<!-- doc/src/sgml/acronyms.sgml -->

<appendix id="acronyms">
 <title>Acronyms</title>

 <para>
  This is a list of acronyms commonly used in the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
  documentation and in discussions about <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.

  <variablelist>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ANSI</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute">
      American National Standards Institute</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>API</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API">Application Programming Interface</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ASCII</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascii">American Standard
      Code for Information Interchange</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>BKI</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="bki">Backend Interface</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>CA</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority">Certificate Authority</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>CIDR</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing">Classless
      Inter-Domain Routing</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>CPAN</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://www.cpan.org/">Comprehensive Perl Archive Network</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>CRL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_revocation_list">Certificate
      Revocation List</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>CSV</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values">Comma
      Separated Values</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>CTE</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="queries-with">Common Table Expression</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>CVE</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://cve.mitre.org/">Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>DBA</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_administrator">Database
      Administrator</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>DBI</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://dbi.perl.org/">Database Interface (Perl)</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>DBMS</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dbms">Database Management
      System</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>DDL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Definition_Language">Data
      Definition Language</ulink>, SQL commands such as <command>CREATE
      TABLE</command>, <command>ALTER USER</command>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>DML</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Manipulation_Language">Data
      Manipulation Language</ulink>, SQL commands such as <command>INSERT</command>,
      <command>UPDATE</command>, <command>DELETE</command>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>DST</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time">Daylight
      Saving Time</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ECPG</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="ecpg">Embedded C for PostgreSQL</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ESQL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_SQL">Embedded
      SQL</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>FAQ</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQ">Frequently Asked
      Questions</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>FSM</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="storage-fsm">Free Space Map</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>GEQO</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="geqo">Genetic Query Optimizer</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>GIN</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="gin">Generalized Inverted Index</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>GiST</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="gist">Generalized Search Tree</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>Git</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)">Git</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>GMT</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT">Greenwich Mean Time</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>GSSAPI</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Security_Services_Application_Program_Interface">Generic
      Security Services Application Programming Interface</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>GUC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="config-setting">Grand Unified Configuration</link>,
      the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> subsystem that handles server configuration
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>HBA</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="auth-pg-hba-conf">Host-Based Authentication</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>HOT</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=blob;f=src/backend/access/heap/README.HOT;hb=HEAD">Heap-Only
      Tuples</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>IEC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission">International
      Electrotechnical Commission</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>IEEE</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://standards.ieee.org/">Institute of Electrical and
      Electronics Engineers</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>IPC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication">Inter-Process
      Communication</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ISO</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://www.iso.org/home.html">International Organization for
      Standardization</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ISSN</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issn">International Standard
      Serial Number</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>JDBC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity">Java
      Database Connectivity</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>JIT</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation">Just-in-Time
      compilation</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>JSON</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://www.json.org">JavaScript Object Notation</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>LDAP</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol">Lightweight
      Directory Access Protocol</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>LSN</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      Log Sequence Number, see <link linkend="datatype-pg-lsn"><type>pg_lsn</type></link>
      and <link linkend="wal-internals">WAL Internals</link>.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>MITM</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack">
      Man-in-the-middle attack</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>MSVC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_C++"><productname>Microsoft
      Visual C</productname></ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>MVCC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="mvcc">Multi-Version Concurrency Control</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>NLS</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization">National
      Language Support</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ODBC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity">Open
      Database Connectivity</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>OID</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="datatype-oid">Object Identifier</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>OLAP</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olap">Online Analytical
      Processing</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>OLTP</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLTP">Online Transaction
      Processing</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>ORDBMS</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORDBMS">Object-Relational
      Database Management System</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>PAM</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules">Pluggable
      Authentication Modules</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>PGSQL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="postgres"><productname>PostgreSQL</productname></link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>PGXS</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="extend-pgxs"><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Extension System</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>PID</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_identifier">Process Identifier</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>PITR</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="continuous-archiving">Point-In-Time
      Recovery</link> (Continuous Archiving)
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>PL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="server-programming">Procedural Languages (server-side)</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>POSIX</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX">Portable Operating
      System Interface</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>RDBMS</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_system">Relational
      Database Management System</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>RFC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments">Request For
      Comments</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SGML</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGML">Standard Generalized
      Markup Language</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SNI</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication">
       Server Name Indication</ulink>,
      <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066#section-3">RFC 6066</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SPI</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="spi">Server Programming Interface</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SP-GiST</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="spgist">Space-Partitioned Generalized Search Tree</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SQL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL">Structured Query Language</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SRF</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="xfunc-c-return-set">Set-Returning Function</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SSH</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell">Secure
      Shell</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SSL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer">Secure Sockets Layer</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SSPI</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa380493%28VS.85%29.aspx">Security
      Support Provider Interface</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>SYSV</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_V">Unix System V</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>TCP/IP</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol">Transmission
      Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP)</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>TID</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="datatype-oid">Tuple Identifier</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>TLS</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security">
      Transport Layer Security</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>TOAST</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="storage-toast">The Oversized-Attribute Storage Technique</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>TPC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="http://www.tpc.org/">Transaction Processing
      Performance Council</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>URL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL">Uniform Resource
      Locator</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>UTC</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink
      url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated
      Universal Time</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>UTF</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://www.unicode.org/">Unicode Transformation
      Format</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>UTF8</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utf8">Eight-Bit Unicode
      Transformation Format</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>UUID</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="datatype-uuid">Universally Unique Identifier</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>WAL</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="wal">Write-Ahead Log</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>XID</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <link linkend="datatype-oid">Transaction Identifier</link>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><acronym>XML</acronym></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML">Extensible Markup
      Language</ulink>
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

  </variablelist>
 </para>

</appendix>
