/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * relcache.c--
 *	  POSTGRES relation descriptor cache code
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c,v 1.44 1998/07/27 19:38:23 vadim Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 * INTERFACE ROUTINES
 *		RelationInitialize				- initialize relcache
 *		RelationIdCacheGetRelation		- get a reldesc from the cache (id)
 *		RelationNameCacheGetRelation	- get a reldesc from the cache (name)
 *		RelationIdGetRelation			- get a reldesc by relation id
 *		RelationNameGetRelation			- get a reldesc by relation name
 *		RelationClose					- close an open relation
 *		RelationFlushRelation			- flush relation information
 *
 * NOTES
 *		This file is in the process of being cleaned up
 *		before I add system attribute indexing.  -cim 1/13/91
 *
 *		The following code contains many undocumented hacks.  Please be
 *		careful....
 *
 */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>				/* for sprintf() */
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/genam.h"
#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "access/htup.h"
#include "access/istrat.h"
#include "access/itup.h"
#include "access/skey.h"
#include "access/tupdesc.h"
#include "access/tupmacs.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/catalog.h"
#include "catalog/catname.h"
#include "catalog/index.h"
#include "catalog/indexing.h"
#include "catalog/pg_aggregate.h"
#include "catalog/pg_attrdef.h"
#include "catalog/pg_attribute.h"
#include "catalog/pg_index.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "catalog/pg_class.h"
#include "catalog/pg_log.h"
#include "catalog/pg_relcheck.h"
#include "catalog/pg_rewrite.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "catalog/pg_variable.h"
#include "fmgr.h"
#include "lib/hasht.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "storage/buf.h"
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"			/* for SEEK_ */
#include "storage/lmgr.h"
#include "storage/smgr.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/catcache.h"
#include "utils/hsearch.h"
#include "utils/mcxt.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/relcache.h"
#include "utils/relcache.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"


static void
RelationFlushRelation(Relation *relationPtr,
					  bool onlyFlushReferenceCountZero);
static Relation RelationNameCacheGetRelation(char *relationName);
static void init_irels(void);
static void write_irels(void);

/* ----------------
 *		defines
 * ----------------
 */
#define private static
#define INIT_FILENAME	"pg_internal.init"

/* ----------------
 *		externs
 * ----------------
 */
extern bool AMI_OVERRIDE;		/* XXX style */
extern GlobalMemory CacheCxt;	/* from utils/cache/catcache.c */

/* ----------------
 *		hardcoded tuple descriptors.  see lib/backend/catalog/pg_attribute.h
 * ----------------
 */
FormData_pg_attribute Desc_pg_class[Natts_pg_class] = {Schema_pg_class};
FormData_pg_attribute Desc_pg_attribute[Natts_pg_attribute] = {Schema_pg_attribute};
FormData_pg_attribute Desc_pg_proc[Natts_pg_proc] = {Schema_pg_proc};
FormData_pg_attribute Desc_pg_type[Natts_pg_type] = {Schema_pg_type};
FormData_pg_attribute Desc_pg_variable[Natts_pg_variable] = {Schema_pg_variable};
FormData_pg_attribute Desc_pg_log[Natts_pg_log] = {Schema_pg_log};

/* ----------------
 *		global variables
 *
 *		Relations are cached two ways, by name and by id,
 *		thus there are two hash tables for referencing them.
 * ----------------
 */
HTAB	   *RelationNameCache;
HTAB	   *RelationIdCache;

/* ----------------
 *		RelationBuildDescInfo exists so code can be shared
 *		between RelationIdGetRelation() and RelationNameGetRelation()
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct RelationBuildDescInfo
{
	int			infotype;		/* lookup by id or by name */
#define INFO_RELID 1
#define INFO_RELNAME 2
	union
	{
		Oid			info_id;	/* relation object id */
		char	   *info_name;	/* relation name */
	}			i;
} RelationBuildDescInfo;

typedef struct relidcacheent
{
	Oid			reloid;
	Relation	reldesc;
} RelIdCacheEnt;

typedef struct relnamecacheent
{
	NameData	relname;
	Relation	reldesc;
} RelNameCacheEnt;

/* -----------------
 *		macros to manipulate name cache and id cache
 * -----------------
 */
#define RelationCacheInsert(RELATION)	\
do { \
	RelIdCacheEnt *idhentry; RelNameCacheEnt *namehentry; \
	char *relname; Oid reloid; bool found; \
	relname = (RELATION->rd_rel->relname).data; \
	namehentry = (RelNameCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationNameCache, \
											   relname, \
											   HASH_ENTER, \
											   &found); \
	if (namehentry == NULL) \
		elog(FATAL, "can't insert into relation descriptor cache"); \
	if (found && !IsBootstrapProcessingMode()) \
		/* used to give notice -- now just keep quiet */ ; \
	namehentry->reldesc = RELATION; \
	reloid = RELATION->rd_id; \
	idhentry = (RelIdCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationIdCache, \
										   (char *)&reloid, \
										   HASH_ENTER, \
										   &found); \
	if (idhentry == NULL) \
		elog(FATAL, "can't insert into relation descriptor cache"); \
	if (found && !IsBootstrapProcessingMode()) \
		/* used to give notice -- now just keep quiet */ ; \
	idhentry->reldesc = RELATION; \
} while(0)

#define RelationNameCacheLookup(NAME, RELATION) \
do { \
	RelNameCacheEnt *hentry; bool found; \
	hentry = (RelNameCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationNameCache, \
										   (char *)NAME,HASH_FIND,&found); \
	if (hentry == NULL) \
		elog(FATAL, "error in CACHE"); \
	if (found) \
		RELATION = hentry->reldesc; \
	else \
		RELATION = NULL; \
} while(0)

#define RelationIdCacheLookup(ID, RELATION)	\
do { \
	RelIdCacheEnt *hentry; \
	bool found; \
	hentry = (RelIdCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationIdCache, \
										 (char *)&(ID),HASH_FIND, &found); \
	if (hentry == NULL) \
		elog(FATAL, "error in CACHE"); \
	if (found) \
		RELATION = hentry->reldesc; \
	else \
		RELATION = NULL; \
} while(0)

#define RelationCacheDelete(RELATION) \
do { \
	RelNameCacheEnt *namehentry; RelIdCacheEnt *idhentry; \
	char *relname; Oid reloid; bool found; \
	relname = (RELATION->rd_rel->relname).data; \
	namehentry = (RelNameCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationNameCache, \
											   relname, \
											   HASH_REMOVE, \
											   &found); \
	if (namehentry == NULL) \
		elog(FATAL, "can't delete from relation descriptor cache"); \
	if (!found) \
		elog(NOTICE, "trying to delete a reldesc that does not exist."); \
	reloid = RELATION->rd_id; \
	idhentry = (RelIdCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationIdCache, \
										   (char *)&reloid, \
										   HASH_REMOVE, &found); \
	if (idhentry == NULL) \
		elog(FATAL, "can't delete from relation descriptor cache"); \
	if (!found) \
		elog(NOTICE, "trying to delete a reldesc that does not exist."); \
} while(0)

/* non-export function prototypes */
static void
formrdesc(char *relationName, u_int natts,
		  FormData_pg_attribute att[]);

#if 0							/* See comments at line 1304 */
static void RelationFlushIndexes(Relation *r, Oid accessMethodId);

#endif

static HeapTuple ScanPgRelation(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo);
static HeapTuple scan_pg_rel_seq(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo);
static HeapTuple scan_pg_rel_ind(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo);
static Relation AllocateRelationDesc(u_int natts, Form_pg_class relp);
static void
RelationBuildTupleDesc(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo,
					   Relation relation, u_int natts);
static void
build_tupdesc_seq(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo,
				  Relation relation, u_int natts);
static void
build_tupdesc_ind(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo,
				  Relation relation, u_int natts);
static Relation RelationBuildDesc(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo);
static void IndexedAccessMethodInitialize(Relation relation);
static void AttrDefaultFetch(Relation relation);
static void RelCheckFetch(Relation relation);

extern void RelationBuildTriggers(Relation relation);
extern void FreeTriggerDesc(Relation relation);

/*
 * newlyCreatedRelns -
 *	  relations created during this transaction. We need to keep track of
 *	  these.
 */
static List *newlyCreatedRelns = NULL;

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		RelationIdGetRelation() and RelationNameGetRelation()
 *						support functions
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */


#if NOT_USED					/* XXX This doesn't seem to be used
								 * anywhere */
/* --------------------------------
 *		BuildDescInfoError returns a string appropriate to
 *		the buildinfo passed to it
 * --------------------------------
 */
static char *
BuildDescInfoError(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo)
{
	static char errBuf[64];

	MemSet(errBuf, 0, (int) sizeof(errBuf));
	switch (buildinfo.infotype)
	{
		case INFO_RELID:
			sprintf(errBuf, "(relation id %d)", buildinfo.i.info_id);
			break;
		case INFO_RELNAME:
			sprintf(errBuf, "(relation name %s)", buildinfo.i.info_name);
			break;
	}

	return errBuf;
}

#endif

/* --------------------------------
 *		ScanPgRelation
 *
 *		this is used by RelationBuildDesc to find a pg_class
 *		tuple matching either a relation name or a relation id
 *		as specified in buildinfo.
 * --------------------------------
 */
static HeapTuple
ScanPgRelation(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo)
{

	/*
	 * If this is bootstrap time (initdb), then we can't use the system
	 * catalog indices, because they may not exist yet.  Otherwise, we
	 * can, and do.
	 */

	if (IsBootstrapProcessingMode())
		return (scan_pg_rel_seq(buildinfo));
	else
		return (scan_pg_rel_ind(buildinfo));
}

static HeapTuple
scan_pg_rel_seq(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo)
{
	HeapTuple	pg_class_tuple;
	HeapTuple	return_tuple;
	Relation	pg_class_desc;
	HeapScanDesc pg_class_scan;
	ScanKeyData key;
	Buffer		buf;

	/* ----------------
	 *	form a scan key
	 * ----------------
	 */
	switch (buildinfo.infotype)
	{
		case INFO_RELID:
			ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&key, 0,
								   ObjectIdAttributeNumber,
								   F_OIDEQ,
								   ObjectIdGetDatum(buildinfo.i.info_id));
			break;

		case INFO_RELNAME:
			ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&key, 0,
								   Anum_pg_class_relname,
								   F_NAMEEQ,
								   NameGetDatum(buildinfo.i.info_name));
			break;

		default:
			elog(ERROR, "ScanPgRelation: bad buildinfo");
			return NULL;
	}

	/* ----------------
	 *	open pg_class and fetch a tuple
	 * ----------------
	 */
	pg_class_desc = heap_openr(RelationRelationName);
	if (!IsInitProcessingMode())
		RelationSetLockForRead(pg_class_desc);
	pg_class_scan =
		heap_beginscan(pg_class_desc, 0, SnapshotNow, 1, &key);
	pg_class_tuple = heap_getnext(pg_class_scan, 0, &buf);

	/* ----------------
	 *	get set to return tuple
	 * ----------------
	 */
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(pg_class_tuple))
		return_tuple = pg_class_tuple;
	else
	{
		/* ------------------
		 *	a satanic bug used to live here: pg_class_tuple used to be
		 *	returned here without having the corresponding buffer pinned.
		 *	so when the buffer gets replaced, all hell breaks loose.
		 *	this bug is discovered and killed by wei on 9/27/91.
		 * -------------------
		 */
		return_tuple = (HeapTuple) palloc((Size) pg_class_tuple->t_len);
		memmove((char *) return_tuple,
				(char *) pg_class_tuple,
				(int) pg_class_tuple->t_len);
		ReleaseBuffer(buf);
	}

	/* all done */
	heap_endscan(pg_class_scan);
	if (!IsInitProcessingMode())
		RelationUnsetLockForRead(pg_class_desc);
	heap_close(pg_class_desc);

	return return_tuple;
}

static HeapTuple
scan_pg_rel_ind(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo)
{
	Relation	pg_class_desc;
	HeapTuple	return_tuple;

	pg_class_desc = heap_openr(RelationRelationName);
	if (!IsInitProcessingMode())
		RelationSetLockForRead(pg_class_desc);

	switch (buildinfo.infotype)
	{
		case INFO_RELID:
			return_tuple = ClassOidIndexScan(pg_class_desc, buildinfo.i.info_id);
			break;

		case INFO_RELNAME:
			return_tuple = ClassNameIndexScan(pg_class_desc,
											  buildinfo.i.info_name);
			break;

		default:
			elog(ERROR, "ScanPgRelation: bad buildinfo");

			/*
			 * XXX I hope this is right.  It seems better than returning
			 * an uninitialized value
			 */
			return_tuple = NULL;
	}

	/* all done */
	if (!IsInitProcessingMode())
		RelationUnsetLockForRead(pg_class_desc);
	heap_close(pg_class_desc);

	return return_tuple;
}

/* ----------------
 *		AllocateRelationDesc
 *
 *		This is used to allocate memory for a new relation descriptor
 *		and initialize the rd_rel field.
 * ----------------
 */
static Relation
AllocateRelationDesc(u_int natts, Form_pg_class relp)
{
	Relation	relation;
	Size		len;
	Form_pg_class relationTupleForm;

	/* ----------------
	 *	allocate space for the relation tuple form
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relationTupleForm = (Form_pg_class)
		palloc((Size) (sizeof(FormData_pg_class)));

	memmove((char *) relationTupleForm, (char *) relp, CLASS_TUPLE_SIZE);

	/* ----------------
	 *	allocate space for new relation descriptor
	 */
	len = sizeof(RelationData) + 10;	/* + 10 is voodoo XXX mao */

	relation = (Relation) palloc(len);

	/* ----------------
	 *	clear new reldesc
	 * ----------------
	 */
	MemSet((char *) relation, 0, len);

	/* initialize attribute tuple form */
	relation->rd_att = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(natts);

	/* and initialize relation tuple form */
	relation->rd_rel = relationTupleForm;

	return relation;
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationBuildTupleDesc
 *
 *		Form the relation's tuple descriptor from information in
 *		the pg_attribute, pg_attrdef & pg_relcheck system cataloges.
 * --------------------------------
 */
static void
RelationBuildTupleDesc(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo,
					   Relation relation,
					   u_int natts)
{

	/*
	 * If this is bootstrap time (initdb), then we can't use the system
	 * catalog indices, because they may not exist yet.  Otherwise, we
	 * can, and do.
	 */

	if (IsBootstrapProcessingMode())
		build_tupdesc_seq(buildinfo, relation, natts);
	else
		build_tupdesc_ind(buildinfo, relation, natts);
}

static void
build_tupdesc_seq(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo,
				  Relation relation,
				  u_int natts)
{
	HeapTuple	pg_attribute_tuple;
	Relation	pg_attribute_desc;
	HeapScanDesc pg_attribute_scan;
	AttributeTupleForm attp;
	ScanKeyData key;
	int			need;

	/* ----------------
	 *	form a scan key
	 * ----------------
	 */
	ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&key, 0,
						   Anum_pg_attribute_attrelid,
						   F_OIDEQ,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relation->rd_id));

	/* ----------------
	 *	open pg_attribute and begin a scan
	 * ----------------
	 */
	pg_attribute_desc = heap_openr(AttributeRelationName);
	pg_attribute_scan =
		heap_beginscan(pg_attribute_desc, 0, SnapshotNow, 1, &key);

	/* ----------------
	 *	add attribute data to relation->rd_att
	 * ----------------
	 */
	need = natts;

	pg_attribute_tuple = heap_getnext(pg_attribute_scan, 0, (Buffer *) NULL);
	while (HeapTupleIsValid(pg_attribute_tuple) && need > 0)
	{
		attp = (AttributeTupleForm) GETSTRUCT(pg_attribute_tuple);

		if (attp->attnum > 0)
		{
			relation->rd_att->attrs[attp->attnum - 1] =
				(AttributeTupleForm) palloc(ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE);

			memmove((char *) (relation->rd_att->attrs[attp->attnum - 1]),
					(char *) attp,
					ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE);
			need--;
		}
		pg_attribute_tuple = heap_getnext(pg_attribute_scan,
										  0, (Buffer *) NULL);
	}

	if (need > 0)
		elog(ERROR, "catalog is missing %d attribute%s for relid %d",
			 need, (need == 1 ? "" : "s"), relation->rd_id);

	/* ----------------
	 *	end the scan and close the attribute relation
	 * ----------------
	 */
	heap_endscan(pg_attribute_scan);
	heap_close(pg_attribute_desc);
}

static void
build_tupdesc_ind(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo,
				  Relation relation,
				  u_int natts)
{
	Relation	attrel;
	HeapTuple	atttup;
	AttributeTupleForm attp;
	TupleConstr *constr = (TupleConstr *) palloc(sizeof(TupleConstr));
	AttrDefault *attrdef = NULL;
	int			ndef = 0;
	int			i;

	constr->has_not_null = false;

	attrel = heap_openr(AttributeRelationName);

	for (i = 1; i <= relation->rd_rel->relnatts; i++)
	{

		atttup = (HeapTuple) AttributeNumIndexScan(attrel, relation->rd_id, i);

		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(atttup))
			elog(ERROR, "cannot find attribute %d of relation %s", i,
				relation->rd_rel->relname.data);
		attp = (AttributeTupleForm) GETSTRUCT(atttup);

		relation->rd_att->attrs[i - 1] =
			(AttributeTupleForm) palloc(ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE);

		memmove((char *) (relation->rd_att->attrs[i - 1]),
				(char *) attp,
				ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE);

		/* Update if this attribute have a constraint */
		if (attp->attnotnull)
			constr->has_not_null = true;

		if (attp->atthasdef)
		{
			if (attrdef == NULL)
				attrdef = (AttrDefault *) palloc(relation->rd_rel->relnatts *
												 sizeof(AttrDefault));
			attrdef[ndef].adnum = i;
			attrdef[ndef].adbin = NULL;
			attrdef[ndef].adsrc = NULL;
			ndef++;
		}
	}

	heap_close(attrel);

	if (constr->has_not_null || ndef > 0 || relation->rd_rel->relchecks)
	{
		relation->rd_att->constr = constr;

		if (ndef > 0)			/* DEFAULTs */
		{
			if (ndef < relation->rd_rel->relnatts)
				constr->defval = (AttrDefault *)
					repalloc(attrdef, ndef * sizeof(AttrDefault));
			else
				constr->defval = attrdef;
			constr->num_defval = ndef;
			AttrDefaultFetch(relation);
		}
		else
			constr->num_defval = 0;

		if (relation->rd_rel->relchecks > 0)	/* CHECKs */
		{
			constr->num_check = relation->rd_rel->relchecks;
			constr->check = (ConstrCheck *) palloc(constr->num_check *
												   sizeof(ConstrCheck));
			MemSet(constr->check, 0, constr->num_check * sizeof(ConstrCheck));
			RelCheckFetch(relation);
		}
		else
			constr->num_check = 0;
	}
	else
	{
		pfree(constr);
		relation->rd_att->constr = NULL;
	}

}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationBuildRuleLock
 *
 *		Form the relation's rewrite rules from information in
 *		the pg_rewrite system catalog.
 * --------------------------------
 */
static void
RelationBuildRuleLock(Relation relation)
{
	HeapTuple	pg_rewrite_tuple;
	Relation	pg_rewrite_desc;
	TupleDesc	pg_rewrite_tupdesc;
	HeapScanDesc pg_rewrite_scan;
	ScanKeyData key;
	RuleLock   *rulelock;
	int			numlocks;
	RewriteRule **rules;
	int			maxlocks;

	/* ----------------
	 *	form an array to hold the rewrite rules (the array is extended if
	 *	necessary)
	 * ----------------
	 */
	maxlocks = 4;
	rules = (RewriteRule **) palloc(sizeof(RewriteRule *) * maxlocks);
	numlocks = 0;

	/* ----------------
	 *	form a scan key
	 * ----------------
	 */
	ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&key, 0,
						   Anum_pg_rewrite_ev_class,
						   F_OIDEQ,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relation->rd_id));

	/* ----------------
	 *	open pg_attribute and begin a scan
	 * ----------------
	 */
	pg_rewrite_desc = heap_openr(RewriteRelationName);
	pg_rewrite_scan =
		heap_beginscan(pg_rewrite_desc, 0, SnapshotNow, 1, &key);
	pg_rewrite_tupdesc =
		RelationGetTupleDescriptor(pg_rewrite_desc);

	/* ----------------
	 *	add attribute data to relation->rd_att
	 * ----------------
	 */
	while ((pg_rewrite_tuple = heap_getnext(pg_rewrite_scan, 0,
											(Buffer *) NULL)) != NULL)
	{
		bool		isnull;
		Datum		ruleaction;
		Datum		rule_evqual_string;
		RewriteRule *rule;

		rule = (RewriteRule *) palloc(sizeof(RewriteRule));

		rule->ruleId = pg_rewrite_tuple->t_oid;

		rule->event =
			(int) heap_getattr(pg_rewrite_tuple,
							 Anum_pg_rewrite_ev_type, pg_rewrite_tupdesc,
							   &isnull) - 48;
		rule->attrno =
			(int) heap_getattr(pg_rewrite_tuple,
							 Anum_pg_rewrite_ev_attr, pg_rewrite_tupdesc,
							   &isnull);
		rule->isInstead =
			!!heap_getattr(pg_rewrite_tuple,
						   Anum_pg_rewrite_is_instead, pg_rewrite_tupdesc,
						   &isnull);

		ruleaction =
			heap_getattr(pg_rewrite_tuple,
						 Anum_pg_rewrite_ev_action, pg_rewrite_tupdesc,
						 &isnull);
		rule_evqual_string =
			heap_getattr(pg_rewrite_tuple,
						 Anum_pg_rewrite_ev_qual, pg_rewrite_tupdesc,
						 &isnull);

		ruleaction = PointerGetDatum(textout((struct varlena *) DatumGetPointer(ruleaction)));
		rule_evqual_string = PointerGetDatum(textout((struct varlena *) DatumGetPointer(rule_evqual_string)));

		rule->actions = (List *) stringToNode(DatumGetPointer(ruleaction));
		rule->qual = (Node *) stringToNode(DatumGetPointer(rule_evqual_string));

		rules[numlocks++] = rule;
		if (numlocks == maxlocks)
		{
			maxlocks *= 2;
			rules =
				(RewriteRule **) repalloc(rules, sizeof(RewriteRule *) * maxlocks);
		}
	}

	/* ----------------
	 *	end the scan and close the attribute relation
	 * ----------------
	 */
	heap_endscan(pg_rewrite_scan);
	heap_close(pg_rewrite_desc);

	/* ----------------
	 *	form a RuleLock and insert into relation
	 * ----------------
	 */
	rulelock = (RuleLock *) palloc(sizeof(RuleLock));
	rulelock->numLocks = numlocks;
	rulelock->rules = rules;

	relation->rd_rules = rulelock;
	return;
}


/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationBuildDesc
 *
 *		To build a relation descriptor, we have to allocate space,
 *		open the underlying unix file and initialize the following
 *		fields:
 *
 *	File				   rd_fd;		 open file descriptor
 *	int					   rd_nblocks;	 number of blocks in rel
 *										 it will be set in ambeginscan()
 *	uint16				   rd_refcnt;	 reference count
 *	Form_pg_am			   rd_am;		 AM tuple
 *	Form_pg_class		   rd_rel;		 RELATION tuple
 *	Oid					   rd_id;		 relations's object id
 *	Pointer				   lockInfo;	 ptr. to misc. info.
 *	TupleDesc			   rd_att;		 tuple desciptor
 *
 *		Note: rd_ismem (rel is in-memory only) is currently unused
 *		by any part of the system.	someday this will indicate that
 *		the relation lives only in the main-memory buffer pool
 *		-cim 2/4/91
 * --------------------------------
 */
static Relation
RelationBuildDesc(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo)
{
	File		fd;
	Relation	relation;
	u_int		natts;
	Oid			relid;
	Oid			relam;
	Form_pg_class relp;

	MemoryContext oldcxt;

	HeapTuple	pg_class_tuple;

	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo((MemoryContext) CacheCxt);

	/* ----------------
	 *	find the tuple in pg_class corresponding to the given relation id
	 * ----------------
	 */
	pg_class_tuple = ScanPgRelation(buildinfo);

	/* ----------------
	 *	if no such tuple exists, return NULL
	 * ----------------
	 */
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(pg_class_tuple))
	{

		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);

		return NULL;
	}

	/* ----------------
	 *	get information from the pg_class_tuple
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relid = pg_class_tuple->t_oid;
	relp = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(pg_class_tuple);
	natts = relp->relnatts;

	/* ----------------
	 *	allocate storage for the relation descriptor,
	 *	initialize relation->rd_rel and get the access method id.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relation = AllocateRelationDesc(natts, relp);
	relam = relation->rd_rel->relam;

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize the relation's relation id (relation->rd_id)
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relation->rd_id = relid;

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize relation->rd_refcnt
	 * ----------------
	 */
	RelationSetReferenceCount(relation, 1);

	/* ----------------
	 *	 normal relations are not nailed into the cache
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relation->rd_isnailed = false;

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize the access method information (relation->rd_am)
	 * ----------------
	 */
	if (OidIsValid(relam))
	{
		relation->rd_am = (Form_pg_am)
			AccessMethodObjectIdGetAccessMethodTupleForm(relam);
	}

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize the tuple descriptor (relation->rd_att).
	 *	remember, rd_att is an array of attribute pointers that lives
	 *	off the end of the relation descriptor structure so space was
	 *	already allocated for it by AllocateRelationDesc.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	RelationBuildTupleDesc(buildinfo, relation, natts);

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize rules that affect this relation
	 * ----------------
	 */
	if (relp->relhasrules)
		RelationBuildRuleLock(relation);
	else
		relation->rd_rules = NULL;

	/* Triggers */
	if (relp->reltriggers > 0)
		RelationBuildTriggers(relation);
	else
		relation->trigdesc = NULL;

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize index strategy and support information for this relation
	 * ----------------
	 */
	if (OidIsValid(relam))
		IndexedAccessMethodInitialize(relation);

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize the relation lock manager information
	 * ----------------
	 */
	RelationInitLockInfo(relation);		/* see lmgr.c */

	/* ----------------
	 *	open the relation and assign the file descriptor returned
	 *	by the storage manager code to rd_fd.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	fd = smgropen(DEFAULT_SMGR, relation);

	Assert(fd >= -1);
	if (fd == -1)
		elog(NOTICE, "RelationIdBuildRelation: smgropen(%s): %m",
			 &relp->relname);

	relation->rd_fd = fd;

	/* ----------------
	 *	insert newly created relation into proper relcaches,
	 *	restore memory context and return the new reldesc.
	 * ----------------
	 */

	RelationCacheInsert(relation);

	/* -------------------
	 *	free the memory allocated for pg_class_tuple
	 *	and for lock data pointed to by pg_class_tuple
	 * -------------------
	 */
	pfree(pg_class_tuple);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);

	return relation;
}

static void
IndexedAccessMethodInitialize(Relation relation)
{
	IndexStrategy strategy;
	RegProcedure *support;
	int			natts;
	Size		stratSize;
	Size		supportSize;
	uint16		relamstrategies;
	uint16		relamsupport;

	natts = relation->rd_rel->relnatts;
	relamstrategies = relation->rd_am->amstrategies;
	stratSize = AttributeNumberGetIndexStrategySize(natts, relamstrategies);
	strategy = (IndexStrategy) palloc(stratSize);
	relamsupport = relation->rd_am->amsupport;

	if (relamsupport > 0)
	{
		supportSize = natts * (relamsupport * sizeof(RegProcedure));
		support = (RegProcedure *) palloc(supportSize);
	}
	else
		support = (RegProcedure *) NULL;

	IndexSupportInitialize(strategy, support,
						   relation->rd_att->attrs[0]->attrelid,
						   relation->rd_rel->relam,
						   relamstrategies, relamsupport, natts);

	RelationSetIndexSupport(relation, strategy, support);
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		formrdesc
 *
 *		This is a special version of RelationBuildDesc()
 *		used by RelationInitialize() in initializing the
 *		relcache.  The system relation descriptors built
 *		here are all nailed in the descriptor caches, for
 *		bootstrapping.
 * --------------------------------
 */
static void
formrdesc(char *relationName,
		  u_int natts,
		  FormData_pg_attribute att[])
{
	Relation	relation;
	Size		len;
	int			i;

	/* ----------------
	 *	allocate new relation desc
	 * ----------------
	 */
	len = sizeof(RelationData);
	relation = (Relation) palloc(len);
	MemSet((char *) relation, 0, len);

	/* ----------------
	 *	don't open the unix file yet..
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relation->rd_fd = -1;

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize reference count
	 * ----------------
	 */
	RelationSetReferenceCount(relation, 1);

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize relation tuple form
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relation->rd_rel = (Form_pg_class)
		palloc((Size) (sizeof(*relation->rd_rel)));
	MemSet(relation->rd_rel, 0, sizeof(FormData_pg_class));
	namestrcpy(&relation->rd_rel->relname, relationName);

	/* ----------------
	   initialize attribute tuple form
	*/
	relation->rd_att = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(natts);

	/*
	 * For debugging purposes, it's important to distinguish between
	 * shared and non-shared relations, even at bootstrap time.  There's
	 * code in the buffer manager that traces allocations that has to know
	 * about this.
	 */

	if (IsSystemRelationName(relationName))
	{
		relation->rd_rel->relowner = 6; /* XXX use sym const */
		relation->rd_rel->relisshared =
			IsSharedSystemRelationName(relationName);
	}
	else
	{
		relation->rd_rel->relowner = InvalidOid;		/* XXX incorrect */
		relation->rd_rel->relisshared = false;
	}

	relation->rd_rel->relpages = 1;		/* XXX */
	relation->rd_rel->reltuples = 1;	/* XXX */
	relation->rd_rel->relkind = RELKIND_RELATION;
	relation->rd_rel->relnatts = (uint16) natts;
	relation->rd_isnailed = true;

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize tuple desc info
	 * ----------------
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
	{
		relation->rd_att->attrs[i] =
			(AttributeTupleForm) palloc(ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE);

		MemSet((char *) relation->rd_att->attrs[i], 0,
			   ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE);
		memmove((char *) relation->rd_att->attrs[i],
				(char *) &att[i],
				ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE);
	}

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize relation id
	 * ----------------
	 */
	relation->rd_id = relation->rd_att->attrs[0]->attrelid;

	/* ----------------
	 *	add new reldesc to relcache
	 * ----------------
	 */
	RelationCacheInsert(relation);

	/*
	 * Determining this requires a scan on pg_class, but to do the scan
	 * the rdesc for pg_class must already exist.  Therefore we must do
	 * the check (and possible set) after cache insertion.
	 */
	relation->rd_rel->relhasindex =
		CatalogHasIndex(relationName, relation->rd_id);
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				 Relation Descriptor Lookup Interface
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationIdCacheGetRelation
 *
 *		only try to get the reldesc by looking up the cache
 *		do not go to the disk.	this is used by BlockPrepareFile()
 *		and RelationIdGetRelation below.
 * --------------------------------
 */
Relation
RelationIdCacheGetRelation(Oid relationId)
{
	Relation	rd;

	RelationIdCacheLookup(relationId, rd);

	if (RelationIsValid(rd))
	{
		if (rd->rd_fd == -1)
		{
			rd->rd_fd = smgropen(DEFAULT_SMGR, rd);
			Assert(rd->rd_fd != -1);
		}

		RelationIncrementReferenceCount(rd);
		RelationSetLockForDescriptorOpen(rd);

	}

	return (rd);
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationNameCacheGetRelation
 * --------------------------------
 */
static Relation
RelationNameCacheGetRelation(char *relationName)
{
	Relation	rd;
	NameData	name;

	/*
	 * make sure that the name key used for hash lookup is properly
	 * null-padded
	 */
	namestrcpy(&name, relationName);
	RelationNameCacheLookup(name.data, rd);

	if (RelationIsValid(rd))
	{
		if (rd->rd_fd == -1)
		{
			rd->rd_fd = smgropen(DEFAULT_SMGR, rd);
			Assert(rd->rd_fd != -1);
		}

		RelationIncrementReferenceCount(rd);
		RelationSetLockForDescriptorOpen(rd);

	}

	return (rd);
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationIdGetRelation
 *
 *		return a relation descriptor based on its id.
 *		return a cached value if possible
 * --------------------------------
 */
Relation
RelationIdGetRelation(Oid relationId)
{
	Relation	rd;
	RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo;

	/* ----------------
	 *	increment access statistics
	 * ----------------
	 */
	IncrHeapAccessStat(local_RelationIdGetRelation);
	IncrHeapAccessStat(global_RelationIdGetRelation);

	/* ----------------
	 *	first try and get a reldesc from the cache
	 * ----------------
	 */
	rd = RelationIdCacheGetRelation(relationId);
	if (RelationIsValid(rd))
		return rd;

	/* ----------------
	 *	no reldesc in the cache, so have RelationBuildDesc()
	 *	build one and add it.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	buildinfo.infotype = INFO_RELID;
	buildinfo.i.info_id = relationId;

	rd = RelationBuildDesc(buildinfo);
	return
		rd;
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationNameGetRelation
 *
 *		return a relation descriptor based on its name.
 *		return a cached value if possible
 * --------------------------------
 */
Relation
RelationNameGetRelation(char *relationName)
{
	Relation	rd;
	RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo;

	/* ----------------
	 *	increment access statistics
	 * ----------------
	 */
	IncrHeapAccessStat(local_RelationNameGetRelation);
	IncrHeapAccessStat(global_RelationNameGetRelation);

	/* ----------------
	 *	first try and get a reldesc from the cache
	 * ----------------
	 */
	rd = RelationNameCacheGetRelation(relationName);
	if (RelationIsValid(rd))
		return rd;

	/* ----------------
	 *	no reldesc in the cache, so have RelationBuildDesc()
	 *	build one and add it.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	buildinfo.infotype = INFO_RELNAME;
	buildinfo.i.info_name = relationName;

	rd = RelationBuildDesc(buildinfo);
	return rd;
}

/* ----------------
 *		old "getreldesc" interface.
 * ----------------
 */
#ifdef NOT_USED
Relation
getreldesc(char *relationName)
{
	/* ----------------
	 *	increment access statistics
	 * ----------------
	 */
	IncrHeapAccessStat(local_getreldesc);
	IncrHeapAccessStat(global_getreldesc);

	return RelationNameGetRelation(relationName);
}

#endif

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				cache invalidation support routines
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationClose - close an open relation
 * --------------------------------
 */
void
RelationClose(Relation relation)
{
	/* Note: no locking manipulations needed */
	RelationDecrementReferenceCount(relation);
}

/* --------------------------------
 * RelationFlushRelation
 *
 *	 Actually blows away a relation... RelationFree doesn't do
 *	 anything anymore.
 * --------------------------------
 */
static void
RelationFlushRelation(Relation *relationPtr,
					  bool onlyFlushReferenceCountZero)
{
	MemoryContext oldcxt;
	Relation	relation = *relationPtr;

	if (relation->rd_isnailed)
	{
		/* this is a nailed special relation for bootstraping */
		return;
	}

	if (!onlyFlushReferenceCountZero ||
		RelationHasReferenceCountZero(relation))
	{

		oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo((MemoryContext) CacheCxt);

		RelationCacheDelete(relation);

		FreeTupleDesc(relation->rd_att);
		SystemCacheRelationFlushed(relation->rd_id);

		FreeTriggerDesc(relation);

#if 0
		if (relation->rd_rules)
		{
			int			j;

			for (j = 0; j < relation->rd_rules->numLocks; j++)
				pfree(relation->rd_rules->rules[j]);
			pfree(relation->rd_rules->rules);
			pfree(relation->rd_rules);
		}
#endif

		pfree(RelationGetLockInfo(relation));
		pfree(RelationGetRelationTupleForm(relation));
		pfree(relation);

		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
	}
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationForgetRelation -
 *		   RelationFlushRelation + if the relation is local then get rid of
 *		   the relation descriptor from the newly created relation list.
 * --------------------------------
 */
void
RelationForgetRelation(Oid rid)
{
	Relation	relation;

	RelationIdCacheLookup(rid, relation);
	Assert(PointerIsValid(relation));

	if (relation->rd_islocal)
	{
		MemoryContext oldcxt;
		List	   *curr;
		List	   *prev = NIL;

		oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo((MemoryContext) CacheCxt);

		foreach(curr, newlyCreatedRelns)
		{
			Relation	reln = lfirst(curr);

			Assert(reln != NULL && reln->rd_islocal);
			if (reln->rd_id == rid)
				break;
			prev = curr;
		}
		if (curr == NIL)
			elog(FATAL, "Local relation %s not found in list",
				 (RelationGetRelationName(relation))->data);
		if (prev == NIL)
			newlyCreatedRelns = lnext(newlyCreatedRelns);
		else
			lnext(prev) = lnext(curr);
		pfree(curr);
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
	}

	RelationFlushRelation(&relation, false);
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationIdInvalidateRelationCacheByRelationId
 * --------------------------------
 */
void
RelationIdInvalidateRelationCacheByRelationId(Oid relationId)
{
	Relation	relation;

	RelationIdCacheLookup(relationId, relation);

	/*
	 * "local" relations are invalidated by RelationPurgeLocalRelation.
	 * (This is to make LocalBufferSync's life easier: want the descriptor
	 * to hang around for a while. In fact, won't we want this for
	 * BufferSync also? But I'll leave it for now since I don't want to
	 * break anything.) - ay 3/95
	 */
	if (PointerIsValid(relation) && !relation->rd_islocal)
	{

		/*
		 * The boolean onlyFlushReferenceCountZero in RelationFlushReln()
		 * should be set to true when we are incrementing the command
		 * counter and to false when we are starting a new xaction.  This
		 * can be determined by checking the current xaction status.
		 */
		RelationFlushRelation(&relation, CurrentXactInProgress());
	}
}

#if NOT_USED					/* See comments at line 1304 */
/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationIdInvalidateRelationCacheByAccessMethodId
 *
 *		RelationFlushIndexes is needed for use with HashTableWalk..
 * --------------------------------
 */
static void
RelationFlushIndexes(Relation *r,
					 Oid accessMethodId)
{
	Relation	relation = *r;

	if (!RelationIsValid(relation))
	{
		elog(NOTICE, "inval call to RFI");
		return;
	}

	if (relation->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_INDEX &&	/* XXX style */
		(!OidIsValid(accessMethodId) ||
		 relation->rd_rel->relam == accessMethodId))
		RelationFlushRelation(&relation, false);
}

#endif


void
RelationIdInvalidateRelationCacheByAccessMethodId(Oid accessMethodId)
{
#if 0

	/*
	 * 25 aug 1992:  mao commented out the ht walk below.  it should be
	 * doing the right thing, in theory, but flushing reldescs for index
	 * relations apparently doesn't work.  we want to cut 4.0.1, and i
	 * don't want to introduce new bugs.  this code never executed before,
	 * so i'm turning it off for now.  after the release is cut, i'll fix
	 * this up.
	 */

	HashTableWalk(RelationNameCache, (HashtFunc) RelationFlushIndexes,
				  accessMethodId);
#else
	return;
#endif
}

/*
 * RelationCacheInvalidate
 *
 *	 Will blow away either all the cached relation descriptors or
 *	 those that have a zero reference count.
 *
 */
void
RelationCacheInvalidate(bool onlyFlushReferenceCountZero)
{
	HashTableWalk(RelationNameCache, (HashtFunc) RelationFlushRelation,
				  onlyFlushReferenceCountZero);

	/*
	 * nailed-in reldescs will still be in the cache... 7 hardwired heaps
	 * + 3 hardwired indices == 10 total.
	 */
	if (!onlyFlushReferenceCountZero)
	{
		Assert(RelationNameCache->hctl->nkeys == 10);
		Assert(RelationIdCache->hctl->nkeys == 10);
	}
}


/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationRegisterRelation -
 *		   register the Relation descriptor of a newly created relation
 *		   with the relation descriptor Cache.
 * --------------------------------
 */
void
RelationRegisterRelation(Relation relation)
{
	MemoryContext oldcxt;

	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo((MemoryContext) CacheCxt);

	if (oldcxt != (MemoryContext) CacheCxt)
		elog(NOIND, "RelationRegisterRelation: WARNING: Context != CacheCxt");

	RelationCacheInsert(relation);

	RelationInitLockInfo(relation);

	/*
	 * we've just created the relation. It is invisible to anyone else
	 * before the transaction is committed. Setting rd_islocal allows us
	 * to use the local buffer manager for select/insert/etc before the
	 * end of transaction. (We also need to keep track of relations
	 * created during a transaction and does the necessary clean up at the
	 * end of the transaction.)				- ay 3/95
	 */
	relation->rd_islocal = TRUE;
	newlyCreatedRelns = lcons(relation, newlyCreatedRelns);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
}

/*
 * RelationPurgeLocalRelation -
 *	  find all the Relation descriptors marked rd_islocal and reset them.
 *	  This should be called at the end of a transaction (commit/abort) when
 *	  the "local" relations will become visible to others and the multi-user
 *	  buffer pool should be used.
 */
void
RelationPurgeLocalRelation(bool xactCommitted)
{
	MemoryContext oldcxt;

	if (newlyCreatedRelns == NULL)
		return;

	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo((MemoryContext) CacheCxt);

	while (newlyCreatedRelns)
	{
		List	   *l = newlyCreatedRelns;
		Relation	reln = lfirst(l);

		Assert(reln != NULL && reln->rd_islocal);

		if (!xactCommitted)
		{

			/*
			 * remove the file if we abort. This is so that files for
			 * tables created inside a transaction block get removed.
			 */
			if (reln->rd_istemp)
			{
				if (!(reln->rd_tmpunlinked))
				{
					smgrunlink(DEFAULT_SMGR, reln);
					reln->rd_tmpunlinked = TRUE;
				}
			}
			else
				smgrunlink(DEFAULT_SMGR, reln);
		}
		else if (!IsBootstrapProcessingMode() && !(reln->rd_istemp))

			/*
			 * RelationFlushRelation () below will flush relation
			 * information from the cache. We must call smgrclose to flush
			 * relation information from SMGR & FMGR, too. We assume that
			 * for temp relations smgrunlink is already called by
			 * heap_destroyr and we skip smgrclose for them.		  -
			 * vadim 05/22/97
			 */
			smgrclose(DEFAULT_SMGR, reln);

		reln->rd_islocal = FALSE;

		if (!IsBootstrapProcessingMode())
			RelationFlushRelation(&reln, FALSE);

		newlyCreatedRelns = lnext(newlyCreatedRelns);
		pfree(l);
	}

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
}

/* --------------------------------
 *		RelationInitialize
 *
 *		This initializes the relation descriptor cache.
 * --------------------------------
 */

#define INITRELCACHESIZE		400

void
RelationInitialize(void)
{
	MemoryContext oldcxt;
	HASHCTL		ctl;

	/* ----------------
	 *	switch to cache memory context
	 * ----------------
	 */
	if (!CacheCxt)
		CacheCxt = CreateGlobalMemory("Cache");

	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo((MemoryContext) CacheCxt);

	/* ----------------
	 *	create global caches
	 * ----------------
	 */
	MemSet(&ctl, 0, (int) sizeof(ctl));
	ctl.keysize = sizeof(NameData);
	ctl.datasize = sizeof(Relation);
	RelationNameCache = hash_create(INITRELCACHESIZE, &ctl, HASH_ELEM);

	ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
	ctl.hash = tag_hash;
	RelationIdCache = hash_create(INITRELCACHESIZE, &ctl,
								  HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);

	/* ----------------
	 *	initialize the cache with pre-made relation descriptors
	 *	for some of the more important system relations.  These
	 *	relations should always be in the cache.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	formrdesc(RelationRelationName, Natts_pg_class, Desc_pg_class);
	formrdesc(AttributeRelationName, Natts_pg_attribute, Desc_pg_attribute);
	formrdesc(ProcedureRelationName, Natts_pg_proc, Desc_pg_proc);
	formrdesc(TypeRelationName, Natts_pg_type, Desc_pg_type);
	formrdesc(VariableRelationName, Natts_pg_variable, Desc_pg_variable);
	formrdesc(LogRelationName, Natts_pg_log, Desc_pg_log);

	/*
	 * If this isn't initdb time, then we want to initialize some index
	 * relation descriptors, as well.  The descriptors are for
	 * pg_attnumind (to make building relation descriptors fast) and
	 * possibly others, as they're added.
	 */

	if (!IsBootstrapProcessingMode())
		init_irels();

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
}

static void
AttrDefaultFetch(Relation relation)
{
	AttrDefault *attrdef = relation->rd_att->constr->defval;
	int			ndef = relation->rd_att->constr->num_defval;
	Relation	adrel;
	Relation	irel;
	ScanKeyData skey;
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	Form_pg_attrdef adform;
	IndexScanDesc sd;
	RetrieveIndexResult indexRes;
	Buffer		buffer;
	ItemPointer iptr;
	struct varlena *val;
	bool		isnull;
	int			found;
	int			i;

	ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&skey,
						   (bits16) 0x0,
						   (AttrNumber) 1,
						   (RegProcedure) F_OIDEQ,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relation->rd_id));

	adrel = heap_openr(AttrDefaultRelationName);
	irel = index_openr(AttrDefaultIndex);
	sd = index_beginscan(irel, false, 1, &skey);
	tuple = (HeapTuple) NULL;

	for (found = 0;;)
	{
		indexRes = index_getnext(sd, ForwardScanDirection);
		if (!indexRes)
			break;

		iptr = &indexRes->heap_iptr;
		tuple = heap_fetch(adrel, SnapshotNow, iptr, &buffer);
		pfree(indexRes);
		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
			continue;
		found++;
		adform = (Form_pg_attrdef) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
		for (i = 0; i < ndef; i++)
		{
			if (adform->adnum != attrdef[i].adnum)
				continue;
			if (attrdef[i].adsrc != NULL)
				elog(ERROR, "AttrDefaultFetch: second record found for attr %s in rel %s",
					relation->rd_att->attrs[adform->adnum - 1]->attname.data,
					relation->rd_rel->relname.data);

			val = (struct varlena *) fastgetattr(tuple,
												 Anum_pg_attrdef_adbin,
												 adrel->rd_att, &isnull);
			if (isnull)
				elog(ERROR, "AttrDefaultFetch: adbin IS NULL for attr %s in rel %s",
					relation->rd_att->attrs[adform->adnum - 1]->attname.data,
					relation->rd_rel->relname.data);
			attrdef[i].adbin = textout(val);
			val = (struct varlena *) fastgetattr(tuple,
												 Anum_pg_attrdef_adsrc,
												 adrel->rd_att, &isnull);
			if (isnull)
				elog(ERROR, "AttrDefaultFetch: adsrc IS NULL for attr %s in rel %s",
					relation->rd_att->attrs[adform->adnum - 1]->attname.data,
					relation->rd_rel->relname.data);
			attrdef[i].adsrc = textout(val);
			break;
		}

		if (i >= ndef)
			elog(ERROR, "AttrDefaultFetch: unexpected record found for attr %d in rel %s",
				 adform->adnum,
				 relation->rd_rel->relname.data);
		ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
	}

	if (found < ndef)
		elog(ERROR, "AttrDefaultFetch: %d record not found for rel %s",
			 ndef - found, relation->rd_rel->relname.data);

	index_endscan(sd);
	pfree(sd);
	index_close(irel);
	heap_close(adrel);

}

static void
RelCheckFetch(Relation relation)
{
	ConstrCheck *check = relation->rd_att->constr->check;
	int			ncheck = relation->rd_att->constr->num_check;
	Relation	rcrel;
	Relation	irel;
	ScanKeyData skey;
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	IndexScanDesc sd;
	RetrieveIndexResult indexRes;
	Buffer		buffer;
	ItemPointer iptr;
	Name		rcname;
	struct varlena *val;
	bool		isnull;
	int			found;

	ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&skey,
						   (bits16) 0x0,
						   (AttrNumber) 1,
						   (RegProcedure) F_OIDEQ,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relation->rd_id));

	rcrel = heap_openr(RelCheckRelationName);
	irel = index_openr(RelCheckIndex);
	sd = index_beginscan(irel, false, 1, &skey);
	tuple = (HeapTuple) NULL;

	for (found = 0;;)
	{
		indexRes = index_getnext(sd, ForwardScanDirection);
		if (!indexRes)
			break;

		iptr = &indexRes->heap_iptr;
		tuple = heap_fetch(rcrel, SnapshotNow, iptr, &buffer);
		pfree(indexRes);
		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
			continue;
		if (found == ncheck)
			elog(ERROR, "RelCheckFetch: unexpected record found for rel %s",
				relation->rd_rel->relname.data);

		rcname = (Name) fastgetattr(tuple,
									Anum_pg_relcheck_rcname,
									rcrel->rd_att, &isnull);
		if (isnull)
			elog(ERROR, "RelCheckFetch: rcname IS NULL for rel %s",
				 relation->rd_rel->relname.data);
		check[found].ccname = nameout(rcname);
		val = (struct varlena *) fastgetattr(tuple,
											 Anum_pg_relcheck_rcbin,
											 rcrel->rd_att, &isnull);
		if (isnull)
			elog(ERROR, "RelCheckFetch: rcbin IS NULL for rel %s",
				 relation->rd_rel->relname.data);
		check[found].ccbin = textout(val);
		val = (struct varlena *) fastgetattr(tuple,
											 Anum_pg_relcheck_rcsrc,
											 rcrel->rd_att, &isnull);
		if (isnull)
			elog(ERROR, "RelCheckFetch: rcsrc IS NULL for rel %s",
				 relation->rd_rel->relname.data);
		check[found].ccsrc = textout(val);
		found++;

		ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
	}

	if (found < ncheck)
		elog(ERROR, "RelCheckFetch: %d record not found for rel %s",
			 ncheck - found,
			 relation->rd_rel->relname.data);

	index_endscan(sd);
	pfree(sd);
	index_close(irel);
	heap_close(rcrel);

}

/*
 *	init_irels(), write_irels() -- handle special-case initialization of
 *								   index relation descriptors.
 *
 *		In late 1992, we started regularly having databases with more than
 *		a thousand classes in them.  With this number of classes, it became
 *		critical to do indexed lookups on the system catalogs.
 *
 *		Bootstrapping these lookups is very hard.  We want to be able to
 *		use an index on pg_attribute, for example, but in order to do so,
 *		we must have read pg_attribute for the attributes in the index,
 *		which implies that we need to use the index.
 *
 *		In order to get around the problem, we do the following:
 *
 *		   +  When the database system is initialized (at initdb time), we
 *			  don't use indices on pg_attribute.  We do sequential scans.
 *
 *		   +  When the backend is started up in normal mode, we load an image
 *			  of the appropriate relation descriptors, in internal format,
 *			  from an initialization file in the data/base/... directory.
 *
 *		   +  If the initialization file isn't there, then we create the
 *			  relation descriptor using sequential scans and write it to
 *			  the initialization file for use by subsequent backends.
 *
 *		This is complicated and interferes with system changes, but
 *		performance is so bad that we're willing to pay the tax.
 */

/* pg_attnumind, pg_classnameind, pg_classoidind */
#define Num_indices_bootstrap	3

static void
init_irels(void)
{
	Size		len;
	int			nread;
	File		fd;
	Relation	irel[Num_indices_bootstrap];
	Relation	ird;
	Form_pg_am	am;
	Form_pg_class relform;
	IndexStrategy strat;
	RegProcedure *support;
	int			i;
	int			relno;

	if ((fd = FileNameOpenFile(INIT_FILENAME, O_RDONLY, 0600)) < 0)
	{
		write_irels();
		return;
	}

	FileSeek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);

	for (relno = 0; relno < Num_indices_bootstrap; relno++)
	{
		/* first read the relation descriptor length */
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int))) != sizeof(int))
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		ird = irel[relno] = (Relation) palloc(len);
		MemSet(ird, 0, len);

		/* then, read the Relation structure */
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) ird, len)) != len)
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		/* the file descriptor is not yet opened */
		ird->rd_fd = -1;

		/* lock info is not initialized */
		ird->lockInfo = (char *) NULL;

		/* next, read the access method tuple form */
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int))) != sizeof(int))
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		am = (Form_pg_am) palloc(len);
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) am, len)) != len)
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		ird->rd_am = am;

		/* next read the relation tuple form */
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int))) != sizeof(int))
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		relform = (Form_pg_class) palloc(len);
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) relform, len)) != len)
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		ird->rd_rel = relform;

		/* initialize attribute tuple forms */
		ird->rd_att = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(relform->relnatts);

		/* next read all the attribute tuple form data entries */
		len = ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE;
		for (i = 0; i < relform->relnatts; i++)
		{
			if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int))) != sizeof(int))
			{
				write_irels();
				return;
			}

			ird->rd_att->attrs[i] = (AttributeTupleForm) palloc(len);

			if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) ird->rd_att->attrs[i], len)) != len)
			{
				write_irels();
				return;
			}
		}

		/* next, read the index strategy map */
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int))) != sizeof(int))
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		strat = (IndexStrategy) palloc(len);
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) strat, len)) != len)
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		/* oh, for god's sake... */
#define SMD(i)	strat[0].strategyMapData[i].entry[0]

		/* have to reinit the function pointers in the strategy maps */
		for (i = 0; i < am->amstrategies; i++)
			fmgr_info(SMD(i).sk_procedure,
					  &(SMD(i).sk_func));
		SMD(i).sk_nargs = SMD(i).sk_func.fn_nargs;


		/*
		 * use a real field called rd_istrat instead of the bogosity of
		 * hanging invisible fields off the end of a structure - jolly
		 */
		ird->rd_istrat = strat;

		/* finally, read the vector of support procedures */
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int))) != sizeof(int))
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		support = (RegProcedure *) palloc(len);
		if ((nread = FileRead(fd, (char *) support, len)) != len)
		{
			write_irels();
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * p += sizeof(IndexStrategy); ((RegProcedure **) p) = support;
		 */

		ird->rd_support = support;

		RelationCacheInsert(ird);
	}
}

static void
write_irels(void)
{
	int			len;
	int			nwritten;
	File		fd;
	Relation	irel[Num_indices_bootstrap];
	Relation	ird;
	Form_pg_am	am;
	Form_pg_class relform;
	IndexStrategy strat;
	RegProcedure *support;
	ProcessingMode oldmode;
	int			i;
	int			relno;
	RelationBuildDescInfo bi;

	fd = FileNameOpenFile(INIT_FILENAME, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
	if (fd < 0)
		elog(FATAL, "cannot create init file %s", INIT_FILENAME);

	FileSeek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);

	/*
	 * Build a relation descriptor for pg_attnumind without resort to the
	 * descriptor cache.  In order to do this, we set ProcessingMode to
	 * Bootstrap.  The effect of this is to disable indexed relation
	 * searches -- a necessary step, since we're trying to instantiate the
	 * index relation descriptors here.
	 */

	oldmode = GetProcessingMode();
	SetProcessingMode(BootstrapProcessing);

	bi.infotype = INFO_RELNAME;
	bi.i.info_name = AttributeNumIndex;
	irel[0] = RelationBuildDesc(bi);
	irel[0]->rd_isnailed = true;

	bi.i.info_name = ClassNameIndex;
	irel[1] = RelationBuildDesc(bi);
	irel[1]->rd_isnailed = true;

	bi.i.info_name = ClassOidIndex;
	irel[2] = RelationBuildDesc(bi);
	irel[2]->rd_isnailed = true;

	SetProcessingMode(oldmode);

	/* nail the descriptor in the cache */
	for (relno = 0; relno < Num_indices_bootstrap; relno++)
	{
		ird = irel[relno];

		/* save the volatile fields in the relation descriptor */
		am = ird->rd_am;
		ird->rd_am = (Form_pg_am) NULL;
		relform = ird->rd_rel;
		ird->rd_rel = (Form_pg_class) NULL;
		strat = ird->rd_istrat;
		support = ird->rd_support;

		/*
		 * first write the relation descriptor , excluding strategy and
		 * support
		 */
		len = sizeof(RelationData);

		/* first, write the relation descriptor length */
		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int)))
			!= sizeof(int))
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- descriptor length");

		/* next, write out the Relation structure */
		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) ird, len)) != len)
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- reldesc");

		/* next, write the access method tuple form */
		len = sizeof(FormData_pg_am);
		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int)))
			!= sizeof(int))
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- am tuple form length");

		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) am, len)) != len)
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- am tuple form");

		/* next write the relation tuple form */
		len = sizeof(FormData_pg_class);
		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int)))
			!= sizeof(int))
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- relation tuple form length");

		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) relform, len)) != len)
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- relation tuple form");

		/* next, do all the attribute tuple form data entries */
		len = ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE;
		for (i = 0; i < relform->relnatts; i++)
		{
			if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int)))
				!= sizeof(int))
				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- length of attdesc %d", i);
			if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) ird->rd_att->attrs[i], len))
				!= len)
				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- attdesc %d", i);
		}

		/* next, write the index strategy map */
		len = AttributeNumberGetIndexStrategySize(relform->relnatts,
												  am->amstrategies);
		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int)))
			!= sizeof(int))
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- strategy map length");

		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) strat, len)) != len)
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- strategy map");

		/* finally, write the vector of support procedures */
		len = relform->relnatts * (am->amsupport * sizeof(RegProcedure));
		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) &len, sizeof(int)))
			!= sizeof(int))
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- support vector length");

		if ((nwritten = FileWrite(fd, (char *) support, len)) != len)
			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- support vector");

		/* restore volatile fields */
		ird->rd_am = am;
		ird->rd_rel = relform;
	}

	FileClose(fd);
}
