<REFENTRY ID="APP-CREATEUSER">
<REFMETA>
<REFENTRYTITLE>
<application>createuser</application>
</REFENTRYTITLE>
<REFMISCINFO>Application</REFMISCINFO>
</REFMETA>
<REFNAMEDIV>
<REFNAME>
<application>createuser</application>
</REFNAME>
<REFPURPOSE>
Create a new <productname>Postgres</productname> user
</REFPURPOSE>
<REFSYNOPSISDIV>
<REFSYNOPSISDIVINFO>
<DATE>1998-10-02</DATE>
</REFSYNOPSISDIVINFO>
<SYNOPSIS>
createuser [ <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable> ]
createuser [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ] [ -p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable> ]
    [ -i <replaceable class="parameter">userid</replaceable> ]
    [ -d | -D ] [ -u | -U ] [ <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable> ]
</SYNOPSIS>

<REFSECT2 ID="R2-APP-CREATEUSER-1">
<REFSECT2INFO>
<DATE>1998-10-02</DATE>
</REFSECT2INFO>
<TITLE>
Inputs
</TITLE>
<PARA>

<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the hostname of the machine on which the 
<application>postmaster</application>
is running.  Defaults to using a local Unix domain socket
 rather than an IP connection..

<varlistentry>
<term>
-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the Internet TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file 
extension on which the <application>postmaster</application>
is listening for connections.  The port number defaults to 5432,
 or the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar>
environment variable (if set).

<varlistentry>
<term>
-d
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows the user to create databases.

<varlistentry>
<term>
-D
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Forbids the user to create databases.

<varlistentry>
<term>
-i <replaceable class="parameter">userid</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the numeric identifier to be associated with this user.
This identifier must be unique among all <productname>Postgres</productname> users, and is not required
to match the operating system UID.
You will be prompted for an identifier if none is specified on the command line,
and it will suggest an identifier matching the UID.

<varlistentry>
<term>
-u
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows the user to create other users.

<varlistentry>
<term>
-U
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Forbids the user to create other users.

<varlistentry>
<term>
<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the name of the <productname>Postgres</productname> user to be created. 
This name must be unique among all <productname>Postgres</productname> users.
You will be prompted for a name if none is specified on the command line.

</variablelist>

<REFSECT2 ID="R2-APP-CREATEUSER-2">
<REFSECT2INFO>
<DATE>1998-10-02</DATE>
</REFSECT2INFO>
<TITLE>
Outputs
</TITLE>
<PARA>
<application>createuser</application> will add an entry in the
<literal>pg_user</literal> or <literal>pg_shadow</literal> system table.

<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
Connection to database 'template1' failed.
connectDB() failed: Is the postmaster running and accepting connections
 at 'UNIX Socket' on port '<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>'?
createuser: database access failed.
<listitem>
<para>
<application>createuser</application> could not attach to the 
<application>postmaster</application> 
process on the specified host and port.  If you see this message,
ensure that the <application>postmaster</application> 
is running on the proper host and that you have specified the proper
port.  If your site uses an authentication system, ensure that you
have obtained the required authentication credentials.

<varlistentry>
<term>
Connection to database 'template1' failed.
FATAL 1:  SetUserId: user '<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>' is not in 'pg_shadow'
createuser: database access failed.
<listitem>
<para>
You do not have a valid entry in the relation <literal>pg_shadow</literal>
and and will not be allowed to access <productname>Postgres</productname>. Contact your
<productname>Postgres</productname> administrator.

<varlistentry>
<term>
createuser: <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable> cannot create users.
<listitem>
<para>
You do not have permission to create new users; contact your
<productname>Postgres</productname> site administrator.

<varlistentry>
<term>
createuser: user "<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>" already exists
<listitem>
<para>
The user to be added already has an entry in the <literal>pg_shadow</literal>
class.

<varlistentry>
<term>
database access failed
<listitem>
<para>
An internal error occurred in <application>psql</application>
or in the backend server.  Ensure that your site administrator has
properly installed <productname>Postgres</productname>and initialized the site with 
<application>initdb</application>.

</variablelist>

<note>
<para>
<application>createuser</application> internally runs
CREATE USER from <application>psql</application>
while connected to the <literal>template1</literal> database.
</note>

<REFSECT1 ID="R1-APP-CREATEUSER-1">
<REFSECT1INFO>
<DATE>1998-10-02</DATE>
</REFSECT1INFO>
<TITLE>
Description
</TITLE>
<PARA>
<application>createuser</application> creates a 
new <productname>Postgres</productname> user.  
Only users with <literal>usesuper</literal> set in
the <literal>pg_shadow</literal> class can create 
new <productname>Postgres</productname> users.  As shipped,
the user <literal>postgres</literal> can create users.

<para>
<application>createuser</application> is a shell script that invokes
<application>psql</application>.
Hence, a <application>postmaster</application>
process must be running on the database server host before
<application>createuser</application> is executed.
 The 
<envar>PGOPTION</envar>
and
<envar>PGREALM</envar>
environment variables will be passed on to
<application>psql</application>
and processed as described in <xref linkend="app-psql" endterm="app-psql">.

Once invoked, <application>createuser</application>
will ask a series of questions to obtain parameters not specified on
the command line.  The new user's database login name and a numeric 
user identifier must be specified.

<note>
<para>
The <productname>Postgres</productname> user identifier
does not need to be the same as the user's Unix UID. However, typically
they are assigned to be the same.
</note>

<para>
You must also describe the privileges of the new user for security purposes.
Specifically, you will be asked whether the new user should be able to
act as <productname>Postgres</productname> super-user,
whether the new user may create new databases and whether the new user
is allowed to create other new users.

</REFENTRY>
