com    http://www.pop4.net
 128K ISDN from $22.00/mo - 56K Dialup from $16.00/mo at Pop4 Networking
        Online Campground Directory    http://www.camping-usa.com
       Online Giftshop Superstore    http://www.cloudninegifts.com
==========================================================================




From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5280@hub.org Mon Jul 24 18:53:56 2000
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To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
CC: pgsql-hackers@hub.org, Don Baccus <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
References: <NCBBKBDOOHHEJCJHLLPAAELHHIAA.ler@lerctr.org>
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Larry Rosenman wrote:
> 
> What RFC says you can't print all 4 octets of a CIDR Netnumber?

Implicitly in 1518, for example:
---------8<----------------------8<----------------------8<------------
For the purposes of this paper, an IP prefix is an IP address and
   some indication of the leftmost contiguous significant bits within
   this address. 
---------8<----------------------8<----------------------8<------------

As I already explained, the use of variable-length masks implies that
they have to be explicitly stated. This was not neccessary in classed
networks, as the MSB's encoded the class (mask).

> Why does network(cidr) return the whole cidr output just like
> select cidr?

Because a cast to network is a cast to CIDR - casting to the same type
obviously won't change a thing. 
 
> I'm just trying to figure out the logic here.

As a matter of fact, it is the side effect of the current
implementations shortcomings - we have common code for INET and CIDR,
otherwise, network would not have to be a valid operator for CIDR.
 
> Here is what my Cisco Router that speaks BGP says:
> big-bro#term ip netmask-format bit-count
> big-bro#sh ip bg 206.66.0.0/20
> BGP routing table entry for 206.66.0.0/20, version 150832
> Paths: (5 available, best #4)
>   Advertised to non peer-group peers:
>     157.130.140.109 166.63.135.33 206.66.12.3 206.66.12.4 206.66.12.7
> 206.66.12.
> ...
> I am just asking for the same type output.

Huh? The only *network* I see in there IS in /bits notation.
 
Sevo

-- 
Sevo Stille
sevo@ip23.net

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5282@hub.org Mon Jul 24 19:05:38 2000
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Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 16:00:16 -0700
To: Vince Vielhaber <vev@michvhf.com>, Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
From: Don Baccus <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
Subject: RE: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
Cc: pgsql-hackers@hub.org
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At 06:30 PM 7/24/00 -0400, Vince Vielhaber wrote:
>On Mon, 24 Jul 2000, Larry Rosenman wrote:
>
>> Can we dig up the RFC?
>
>Feel free.  You can start your research with RFC1467 and look back at
>what it touches on, then on to 1517, 1518 and 1519 then to 1817 and 
>then to 2317.  If, after reading these, you don't understand why and/or
>why not you can check with Paul himself at www.vix.com, 'cuze if you
>don't understand then he's your only hope.

I bet just hacking your PHP script to format it in the way you want
would involve a heck of a lot less effort ...



- Don Baccus, Portland OR <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
  Nature photos, on-line guides, Pacific Northwest
  Rare Bird Alert Service and other goodies at
  http://donb.photo.net.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5281@hub.org Mon Jul 24 19:01:25 2000
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From: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <397CC8AE.FC342360@ip23.net> "from Sevo Stille at Jul 25, 2000 00:52:30
	am"
To: sevo@ip23.net
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 18:00:46 -0500 (CDT)
CC: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>, pgsql-hackers@hub.org,
        Don Baccus <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
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> Larry Rosenman wrote:
> > 
> > What RFC says you can't print all 4 octets of a CIDR Netnumber?
> 
> Implicitly in 1518, for example:
> ---------8<----------------------8<----------------------8<------------
> For the purposes of this paper, an IP prefix is an IP address and
>    some indication of the leftmost contiguous significant bits within
>    this address. 
> ---------8<----------------------8<----------------------8<------------
This doesn't prohibit listing all 4 octets, which is my argument...
> 
> As I already explained, the use of variable-length masks implies that
> they have to be explicitly stated. This was not neccessary in classed
> networks, as the MSB's encoded the class (mask).
I know this...
> 
> > Why does network(cidr) return the whole cidr output just like
> > select cidr?
> 
> Because a cast to network is a cast to CIDR - casting to the same type
> obviously won't change a thing. 
>  
> > I'm just trying to figure out the logic here.
> 
> As a matter of fact, it is the side effect of the current
> implementations shortcomings - we have common code for INET and CIDR,
> otherwise, network would not have to be a valid operator for CIDR.

I just want something equivalent to host(inet) that
prints all 4 octets of a CIDR type with no mask. 

Is that hard?
>  
> > Here is what my Cisco Router that speaks BGP says:
> > big-bro#term ip netmask-format bit-count
> > big-bro#sh ip bg 206.66.0.0/20
> > BGP routing table entry for 206.66.0.0/20, version 150832
> > Paths: (5 available, best #4)
> >   Advertised to non peer-group peers:
> >     157.130.140.109 166.63.135.33 206.66.12.3 206.66.12.4 206.66.12.7
> > 206.66.12.
> > ...
> > I am just asking for the same type output.
> 
> Huh? The only *network* I see in there IS in /bits notation.
Yes, but with all 4 octets, which is all I'm looking for....


>  
> Sevo
> 
> -- 
> Sevo Stille
> sevo@ip23.net


-- 
Larry Rosenman                      http://www.lerctr.org/~ler
Phone: +1 972-414-9812 (voice) Internet: ler@lerctr.org
US Mail: 1905 Steamboat Springs Drive, Garland, TX 75044-6749

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5285@hub.org Mon Jul 24 22:17:47 2000
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Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 22:13:57 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex Pilosov <alex@pilosoft.com>
To: Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>
cc: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>, pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <397CC356.7C78A018@ip23.net>
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This whole discussion is quite silly guys.

It is quite reasonable to have ability to split CIDR net into two pieces:
the network and the bitshift. Second one is already possible, the first
one can be accomplished by having functions to convert a cidr/inet to int8
(not int4 because of sign thing), and back.

Its also very easy to implement ;)

This will actually come very useful for many applications. Something I'm
working on now (allocation of 'most appropriate' block) requires ability
to split a netblock into two, which could be most easily accomplished
using int8 math. (net::int8+2^(netmask(net)-1)).

Now, patch anyone? :)
-alex
On Tue, 25 Jul 2000, Sevo Stille wrote:

> Larry Rosenman wrote:
> > 
> > The problem is NON-TECHNICAL people will be getting the output,
> > and they expect 4 octet output.
> 
> Well, but what are they going to do if they see, say, that 196.100.0.0
> is already allocated? Any CIDR net starting off on the .0 will have
> exactly the same 4 octet notation. That is, the above entry would only
> tell that there is some indeterminable number of addresses starting off
> 196.100.0.0 allocated, which could be anything between a measly /31 and
> a whopping big /16. To repeat: CIDR having no implicit netmask encoded
> in the class, there is no way of figuring out your allocation if you
> lose the explicit mask. Which presumably will cause considerable
> problems in a network allocation and tracking application!
>  
> > I really think that we should have a way to coerce a CIDR to
> > an INET, and then allow host().
> 
> There is no unique mapping of a CIDR network to a INET host address,
> except for the special case of /32. 
>  
> > Remember that I am dealing with $10/hour clerks.
> 
> Then given them a interface which makes the concept of CIDR obvious to
> them. Faking a classed notation is no way to go! IP v.4 being what it
> is, and registries being on the move to enforce CIDR more and more, they
> will inevitably encounter CIDR sooner or later, probably in a business
> critical way.  
>  
> > I really don't get the hostility to changing the OUTPUT format...
> 
> Anything broken that is added will sooner or later be used by somebody.
> Which means that it can't be fixed without breaking some applications.
> That alone should be a good enough reason not to introduce any broken
> notions intentionally.
> 
> Sevo
> 
> 


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5287@hub.org Mon Jul 24 22:48:05 2000
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From: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Message-Id: <200007250240.e6P2eVl12604@lerami.lerctr.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <Pine.BSO.4.10.10007242208480.4362-100000@spider.pilosoft.com>
	"from Alex Pilosov at Jul 24, 2000 10:13:57 pm"
To: Alex Pilosov <alex@pilosoft.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 21:40:31 -0500 (CDT)
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        pgsql-hackers@hub.org
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> This whole discussion is quite silly guys.
> 
> It is quite reasonable to have ability to split CIDR net into two pieces:
> the network and the bitshift. Second one is already possible, the first
> one can be accomplished by having functions to convert a cidr/inet to int8
> (not int4 because of sign thing), and back.
> 
> Its also very easy to implement ;)
> 
> This will actually come very useful for many applications. Something I'm
> working on now (allocation of 'most appropriate' block) requires ability
> to split a netblock into two, which could be most easily accomplished
> using int8 math. (net::int8+2^(netmask(net)-1)).
All I'm looking for is to be able to print all 4 octets of an IP address
out so that joe user can take the 4 numbers and type it into the 
4 boxes on a Windows 98 box, and use them. 

Is that really that abhorrent?

They also need the 4 octet netmask which I can get now. 

All we are missing is a way to print ALL 4 NUMBERS ALL THE TIME
for the output.  It's not asking for classful, and for sure
we use CIDR all over the place, but for the final output that my
users see, why can't I have the database just print all 4 octets?

Why is this discussion so hard?

Larry
> 
> Now, patch anyone? :)
> -alex
> On Tue, 25 Jul 2000, Sevo Stille wrote:
> 
> > Larry Rosenman wrote:
> > > 
> > > The problem is NON-TECHNICAL people will be getting the output,
> > > and they expect 4 octet output.
> > 
> > Well, but what are they going to do if they see, say, that 196.100.0.0
> > is already allocated? Any CIDR net starting off on the .0 will have
> > exactly the same 4 octet notation. That is, the above entry would only
> > tell that there is some indeterminable number of addresses starting off
> > 196.100.0.0 allocated, which could be anything between a measly /31 and
> > a whopping big /16. To repeat: CIDR having no implicit netmask encoded
> > in the class, there is no way of figuring out your allocation if you
> > lose the explicit mask. Which presumably will cause considerable
> > problems in a network allocation and tracking application!
> >  
> > > I really think that we should have a way to coerce a CIDR to
> > > an INET, and then allow host().
> > 
> > There is no unique mapping of a CIDR network to a INET host address,
> > except for the special case of /32. 
> >  
> > > Remember that I am dealing with $10/hour clerks.
> > 
> > Then given them a interface which makes the concept of CIDR obvious to
> > them. Faking a classed notation is no way to go! IP v.4 being what it
> > is, and registries being on the move to enforce CIDR more and more, they
> > will inevitably encounter CIDR sooner or later, probably in a business
> > critical way.  
> >  
> > > I really don't get the hostility to changing the OUTPUT format...
> > 
> > Anything broken that is added will sooner or later be used by somebody.
> > Which means that it can't be fixed without breaking some applications.
> > That alone should be a good enough reason not to introduce any broken
> > notions intentionally.
> > 
> > Sevo
> > 
> > 
> 


-- 
Larry Rosenman                      http://www.lerctr.org/~ler
Phone: +1 972-414-9812 (voice) Internet: ler@lerctr.org
US Mail: 1905 Steamboat Springs Drive, Garland, TX 75044-6749

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5288@hub.org Mon Jul 24 22:51:31 2000
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Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 22:53:20 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex Pilosov <alex@pilosoft.com>
To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
cc: Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>, pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <200007250240.e6P2eVl12604@lerami.lerctr.org>
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On Mon, 24 Jul 2000, Larry Rosenman wrote:

> > This whole discussion is quite silly guys.
> > 
> > It is quite reasonable to have ability to split CIDR net into two pieces:
> > the network and the bitshift. Second one is already possible, the first
> > one can be accomplished by having functions to convert a cidr/inet to int8
> > (not int4 because of sign thing), and back.
> > 
> > Its also very easy to implement ;)
> > 
> > This will actually come very useful for many applications. Something I'm
> > working on now (allocation of 'most appropriate' block) requires ability
> > to split a netblock into two, which could be most easily accomplished
> > using int8 math. (net::int8+2^(netmask(net)-1)).
> All I'm looking for is to be able to print all 4 octets of an IP address
> out so that joe user can take the 4 numbers and type it into the 
> 4 boxes on a Windows 98 box, and use them. 
> 
> Is that really that abhorrent?
> 
> They also need the 4 octet netmask which I can get now. 
> 
> All we are missing is a way to print ALL 4 NUMBERS ALL THE TIME
> for the output.  It's not asking for classful, and for sure
> we use CIDR all over the place, but for the final output that my
> users see, why can't I have the database just print all 4 octets?

Larry, 
With my suggestion, you can do it as follows:

net::int8::inet

(net being of cidr type)
-alex


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5290@hub.org Mon Jul 24 23:10:44 2000
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From: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Message-Id: <200007250310.e6P3A1v13825@lerami.lerctr.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <Pine.BSO.4.10.10007242252290.4362-100000@spider.pilosoft.com>
	"from Alex Pilosov at Jul 24, 2000 10:53:20 pm"
To: Alex Pilosov <alex@pilosoft.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 22:10:01 -0500 (CDT)
CC: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>, Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>,
        pgsql-hackers@hub.org
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The bad news is it doesn't work now...


ler=# select host(netblock::int8::inet) from networks;
ERROR:  Cannot cast type 'cidr' to 'int8'
ler=# \d networks
            Table "networks"
	       Attribute   |     Type     | Modifier 
	       ---------------+--------------+----------
	        netblock      | cidr         | 
		 router        | integer      | 
		  interface     | varchar(64)  | 
		   dest_ip       | inet         | 
		    net_name      | varchar(64)  | 
		     owner         | integer      | 
		      origin        | varchar(256) | 
		       assigned_date | date         | 
		        assigned_by   | varchar(64)  | 
			 asn           | smallint     | 

			 ler=# 

> On Mon, 24 Jul 2000, Larry Rosenman wrote:
> 
> > > This whole discussion is quite silly guys.
> > > 
> > > It is quite reasonable to have ability to split CIDR net into two pieces:
> > > the network and the bitshift. Second one is already possible, the first
> > > one can be accomplished by having functions to convert a cidr/inet to int8
> > > (not int4 because of sign thing), and back.
> > > 
> > > Its also very easy to implement ;)
> > > 
> > > This will actually come very useful for many applications. Something I'm
> > > working on now (allocation of 'most appropriate' block) requires ability
> > > to split a netblock into two, which could be most easily accomplished
> > > using int8 math. (net::int8+2^(netmask(net)-1)).
> > All I'm looking for is to be able to print all 4 octets of an IP address
> > out so that joe user can take the 4 numbers and type it into the 
> > 4 boxes on a Windows 98 box, and use them. 
> > 
> > Is that really that abhorrent?
> > 
> > They also need the 4 octet netmask which I can get now. 
> > 
> > All we are missing is a way to print ALL 4 NUMBERS ALL THE TIME
> > for the output.  It's not asking for classful, and for sure
> > we use CIDR all over the place, but for the final output that my
> > users see, why can't I have the database just print all 4 octets?
> 
> Larry, 
> With my suggestion, you can do it as follows:
> 
> net::int8::inet
> 
> (net being of cidr type)
> -alex
> 


-- 
Larry Rosenman                      http://www.lerctr.org/~ler
Phone: +1 972-414-9812 (voice) Internet: ler@lerctr.org
US Mail: 1905 Steamboat Springs Drive, Garland, TX 75044-6749

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5291@hub.org Mon Jul 24 23:24:11 2000
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Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 23:25:41 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex Pilosov <alex@pilosoft.com>
To: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
cc: Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>, pgsql-hackers@hub.org
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
In-Reply-To: <200007250310.e6P3A1v13825@lerami.lerctr.org>
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Yes, I know. 
I didn't say it existed, I proposed to create a simple conversion function
that would do that, which is why I asked for a patch.

I'd do it myself but it'll take some time. Should be really simple,
something to the effect of return a.s_addr (where a is struct in_addr),
however, I'm not sure what's POSIXly correct way to do that.



On Mon, 24 Jul 2000, Larry Rosenman wrote:

> The bad news is it doesn't work now...
> 
> 
> ler=# select host(netblock::int8::inet) from networks;
> ERROR:  Cannot cast type 'cidr' to 'int8'
> ler=# \d networks
>             Table "networks"
> 	       Attribute   |     Type     | Modifier 
> 	       ---------------+--------------+----------
> 	        netblock      | cidr         | 
> 		 router        | integer      | 
> 		  interface     | varchar(64)  | 
> 		   dest_ip       | inet         | 
> 		    net_name      | varchar(64)  | 
> 		     owner         | integer      | 
> 		      origin        | varchar(256) | 
> 		       assigned_date | date         | 
> 		        assigned_by   | varchar(64)  | 
> 			 asn           | smallint     | 
> 
> 			 ler=# 
> 
> > On Mon, 24 Jul 2000, Larry Rosenman wrote:
> > 
> > > > This whole discussion is quite silly guys.
> > > > 
> > > > It is quite reasonable to have ability to split CIDR net into two pieces:
> > > > the network and the bitshift. Second one is already possible, the first
> > > > one can be accomplished by having functions to convert a cidr/inet to int8
> > > > (not int4 because of sign thing), and back.
> > > > 
> > > > Its also very easy to implement ;)
> > > > 
> > > > This will actually come very useful for many applications. Something I'm
> > > > working on now (allocation of 'most appropriate' block) requires ability
> > > > to split a netblock into two, which could be most easily accomplished
> > > > using int8 math. (net::int8+2^(netmask(net)-1)).
> > > All I'm looking for is to be able to print all 4 octets of an IP address
> > > out so that joe user can take the 4 numbers and type it into the 
> > > 4 boxes on a Windows 98 box, and use them. 
> > > 
> > > Is that really that abhorrent?
> > > 
> > > They also need the 4 octet netmask which I can get now. 
> > > 
> > > All we are missing is a way to print ALL 4 NUMBERS ALL THE TIME
> > > for the output.  It's not asking for classful, and for sure
> > > we use CIDR all over the place, but for the final output that my
> > > users see, why can't I have the database just print all 4 octets?
> > 
> > Larry, 
> > With my suggestion, you can do it as follows:
> > 
> > net::int8::inet
> > 
> > (net being of cidr type)
> > -alex
> > 
> 
> 
> 


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5292@hub.org Tue Jul 25 01:27:56 2000
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From: Don Baccus <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
Cc: Sevo Stille <sevo@ip23.net>, Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>,
        pgsql-hackers@hub.org
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At 09:40 PM 7/24/00 -0500, Larry Rosenman wrote:

>Why is this discussion so hard?

Because it's an output format you could easily solve yourself.  Could've
solved yourself long ago.

If you care so much, change the sources and run your own custom version.
The beauty of open source, you get to break it in whatever manner you
choose.

Or hack your PHP script.

If you need help hacking your script you can probably get help, here.  I'm
sure people are tired enough of this thread to write it for you, if that's
necessary.

Next I suppose you'll ask that Unix "ls" output switch "/" to
"\" so your $10 clerks can understand the output?



- Don Baccus, Portland OR <dhogaza@pacifier.com>
  Nature photos, on-line guides, Pacific Northwest
  Rare Bird Alert Service and other goodies at
  http://donb.photo.net.

From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5321@hub.org Tue Jul 25 16:45:35 2000
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From: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
To: pgsql-hackers@hub.org
cc: Larry Rosenman <ler@lerctr.org>
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
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D'Arcy J.M. Cain writes:

> Hmmm.  I just noticed this.
> 
> darcy=> select '1.2.0.1/23'::cidr;
> ?column?
> --------
> 1.2.0/23
> (1 row)
> 
> Shouldn't that throw an error?

Isn't that what I've been saying all along?


-- 
Peter Eisentraut                  Sernanders väg 10:115
peter_e@gmx.net                   75262 Uppsala
http://yi.org/peter-e/            Sweden


From pgsql-hackers-owner+M5370@hub.org Thu Jul 27 06:17:36 2000
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From: darcy@druid.net (D'Arcy J.M. Cain)
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] INET/CIDR types
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	"from Peter Eisentraut at Jul 25, 2000 10:41:21 pm"
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Thus spake Peter Eisentraut
> > Hmmm.  I just noticed this.
> > 
> > darcy=> select '1.2.0.1/23'::cidr;
> > ?column?
> > --------
> > 1.2.0/23
> > (1 row)
> > 
> > Shouldn't that throw an error?
> 
> Isn't that what I've been saying all along?

Well, yes but I thought that it was now and that you were arguing to keep
that behaviour.  This seems to be the behaviour that I was suggesting
although you have half convinced me that this should throw an error.

So, it looks like the status quo is for inet::cidr to be a different
spelling for network(inet).  Is this the way we want to keep it?

-- 
D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@{druid|vex}.net>   |  Democracy is three wolves
http://www.druid.net/darcy/                |  and a sheep voting on
+1 416 425 1212     (DoD#0082)    (eNTP)   |  what's for dinner.

