/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * typecmds.c
 *	  Routines for SQL commands that manipulate types (and domains).
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2011, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
 *
 * DESCRIPTION
 *	  The "DefineFoo" routines take the parse tree and pick out the
 *	  appropriate arguments/flags, passing the results to the
 *	  corresponding "FooDefine" routines (in src/catalog) that do
 *	  the actual catalog-munging.  These routines also verify permission
 *	  of the user to execute the command.
 *
 * NOTES
 *	  These things must be defined and committed in the following order:
 *		"create function":
 *				input/output, recv/send functions
 *		"create type":
 *				type
 *		"create operator":
 *				operators
 *
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/genam.h"
#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/catalog.h"
#include "catalog/dependency.h"
#include "catalog/heap.h"
#include "catalog/indexing.h"
#include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
#include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
#include "catalog/pg_depend.h"
#include "catalog/pg_enum.h"
#include "catalog/pg_language.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc_fn.h"
#include "catalog/pg_range.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type_fn.h"
#include "commands/defrem.h"
#include "commands/tablecmds.h"
#include "commands/typecmds.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/planner.h"
#include "optimizer/var.h"
#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
#include "parser/parse_collate.h"
#include "parser/parse_expr.h"
#include "parser/parse_func.h"
#include "parser/parse_type.h"
#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/fmgroids.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"
#include "utils/tqual.h"


/* result structure for get_rels_with_domain() */
typedef struct
{
	Relation	rel;			/* opened and locked relation */
	int			natts;			/* number of attributes of interest */
	int		   *atts;			/* attribute numbers */
	/* atts[] is of allocated length RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel) */
} RelToCheck;

/* Potentially set by contrib/pg_upgrade_support functions */
Oid			binary_upgrade_next_array_pg_type_oid = InvalidOid;

static void makeRangeConstructors(const char *name, Oid namespace,
					  Oid rangeOid, Oid subtype);
static Oid	findTypeInputFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
static Oid	findTypeOutputFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
static Oid	findTypeReceiveFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
static Oid	findTypeSendFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
static Oid	findTypeTypmodinFunction(List *procname);
static Oid	findTypeTypmodoutFunction(List *procname);
static Oid	findTypeAnalyzeFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
static Oid	findRangeSubOpclass(List *opcname, Oid subtype);
static Oid	findRangeCanonicalFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
static Oid	findRangeSubtypeDiffFunction(List *procname, Oid subtype);
static void validateDomainConstraint(Oid domainoid, char *ccbin);
static List *get_rels_with_domain(Oid domainOid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void checkDomainOwner(HeapTuple tup);
static void checkEnumOwner(HeapTuple tup);
static char *domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace,
					Oid baseTypeOid,
					int typMod, Constraint *constr,
					char *domainName);


/*
 * DefineType
 *		Registers a new base type.
 */
void
DefineType(List *names, List *parameters)
{
	char	   *typeName;
	Oid			typeNamespace;
	int16		internalLength = -1;	/* default: variable-length */
	List	   *inputName = NIL;
	List	   *outputName = NIL;
	List	   *receiveName = NIL;
	List	   *sendName = NIL;
	List	   *typmodinName = NIL;
	List	   *typmodoutName = NIL;
	List	   *analyzeName = NIL;
	char		category = TYPCATEGORY_USER;
	bool		preferred = false;
	char		delimiter = DEFAULT_TYPDELIM;
	Oid			elemType = InvalidOid;
	char	   *defaultValue = NULL;
	bool		byValue = false;
	char		alignment = 'i';	/* default alignment */
	char		storage = 'p';	/* default TOAST storage method */
	Oid			collation = InvalidOid;
	DefElem    *likeTypeEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *internalLengthEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *inputNameEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *outputNameEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *receiveNameEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *sendNameEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *typmodinNameEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *typmodoutNameEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *analyzeNameEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *categoryEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *preferredEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *delimiterEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *elemTypeEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *defaultValueEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *byValueEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *alignmentEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *storageEl = NULL;
	DefElem    *collatableEl = NULL;
	Oid			inputOid;
	Oid			outputOid;
	Oid			receiveOid = InvalidOid;
	Oid			sendOid = InvalidOid;
	Oid			typmodinOid = InvalidOid;
	Oid			typmodoutOid = InvalidOid;
	Oid			analyzeOid = InvalidOid;
	char	   *array_type;
	Oid			array_oid;
	Oid			typoid;
	Oid			resulttype;
	ListCell   *pl;

	/*
	 * As of Postgres 8.4, we require superuser privilege to create a base
	 * type.  This is simple paranoia: there are too many ways to mess up the
	 * system with an incorrect type definition (for instance, representation
	 * parameters that don't match what the C code expects).  In practice it
	 * takes superuser privilege to create the I/O functions, and so the
	 * former requirement that you own the I/O functions pretty much forced
	 * superuserness anyway.  We're just making doubly sure here.
	 *
	 * XXX re-enable NOT_USED code sections below if you remove this test.
	 */
	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 errmsg("must be superuser to create a base type")));

	/* Convert list of names to a name and namespace */
	typeNamespace = QualifiedNameGetCreationNamespace(names, &typeName);

#ifdef NOT_USED
	/* XXX this is unnecessary given the superuser check above */
	/* Check we have creation rights in target namespace */
	aclresult = pg_namespace_aclcheck(typeNamespace, GetUserId(), ACL_CREATE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_NAMESPACE,
					   get_namespace_name(typeNamespace));
#endif

	/*
	 * Look to see if type already exists (presumably as a shell; if not,
	 * TypeCreate will complain).
	 */
	typoid = GetSysCacheOid2(TYPENAMENSP,
							 CStringGetDatum(typeName),
							 ObjectIdGetDatum(typeNamespace));

	/*
	 * If it's not a shell, see if it's an autogenerated array type, and if so
	 * rename it out of the way.
	 */
	if (OidIsValid(typoid) && get_typisdefined(typoid))
	{
		if (moveArrayTypeName(typoid, typeName, typeNamespace))
			typoid = InvalidOid;
	}

	/*
	 * If it doesn't exist, create it as a shell, so that the OID is known for
	 * use in the I/O function definitions.
	 */
	if (!OidIsValid(typoid))
	{
		typoid = TypeShellMake(typeName, typeNamespace, GetUserId());
		/* Make new shell type visible for modification below */
		CommandCounterIncrement();

		/*
		 * If the command was a parameterless CREATE TYPE, we're done ---
		 * creating the shell type was all we're supposed to do.
		 */
		if (parameters == NIL)
			return;
	}
	else
	{
		/* Complain if dummy CREATE TYPE and entry already exists */
		if (parameters == NIL)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("type \"%s\" already exists", typeName)));
	}

	/* Extract the parameters from the parameter list */
	foreach(pl, parameters)
	{
		DefElem    *defel = (DefElem *) lfirst(pl);
		DefElem   **defelp;

		if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "like") == 0)
			defelp = &likeTypeEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "internallength") == 0)
			defelp = &internalLengthEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "input") == 0)
			defelp = &inputNameEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "output") == 0)
			defelp = &outputNameEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "receive") == 0)
			defelp = &receiveNameEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "send") == 0)
			defelp = &sendNameEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "typmod_in") == 0)
			defelp = &typmodinNameEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "typmod_out") == 0)
			defelp = &typmodoutNameEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "analyze") == 0 ||
				 pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "analyse") == 0)
			defelp = &analyzeNameEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "category") == 0)
			defelp = &categoryEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "preferred") == 0)
			defelp = &preferredEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "delimiter") == 0)
			defelp = &delimiterEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "element") == 0)
			defelp = &elemTypeEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "default") == 0)
			defelp = &defaultValueEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "passedbyvalue") == 0)
			defelp = &byValueEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "alignment") == 0)
			defelp = &alignmentEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "storage") == 0)
			defelp = &storageEl;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "collatable") == 0)
			defelp = &collatableEl;
		else
		{
			/* WARNING, not ERROR, for historical backwards-compatibility */
			ereport(WARNING,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
					 errmsg("type attribute \"%s\" not recognized",
							defel->defname)));
			continue;
		}
		if (*defelp != NULL)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
					 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
		*defelp = defel;
	}

	/*
	 * Now interpret the options; we do this separately so that LIKE can be
	 * overridden by other options regardless of the ordering in the parameter
	 * list.
	 */
	if (likeTypeEl)
	{
		Type		likeType;
		Form_pg_type likeForm;

		likeType = typenameType(NULL, defGetTypeName(likeTypeEl), NULL);
		likeForm = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(likeType);
		internalLength = likeForm->typlen;
		byValue = likeForm->typbyval;
		alignment = likeForm->typalign;
		storage = likeForm->typstorage;
		ReleaseSysCache(likeType);
	}
	if (internalLengthEl)
		internalLength = defGetTypeLength(internalLengthEl);
	if (inputNameEl)
		inputName = defGetQualifiedName(inputNameEl);
	if (outputNameEl)
		outputName = defGetQualifiedName(outputNameEl);
	if (receiveNameEl)
		receiveName = defGetQualifiedName(receiveNameEl);
	if (sendNameEl)
		sendName = defGetQualifiedName(sendNameEl);
	if (typmodinNameEl)
		typmodinName = defGetQualifiedName(typmodinNameEl);
	if (typmodoutNameEl)
		typmodoutName = defGetQualifiedName(typmodoutNameEl);
	if (analyzeNameEl)
		analyzeName = defGetQualifiedName(analyzeNameEl);
	if (categoryEl)
	{
		char	   *p = defGetString(categoryEl);

		category = p[0];
		/* restrict to non-control ASCII */
		if (category < 32 || category > 126)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("invalid type category \"%s\": must be simple ASCII",
						p)));
	}
	if (preferredEl)
		preferred = defGetBoolean(preferredEl);
	if (delimiterEl)
	{
		char	   *p = defGetString(delimiterEl);

		delimiter = p[0];
		/* XXX shouldn't we restrict the delimiter? */
	}
	if (elemTypeEl)
	{
		elemType = typenameTypeId(NULL, defGetTypeName(elemTypeEl));
		/* disallow arrays of pseudotypes */
		if (get_typtype(elemType) == TYPTYPE_PSEUDO)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
					 errmsg("array element type cannot be %s",
							format_type_be(elemType))));
	}
	if (defaultValueEl)
		defaultValue = defGetString(defaultValueEl);
	if (byValueEl)
		byValue = defGetBoolean(byValueEl);
	if (alignmentEl)
	{
		char	   *a = defGetString(alignmentEl);

		/*
		 * Note: if argument was an unquoted identifier, parser will have
		 * applied translations to it, so be prepared to recognize translated
		 * type names as well as the nominal form.
		 */
		if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "double") == 0 ||
			pg_strcasecmp(a, "float8") == 0 ||
			pg_strcasecmp(a, "pg_catalog.float8") == 0)
			alignment = 'd';
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "int4") == 0 ||
				 pg_strcasecmp(a, "pg_catalog.int4") == 0)
			alignment = 'i';
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "int2") == 0 ||
				 pg_strcasecmp(a, "pg_catalog.int2") == 0)
			alignment = 's';
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "char") == 0 ||
				 pg_strcasecmp(a, "pg_catalog.bpchar") == 0)
			alignment = 'c';
		else
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("alignment \"%s\" not recognized", a)));
	}
	if (storageEl)
	{
		char	   *a = defGetString(storageEl);

		if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "plain") == 0)
			storage = 'p';
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "external") == 0)
			storage = 'e';
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "extended") == 0)
			storage = 'x';
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(a, "main") == 0)
			storage = 'm';
		else
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("storage \"%s\" not recognized", a)));
	}
	if (collatableEl)
		collation = defGetBoolean(collatableEl) ? DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID : InvalidOid;

	/*
	 * make sure we have our required definitions
	 */
	if (inputName == NIL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("type input function must be specified")));
	if (outputName == NIL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("type output function must be specified")));

	if (typmodinName == NIL && typmodoutName != NIL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("type modifier output function is useless without a type modifier input function")));

	/*
	 * Convert I/O proc names to OIDs
	 */
	inputOid = findTypeInputFunction(inputName, typoid);
	outputOid = findTypeOutputFunction(outputName, typoid);
	if (receiveName)
		receiveOid = findTypeReceiveFunction(receiveName, typoid);
	if (sendName)
		sendOid = findTypeSendFunction(sendName, typoid);

	/*
	 * Verify that I/O procs return the expected thing.  If we see OPAQUE,
	 * complain and change it to the correct type-safe choice.
	 */
	resulttype = get_func_rettype(inputOid);
	if (resulttype != typoid)
	{
		if (resulttype == OPAQUEOID)
		{
			/* backwards-compatibility hack */
			ereport(WARNING,
					(errmsg("changing return type of function %s from \"opaque\" to %s",
							NameListToString(inputName), typeName)));
			SetFunctionReturnType(inputOid, typoid);
		}
		else
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
					 errmsg("type input function %s must return type %s",
							NameListToString(inputName), typeName)));
	}
	resulttype = get_func_rettype(outputOid);
	if (resulttype != CSTRINGOID)
	{
		if (resulttype == OPAQUEOID)
		{
			/* backwards-compatibility hack */
			ereport(WARNING,
					(errmsg("changing return type of function %s from \"opaque\" to \"cstring\"",
							NameListToString(outputName))));
			SetFunctionReturnType(outputOid, CSTRINGOID);
		}
		else
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
			   errmsg("type output function %s must return type \"cstring\"",
					  NameListToString(outputName))));
	}
	if (receiveOid)
	{
		resulttype = get_func_rettype(receiveOid);
		if (resulttype != typoid)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
					 errmsg("type receive function %s must return type %s",
							NameListToString(receiveName), typeName)));
	}
	if (sendOid)
	{
		resulttype = get_func_rettype(sendOid);
		if (resulttype != BYTEAOID)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				   errmsg("type send function %s must return type \"bytea\"",
						  NameListToString(sendName))));
	}

	/*
	 * Convert typmodin/out function proc names to OIDs.
	 */
	if (typmodinName)
		typmodinOid = findTypeTypmodinFunction(typmodinName);
	if (typmodoutName)
		typmodoutOid = findTypeTypmodoutFunction(typmodoutName);

	/*
	 * Convert analysis function proc name to an OID. If no analysis function
	 * is specified, we'll use zero to select the built-in default algorithm.
	 */
	if (analyzeName)
		analyzeOid = findTypeAnalyzeFunction(analyzeName, typoid);

	/*
	 * Check permissions on functions.	We choose to require the creator/owner
	 * of a type to also own the underlying functions.	Since creating a type
	 * is tantamount to granting public execute access on the functions, the
	 * minimum sane check would be for execute-with-grant-option.  But we
	 * don't have a way to make the type go away if the grant option is
	 * revoked, so ownership seems better.
	 */
#ifdef NOT_USED
	/* XXX this is unnecessary given the superuser check above */
	if (inputOid && !pg_proc_ownercheck(inputOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_PROC,
					   NameListToString(inputName));
	if (outputOid && !pg_proc_ownercheck(outputOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_PROC,
					   NameListToString(outputName));
	if (receiveOid && !pg_proc_ownercheck(receiveOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_PROC,
					   NameListToString(receiveName));
	if (sendOid && !pg_proc_ownercheck(sendOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_PROC,
					   NameListToString(sendName));
	if (typmodinOid && !pg_proc_ownercheck(typmodinOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_PROC,
					   NameListToString(typmodinName));
	if (typmodoutOid && !pg_proc_ownercheck(typmodoutOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_PROC,
					   NameListToString(typmodoutName));
	if (analyzeOid && !pg_proc_ownercheck(analyzeOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_PROC,
					   NameListToString(analyzeName));
#endif

	array_oid = AssignTypeArrayOid();

	/*
	 * now have TypeCreate do all the real work.
	 *
	 * Note: the pg_type.oid is stored in user tables as array elements (base
	 * types) in ArrayType and in composite types in DatumTupleFields.	This
	 * oid must be preserved by binary upgrades.
	 */
	typoid =
		TypeCreate(InvalidOid,	/* no predetermined type OID */
				   typeName,	/* type name */
				   typeNamespace,		/* namespace */
				   InvalidOid,	/* relation oid (n/a here) */
				   0,			/* relation kind (ditto) */
				   GetUserId(), /* owner's ID */
				   internalLength,		/* internal size */
				   TYPTYPE_BASE,	/* type-type (base type) */
				   category,	/* type-category */
				   preferred,	/* is it a preferred type? */
				   delimiter,	/* array element delimiter */
				   inputOid,	/* input procedure */
				   outputOid,	/* output procedure */
				   receiveOid,	/* receive procedure */
				   sendOid,		/* send procedure */
				   typmodinOid, /* typmodin procedure */
				   typmodoutOid,	/* typmodout procedure */
				   analyzeOid,	/* analyze procedure */
				   elemType,	/* element type ID */
				   false,		/* this is not an array type */
				   array_oid,	/* array type we are about to create */
				   InvalidOid,	/* base type ID (only for domains) */
				   defaultValue,	/* default type value */
				   NULL,		/* no binary form available */
				   byValue,		/* passed by value */
				   alignment,	/* required alignment */
				   storage,		/* TOAST strategy */
				   -1,			/* typMod (Domains only) */
				   0,			/* Array Dimensions of typbasetype */
				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
				   collation);	/* type's collation */

	/*
	 * Create the array type that goes with it.
	 */
	array_type = makeArrayTypeName(typeName, typeNamespace);

	/* alignment must be 'i' or 'd' for arrays */
	alignment = (alignment == 'd') ? 'd' : 'i';

	TypeCreate(array_oid,		/* force assignment of this type OID */
			   array_type,		/* type name */
			   typeNamespace,	/* namespace */
			   InvalidOid,		/* relation oid (n/a here) */
			   0,				/* relation kind (ditto) */
			   GetUserId(),		/* owner's ID */
			   -1,				/* internal size (always varlena) */
			   TYPTYPE_BASE,	/* type-type (base type) */
			   TYPCATEGORY_ARRAY,		/* type-category (array) */
			   false,			/* array types are never preferred */
			   delimiter,		/* array element delimiter */
			   F_ARRAY_IN,		/* input procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_OUT,		/* output procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_RECV,	/* receive procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_SEND,	/* send procedure */
			   typmodinOid,		/* typmodin procedure */
			   typmodoutOid,	/* typmodout procedure */
			   InvalidOid,		/* analyze procedure - default */
			   typoid,			/* element type ID */
			   true,			/* yes this is an array type */
			   InvalidOid,		/* no further array type */
			   InvalidOid,		/* base type ID */
			   NULL,			/* never a default type value */
			   NULL,			/* binary default isn't sent either */
			   false,			/* never passed by value */
			   alignment,		/* see above */
			   'x',				/* ARRAY is always toastable */
			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
			   collation);		/* type's collation */

	pfree(array_type);
}

/*
 * Guts of type deletion.
 */
void
RemoveTypeById(Oid typeOid)
{
	Relation	relation;
	HeapTuple	tup;

	relation = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCache1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(typeOid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typeOid);

	simple_heap_delete(relation, &tup->t_self);

	/*
	 * If it is an enum, delete the pg_enum entries too; we don't bother with
	 * making dependency entries for those, so it has to be done "by hand"
	 * here.
	 */
	if (((Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup))->typtype == TYPTYPE_ENUM)
		EnumValuesDelete(typeOid);

	/*
	 * If it is a range type, delete the pg_range entry too; we don't bother
	 * with making a dependency entry for that, so it has to be done "by hand"
	 * here.
	 */
	if (((Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup))->typtype == TYPTYPE_RANGE)
		RangeDelete(typeOid);

	ReleaseSysCache(tup);

	heap_close(relation, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * DefineDomain
 *		Registers a new domain.
 */
void
DefineDomain(CreateDomainStmt *stmt)
{
	char	   *domainName;
	Oid			domainNamespace;
	AclResult	aclresult;
	int16		internalLength;
	Oid			inputProcedure;
	Oid			outputProcedure;
	Oid			receiveProcedure;
	Oid			sendProcedure;
	Oid			analyzeProcedure;
	bool		byValue;
	char		category;
	char		delimiter;
	char		alignment;
	char		storage;
	char		typtype;
	Datum		datum;
	bool		isnull;
	char	   *defaultValue = NULL;
	char	   *defaultValueBin = NULL;
	bool		saw_default = false;
	bool		typNotNull = false;
	bool		nullDefined = false;
	int32		typNDims = list_length(stmt->typeName->arrayBounds);
	HeapTuple	typeTup;
	List	   *schema = stmt->constraints;
	ListCell   *listptr;
	Oid			basetypeoid;
	Oid			domainoid;
	Oid			old_type_oid;
	Oid			domaincoll;
	Form_pg_type baseType;
	int32		basetypeMod;
	Oid			baseColl;

	/* Convert list of names to a name and namespace */
	domainNamespace = QualifiedNameGetCreationNamespace(stmt->domainname,
														&domainName);

	/* Check we have creation rights in target namespace */
	aclresult = pg_namespace_aclcheck(domainNamespace, GetUserId(),
									  ACL_CREATE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_NAMESPACE,
					   get_namespace_name(domainNamespace));

	/*
	 * Check for collision with an existing type name.	If there is one and
	 * it's an autogenerated array, we can rename it out of the way.
	 */
	old_type_oid = GetSysCacheOid2(TYPENAMENSP,
								   CStringGetDatum(domainName),
								   ObjectIdGetDatum(domainNamespace));
	if (OidIsValid(old_type_oid))
	{
		if (!moveArrayTypeName(old_type_oid, domainName, domainNamespace))
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("type \"%s\" already exists", domainName)));
	}

	/*
	 * Look up the base type.
	 */
	typeTup = typenameType(NULL, stmt->typeName, &basetypeMod);
	baseType = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTup);
	basetypeoid = HeapTupleGetOid(typeTup);

	/*
	 * Base type must be a plain base type, another domain, an enum or a range
	 * type. Domains over pseudotypes would create a security hole.  Domains
	 * over composite types might be made to work in the future, but not
	 * today.
	 */
	typtype = baseType->typtype;
	if (typtype != TYPTYPE_BASE &&
		typtype != TYPTYPE_DOMAIN &&
		typtype != TYPTYPE_ENUM &&
		typtype != TYPTYPE_RANGE)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a valid base type for a domain",
						TypeNameToString(stmt->typeName))));

	/*
	 * Identify the collation if any
	 */
	baseColl = baseType->typcollation;
	if (stmt->collClause)
		domaincoll = get_collation_oid(stmt->collClause->collname, false);
	else
		domaincoll = baseColl;

	/* Complain if COLLATE is applied to an uncollatable type */
	if (OidIsValid(domaincoll) && !OidIsValid(baseColl))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
				 errmsg("collations are not supported by type %s",
						format_type_be(basetypeoid))));

	/* passed by value */
	byValue = baseType->typbyval;

	/* Required Alignment */
	alignment = baseType->typalign;

	/* TOAST Strategy */
	storage = baseType->typstorage;

	/* Storage Length */
	internalLength = baseType->typlen;

	/* Type Category */
	category = baseType->typcategory;

	/* Array element Delimiter */
	delimiter = baseType->typdelim;

	/* I/O Functions */
	inputProcedure = F_DOMAIN_IN;
	outputProcedure = baseType->typoutput;
	receiveProcedure = F_DOMAIN_RECV;
	sendProcedure = baseType->typsend;

	/* Domains never accept typmods, so no typmodin/typmodout needed */

	/* Analysis function */
	analyzeProcedure = baseType->typanalyze;

	/* Inherited default value */
	datum = SysCacheGetAttr(TYPEOID, typeTup,
							Anum_pg_type_typdefault, &isnull);
	if (!isnull)
		defaultValue = TextDatumGetCString(datum);

	/* Inherited default binary value */
	datum = SysCacheGetAttr(TYPEOID, typeTup,
							Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin, &isnull);
	if (!isnull)
		defaultValueBin = TextDatumGetCString(datum);

	/*
	 * Run through constraints manually to avoid the additional processing
	 * conducted by DefineRelation() and friends.
	 */
	foreach(listptr, schema)
	{
		Constraint *constr = lfirst(listptr);

		if (!IsA(constr, Constraint))
			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
				 (int) nodeTag(constr));
		switch (constr->contype)
		{
			case CONSTR_DEFAULT:

				/*
				 * The inherited default value may be overridden by the user
				 * with the DEFAULT <expr> clause ... but only once.
				 */
				if (saw_default)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
							 errmsg("multiple default expressions")));
				saw_default = true;

				if (constr->raw_expr)
				{
					ParseState *pstate;
					Node	   *defaultExpr;

					/* Create a dummy ParseState for transformExpr */
					pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);

					/*
					 * Cook the constr->raw_expr into an expression. Note:
					 * name is strictly for error message
					 */
					defaultExpr = cookDefault(pstate, constr->raw_expr,
											  basetypeoid,
											  basetypeMod,
											  domainName);

					/*
					 * If the expression is just a NULL constant, we treat it
					 * like not having a default.
					 *
					 * Note that if the basetype is another domain, we'll see
					 * a CoerceToDomain expr here and not discard the default.
					 * This is critical because the domain default needs to be
					 * retained to override any default that the base domain
					 * might have.
					 */
					if (defaultExpr == NULL ||
						(IsA(defaultExpr, Const) &&
						 ((Const *) defaultExpr)->constisnull))
					{
						defaultValue = NULL;
						defaultValueBin = NULL;
					}
					else
					{
						/*
						 * Expression must be stored as a nodeToString result,
						 * but we also require a valid textual representation
						 * (mainly to make life easier for pg_dump).
						 */
						defaultValue =
							deparse_expression(defaultExpr,
											   deparse_context_for(domainName,
																 InvalidOid),
											   false, false);
						defaultValueBin = nodeToString(defaultExpr);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					/* No default (can this still happen?) */
					defaultValue = NULL;
					defaultValueBin = NULL;
				}
				break;

			case CONSTR_NOTNULL:
				if (nullDefined && !typNotNull)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						   errmsg("conflicting NULL/NOT NULL constraints")));
				typNotNull = true;
				nullDefined = true;
				break;

			case CONSTR_NULL:
				if (nullDefined && typNotNull)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						   errmsg("conflicting NULL/NOT NULL constraints")));
				typNotNull = false;
				nullDefined = true;
				break;

			case CONSTR_CHECK:

				/*
				 * Check constraints are handled after domain creation, as
				 * they require the Oid of the domain
				 */
				break;

				/*
				 * All else are error cases
				 */
			case CONSTR_UNIQUE:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
					 errmsg("unique constraints not possible for domains")));
				break;

			case CONSTR_PRIMARY:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				errmsg("primary key constraints not possible for domains")));
				break;

			case CONSTR_EXCLUSION:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				  errmsg("exclusion constraints not possible for domains")));
				break;

			case CONSTR_FOREIGN:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				errmsg("foreign key constraints not possible for domains")));
				break;

			case CONSTR_ATTR_DEFERRABLE:
			case CONSTR_ATTR_NOT_DEFERRABLE:
			case CONSTR_ATTR_DEFERRED:
			case CONSTR_ATTR_IMMEDIATE:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("specifying constraint deferrability not supported for domains")));
				break;

			default:
				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized constraint subtype: %d",
					 (int) constr->contype);
				break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Have TypeCreate do all the real work.
	 */
	domainoid =
		TypeCreate(InvalidOid,	/* no predetermined type OID */
				   domainName,	/* type name */
				   domainNamespace,		/* namespace */
				   InvalidOid,	/* relation oid (n/a here) */
				   0,			/* relation kind (ditto) */
				   GetUserId(), /* owner's ID */
				   internalLength,		/* internal size */
				   TYPTYPE_DOMAIN,		/* type-type (domain type) */
				   category,	/* type-category */
				   false,		/* domain types are never preferred */
				   delimiter,	/* array element delimiter */
				   inputProcedure,		/* input procedure */
				   outputProcedure,		/* output procedure */
				   receiveProcedure,	/* receive procedure */
				   sendProcedure,		/* send procedure */
				   InvalidOid,	/* typmodin procedure - none */
				   InvalidOid,	/* typmodout procedure - none */
				   analyzeProcedure,	/* analyze procedure */
				   InvalidOid,	/* no array element type */
				   false,		/* this isn't an array */
				   InvalidOid,	/* no arrays for domains (yet) */
				   basetypeoid, /* base type ID */
				   defaultValue,	/* default type value (text) */
				   defaultValueBin,		/* default type value (binary) */
				   byValue,		/* passed by value */
				   alignment,	/* required alignment */
				   storage,		/* TOAST strategy */
				   basetypeMod, /* typeMod value */
				   typNDims,	/* Array dimensions for base type */
				   typNotNull,	/* Type NOT NULL */
				   domaincoll); /* type's collation */

	/*
	 * Process constraints which refer to the domain ID returned by TypeCreate
	 */
	foreach(listptr, schema)
	{
		Constraint *constr = lfirst(listptr);

		/* it must be a Constraint, per check above */

		switch (constr->contype)
		{
			case CONSTR_CHECK:
				domainAddConstraint(domainoid, domainNamespace,
									basetypeoid, basetypeMod,
									constr, domainName);
				break;

				/* Other constraint types were fully processed above */

			default:
				break;
		}

		/* CCI so we can detect duplicate constraint names */
		CommandCounterIncrement();
	}

	/*
	 * Now we can clean up.
	 */
	ReleaseSysCache(typeTup);
}


/*
 * DefineEnum
 *		Registers a new enum.
 */
void
DefineEnum(CreateEnumStmt *stmt)
{
	char	   *enumName;
	char	   *enumArrayName;
	Oid			enumNamespace;
	Oid			enumTypeOid;
	AclResult	aclresult;
	Oid			old_type_oid;
	Oid			enumArrayOid;

	/* Convert list of names to a name and namespace */
	enumNamespace = QualifiedNameGetCreationNamespace(stmt->typeName,
													  &enumName);

	/* Check we have creation rights in target namespace */
	aclresult = pg_namespace_aclcheck(enumNamespace, GetUserId(), ACL_CREATE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_NAMESPACE,
					   get_namespace_name(enumNamespace));

	/*
	 * Check for collision with an existing type name.	If there is one and
	 * it's an autogenerated array, we can rename it out of the way.
	 */
	old_type_oid = GetSysCacheOid2(TYPENAMENSP,
								   CStringGetDatum(enumName),
								   ObjectIdGetDatum(enumNamespace));
	if (OidIsValid(old_type_oid))
	{
		if (!moveArrayTypeName(old_type_oid, enumName, enumNamespace))
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("type \"%s\" already exists", enumName)));
	}

	enumArrayOid = AssignTypeArrayOid();

	/* Create the pg_type entry */
	enumTypeOid =
		TypeCreate(InvalidOid,	/* no predetermined type OID */
				   enumName,	/* type name */
				   enumNamespace,		/* namespace */
				   InvalidOid,	/* relation oid (n/a here) */
				   0,			/* relation kind (ditto) */
				   GetUserId(), /* owner's ID */
				   sizeof(Oid), /* internal size */
				   TYPTYPE_ENUM,	/* type-type (enum type) */
				   TYPCATEGORY_ENUM,	/* type-category (enum type) */
				   false,		/* enum types are never preferred */
				   DEFAULT_TYPDELIM,	/* array element delimiter */
				   F_ENUM_IN,	/* input procedure */
				   F_ENUM_OUT,	/* output procedure */
				   F_ENUM_RECV, /* receive procedure */
				   F_ENUM_SEND, /* send procedure */
				   InvalidOid,	/* typmodin procedure - none */
				   InvalidOid,	/* typmodout procedure - none */
				   InvalidOid,	/* analyze procedure - default */
				   InvalidOid,	/* element type ID */
				   false,		/* this is not an array type */
				   enumArrayOid,	/* array type we are about to create */
				   InvalidOid,	/* base type ID (only for domains) */
				   NULL,		/* never a default type value */
				   NULL,		/* binary default isn't sent either */
				   true,		/* always passed by value */
				   'i',			/* int alignment */
				   'p',			/* TOAST strategy always plain */
				   -1,			/* typMod (Domains only) */
				   0,			/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
				   InvalidOid); /* type's collation */

	/* Enter the enum's values into pg_enum */
	EnumValuesCreate(enumTypeOid, stmt->vals);

	/*
	 * Create the array type that goes with it.
	 */
	enumArrayName = makeArrayTypeName(enumName, enumNamespace);

	TypeCreate(enumArrayOid,	/* force assignment of this type OID */
			   enumArrayName,	/* type name */
			   enumNamespace,	/* namespace */
			   InvalidOid,		/* relation oid (n/a here) */
			   0,				/* relation kind (ditto) */
			   GetUserId(),		/* owner's ID */
			   -1,				/* internal size (always varlena) */
			   TYPTYPE_BASE,	/* type-type (base type) */
			   TYPCATEGORY_ARRAY,		/* type-category (array) */
			   false,			/* array types are never preferred */
			   DEFAULT_TYPDELIM,	/* array element delimiter */
			   F_ARRAY_IN,		/* input procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_OUT,		/* output procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_RECV,	/* receive procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_SEND,	/* send procedure */
			   InvalidOid,		/* typmodin procedure - none */
			   InvalidOid,		/* typmodout procedure - none */
			   InvalidOid,		/* analyze procedure - default */
			   enumTypeOid,		/* element type ID */
			   true,			/* yes this is an array type */
			   InvalidOid,		/* no further array type */
			   InvalidOid,		/* base type ID */
			   NULL,			/* never a default type value */
			   NULL,			/* binary default isn't sent either */
			   false,			/* never passed by value */
			   'i',				/* enums have align i, so do their arrays */
			   'x',				/* ARRAY is always toastable */
			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
			   InvalidOid);		/* type's collation */

	pfree(enumArrayName);
}

/*
 * AlterEnum
 *		Adds a new label to an existing enum.
 */
void
AlterEnum(AlterEnumStmt *stmt)
{
	Oid			enum_type_oid;
	TypeName   *typename;
	HeapTuple	tup;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(stmt->typeName);
	enum_type_oid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	tup = SearchSysCache1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(enum_type_oid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", enum_type_oid);

	/* Check it's an enum and check user has permission to ALTER the enum */
	checkEnumOwner(tup);

	/* Add the new label */
	AddEnumLabel(enum_type_oid, stmt->newVal,
				 stmt->newValNeighbor, stmt->newValIsAfter);

	ReleaseSysCache(tup);
}


/*
 * checkEnumOwner
 *
 * Check that the type is actually an enum and that the current user
 * has permission to do ALTER TYPE on it.  Throw an error if not.
 */
static void
checkEnumOwner(HeapTuple tup)
{
	Form_pg_type typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/* Check that this is actually an enum */
	if (typTup->typtype != TYPTYPE_ENUM)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("%s is not an enum",
						format_type_be(HeapTupleGetOid(tup)))));

	/* Permission check: must own type */
	if (!pg_type_ownercheck(HeapTupleGetOid(tup), GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_TYPE,
					   format_type_be(HeapTupleGetOid(tup)));
}


/*
 * DefineRange
 *		Registers a new range type.
 */
void
DefineRange(CreateRangeStmt *stmt)
{
	char	   *typeName;
	Oid			typeNamespace;
	Oid			typoid;
	char	   *rangeArrayName;
	Oid			rangeArrayOid;
	Oid			rangeSubtype = InvalidOid;
	List	   *rangeSubOpclassName = NIL;
	List	   *rangeCollationName = NIL;
	List	   *rangeCanonicalName = NIL;
	List	   *rangeSubtypeDiffName = NIL;
	Oid			rangeSubOpclass;
	Oid			rangeCollation;
	regproc		rangeCanonical;
	regproc		rangeSubtypeDiff;
	int16		subtyplen;
	bool		subtypbyval;
	char		subtypalign;
	char		alignment;
	AclResult	aclresult;
	ListCell   *lc;

	/* Convert list of names to a name and namespace */
	typeNamespace = QualifiedNameGetCreationNamespace(stmt->typeName,
													  &typeName);

	/* Check we have creation rights in target namespace */
	aclresult = pg_namespace_aclcheck(typeNamespace, GetUserId(), ACL_CREATE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_NAMESPACE,
					   get_namespace_name(typeNamespace));

	/*
	 * Look to see if type already exists.
	 */
	typoid = GetSysCacheOid2(TYPENAMENSP,
							 CStringGetDatum(typeName),
							 ObjectIdGetDatum(typeNamespace));

	/*
	 * If it's not a shell, see if it's an autogenerated array type, and if so
	 * rename it out of the way.
	 */
	if (OidIsValid(typoid) && get_typisdefined(typoid))
	{
		if (moveArrayTypeName(typoid, typeName, typeNamespace))
			typoid = InvalidOid;
		else
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("type \"%s\" already exists", typeName)));
	}

	/*
	 * If it doesn't exist, create it as a shell, so that the OID is known for
	 * use in the range function definitions.
	 */
	if (!OidIsValid(typoid))
	{
		typoid = TypeShellMake(typeName, typeNamespace, GetUserId());
		/* Make new shell type visible for modification below */
		CommandCounterIncrement();
	}

	/* Extract the parameters from the parameter list */
	foreach(lc, stmt->params)
	{
		DefElem    *defel = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);

		if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "subtype") == 0)
		{
			if (OidIsValid(rangeSubtype))
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
			/* we can look up the subtype name immediately */
			rangeSubtype = typenameTypeId(NULL, defGetTypeName(defel));
		}
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "subtype_opclass") == 0)
		{
			if (rangeSubOpclassName != NIL)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
			rangeSubOpclassName = defGetQualifiedName(defel);
		}
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "collation") == 0)
		{
			if (rangeCollationName != NIL)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
			rangeCollationName = defGetQualifiedName(defel);
		}
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "canonical") == 0)
		{
			if (rangeCanonicalName != NIL)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
			rangeCanonicalName = defGetQualifiedName(defel);
		}
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(defel->defname, "subtype_diff") == 0)
		{
			if (rangeSubtypeDiffName != NIL)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
			rangeSubtypeDiffName = defGetQualifiedName(defel);
		}
		else
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
					 errmsg("type attribute \"%s\" not recognized",
							defel->defname)));
	}

	/* Must have a subtype */
	if (!OidIsValid(rangeSubtype))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				 errmsg("type attribute \"subtype\" is required")));
	/* disallow ranges of pseudotypes */
	if (get_typtype(rangeSubtype) == TYPTYPE_PSEUDO)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
				 errmsg("range subtype cannot be %s",
						format_type_be(rangeSubtype))));

	/* Identify subopclass */
	rangeSubOpclass = findRangeSubOpclass(rangeSubOpclassName, rangeSubtype);

	/* Identify collation to use, if any */
	if (type_is_collatable(rangeSubtype))
	{
		if (rangeCollationName != NIL)
			rangeCollation = get_collation_oid(rangeCollationName, false);
		else
			rangeCollation = get_typcollation(rangeSubtype);
	}
	else
	{
		if (rangeCollationName != NIL)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
					 errmsg("range collation specified but subtype does not support collation")));
		rangeCollation = InvalidOid;
	}

	/* Identify support functions, if provided */
	if (rangeCanonicalName != NIL)
		rangeCanonical = findRangeCanonicalFunction(rangeCanonicalName,
													typoid);
	else
		rangeCanonical = InvalidOid;

	if (rangeSubtypeDiffName != NIL)
		rangeSubtypeDiff = findRangeSubtypeDiffFunction(rangeSubtypeDiffName,
														rangeSubtype);
	else
		rangeSubtypeDiff = InvalidOid;

	get_typlenbyvalalign(rangeSubtype,
						 &subtyplen, &subtypbyval, &subtypalign);

	/* alignment must be 'i' or 'd' for ranges */
	alignment = (subtypalign == 'd') ? 'd' : 'i';

	/* Allocate OID for array type */
	rangeArrayOid = AssignTypeArrayOid();

	/* Create the pg_type entry */
	typoid =
		TypeCreate(InvalidOid,	/* no predetermined type OID */
				   typeName,	/* type name */
				   typeNamespace,		/* namespace */
				   InvalidOid,	/* relation oid (n/a here) */
				   0,			/* relation kind (ditto) */
				   GetUserId(), /* owner's ID */
				   -1,			/* internal size (always varlena) */
				   TYPTYPE_RANGE,		/* type-type (range type) */
				   TYPCATEGORY_RANGE,	/* type-category (range type) */
				   false,		/* range types are never preferred */
				   DEFAULT_TYPDELIM,	/* array element delimiter */
				   F_RANGE_IN,	/* input procedure */
				   F_RANGE_OUT, /* output procedure */
				   F_RANGE_RECV,	/* receive procedure */
				   F_RANGE_SEND,	/* send procedure */
				   InvalidOid,	/* typmodin procedure - none */
				   InvalidOid,	/* typmodout procedure - none */
				   F_RANGE_TYPANALYZE,	/* analyze procedure */
				   InvalidOid,	/* element type ID - none */
				   false,		/* this is not an array type */
				   rangeArrayOid,		/* array type we are about to create */
				   InvalidOid,	/* base type ID (only for domains) */
				   NULL,		/* never a default type value */
				   NULL,		/* no binary form available either */
				   false,		/* never passed by value */
				   alignment,	/* alignment */
				   'x',			/* TOAST strategy (always extended) */
				   -1,			/* typMod (Domains only) */
				   0,			/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
				   InvalidOid); /* type's collation (ranges never have one) */

	/* Create the entry in pg_range */
	RangeCreate(typoid, rangeSubtype, rangeCollation, rangeSubOpclass,
				rangeCanonical, rangeSubtypeDiff);

	/*
	 * Create the array type that goes with it.
	 */
	rangeArrayName = makeArrayTypeName(typeName, typeNamespace);

	TypeCreate(rangeArrayOid,	/* force assignment of this type OID */
			   rangeArrayName,	/* type name */
			   typeNamespace,	/* namespace */
			   InvalidOid,		/* relation oid (n/a here) */
			   0,				/* relation kind (ditto) */
			   GetUserId(),		/* owner's ID */
			   -1,				/* internal size (always varlena) */
			   TYPTYPE_BASE,	/* type-type (base type) */
			   TYPCATEGORY_ARRAY,		/* type-category (array) */
			   false,			/* array types are never preferred */
			   DEFAULT_TYPDELIM,	/* array element delimiter */
			   F_ARRAY_IN,		/* input procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_OUT,		/* output procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_RECV,	/* receive procedure */
			   F_ARRAY_SEND,	/* send procedure */
			   InvalidOid,		/* typmodin procedure - none */
			   InvalidOid,		/* typmodout procedure - none */
			   InvalidOid,		/* analyze procedure - default */
			   typoid,			/* element type ID */
			   true,			/* yes this is an array type */
			   InvalidOid,		/* no further array type */
			   InvalidOid,		/* base type ID */
			   NULL,			/* never a default type value */
			   NULL,			/* binary default isn't sent either */
			   false,			/* never passed by value */
			   alignment,		/* alignment - same as range's */
			   'x',				/* ARRAY is always toastable */
			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
			   InvalidOid);		/* typcollation */

	pfree(rangeArrayName);

	/* And create the constructor functions for this range type */
	makeRangeConstructors(typeName, typeNamespace, typoid, rangeSubtype);
}

/*
 * Because there may exist several range types over the same subtype, the
 * range type can't be uniquely determined from the subtype.  So it's
 * impossible to define a polymorphic constructor; we have to generate new
 * constructor functions explicitly for each range type.
 *
 * We actually define 4 functions, with 0 through 3 arguments.  This is just
 * to offer more convenience for the user.
 */
static void
makeRangeConstructors(const char *name, Oid namespace,
					  Oid rangeOid, Oid subtype)
{
	static const char * const prosrc[2] = {"range_constructor2",
										   "range_constructor3"};
	static const int pronargs[2] = {2, 3};

	Oid			constructorArgTypes[3];
	ObjectAddress myself,
				referenced;
	int			i;

	constructorArgTypes[0] = subtype;
	constructorArgTypes[1] = subtype;
	constructorArgTypes[2] = TEXTOID;

	referenced.classId = TypeRelationId;
	referenced.objectId = rangeOid;
	referenced.objectSubId = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < lengthof(prosrc); i++)
	{
		oidvector  *constructorArgTypesVector;
		Oid			procOid;

		constructorArgTypesVector = buildoidvector(constructorArgTypes,
												   pronargs[i]);

		procOid = ProcedureCreate(name,			/* name: same as range type */
								  namespace,	/* namespace */
								  false,		/* replace */
								  false,		/* returns set */
								  rangeOid,		/* return type */
								  INTERNALlanguageId,	/* language */
								  F_FMGR_INTERNAL_VALIDATOR,	/* language validator */
								  prosrc[i],	/* prosrc */
								  NULL,			/* probin */
								  false,		/* isAgg */
								  false,		/* isWindowFunc */
								  false,		/* security_definer */
								  false,		/* isStrict */
								  PROVOLATILE_IMMUTABLE,		/* volatility */
								  constructorArgTypesVector,	/* parameterTypes */
								  PointerGetDatum(NULL),		/* allParameterTypes */
								  PointerGetDatum(NULL),		/* parameterModes */
								  PointerGetDatum(NULL),		/* parameterNames */
								  NIL,	/* parameterDefaults */
								  PointerGetDatum(NULL),		/* proconfig */
								  1.0,	/* procost */
								  0.0); /* prorows */

		/*
		 * Make the constructors internally-dependent on the range type so
		 * that they go away silently when the type is dropped.  Note that
		 * pg_dump depends on this choice to avoid dumping the constructors.
		 */
		myself.classId = ProcedureRelationId;
		myself.objectId = procOid;
		myself.objectSubId = 0;

		recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_INTERNAL);
	}
}


/*
 * Find suitable I/O functions for a type.
 *
 * typeOid is the type's OID (which will already exist, if only as a shell
 * type).
 */

static Oid
findTypeInputFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
{
	Oid			argList[3];
	Oid			procOid;

	/*
	 * Input functions can take a single argument of type CSTRING, or three
	 * arguments (string, typioparam OID, typmod).
	 *
	 * For backwards compatibility we allow OPAQUE in place of CSTRING; if we
	 * see this, we issue a warning and fix up the pg_proc entry.
	 */
	argList[0] = CSTRINGOID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);
	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
		return procOid;

	argList[1] = OIDOID;
	argList[2] = INT4OID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 3, argList, true);
	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
		return procOid;

	/* No luck, try it with OPAQUE */
	argList[0] = OPAQUEOID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);

	if (!OidIsValid(procOid))
	{
		argList[1] = OIDOID;
		argList[2] = INT4OID;

		procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 3, argList, true);
	}

	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
	{
		/* Found, but must complain and fix the pg_proc entry */
		ereport(WARNING,
				(errmsg("changing argument type of function %s from \"opaque\" to \"cstring\"",
						NameListToString(procname))));
		SetFunctionArgType(procOid, 0, CSTRINGOID);

		/*
		 * Need CommandCounterIncrement since DefineType will likely try to
		 * alter the pg_proc tuple again.
		 */
		CommandCounterIncrement();

		return procOid;
	}

	/* Use CSTRING (preferred) in the error message */
	argList[0] = CSTRINGOID;

	ereport(ERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
			 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
					func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	return InvalidOid;			/* keep compiler quiet */
}

static Oid
findTypeOutputFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
{
	Oid			argList[1];
	Oid			procOid;

	/*
	 * Output functions can take a single argument of the type.
	 *
	 * For backwards compatibility we allow OPAQUE in place of the actual type
	 * name; if we see this, we issue a warning and fix up the pg_proc entry.
	 */
	argList[0] = typeOid;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);
	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
		return procOid;

	/* No luck, try it with OPAQUE */
	argList[0] = OPAQUEOID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);

	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
	{
		/* Found, but must complain and fix the pg_proc entry */
		ereport(WARNING,
		(errmsg("changing argument type of function %s from \"opaque\" to %s",
				NameListToString(procname), format_type_be(typeOid))));
		SetFunctionArgType(procOid, 0, typeOid);

		/*
		 * Need CommandCounterIncrement since DefineType will likely try to
		 * alter the pg_proc tuple again.
		 */
		CommandCounterIncrement();

		return procOid;
	}

	/* Use type name, not OPAQUE, in the failure message. */
	argList[0] = typeOid;

	ereport(ERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
			 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
					func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	return InvalidOid;			/* keep compiler quiet */
}

static Oid
findTypeReceiveFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
{
	Oid			argList[3];
	Oid			procOid;

	/*
	 * Receive functions can take a single argument of type INTERNAL, or three
	 * arguments (internal, typioparam OID, typmod).
	 */
	argList[0] = INTERNALOID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);
	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
		return procOid;

	argList[1] = OIDOID;
	argList[2] = INT4OID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 3, argList, true);
	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
		return procOid;

	ereport(ERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
			 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
					func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	return InvalidOid;			/* keep compiler quiet */
}

static Oid
findTypeSendFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
{
	Oid			argList[1];
	Oid			procOid;

	/*
	 * Send functions can take a single argument of the type.
	 */
	argList[0] = typeOid;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);
	if (OidIsValid(procOid))
		return procOid;

	ereport(ERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
			 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
					func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	return InvalidOid;			/* keep compiler quiet */
}

static Oid
findTypeTypmodinFunction(List *procname)
{
	Oid			argList[1];
	Oid			procOid;

	/*
	 * typmodin functions always take one cstring[] argument and return int4.
	 */
	argList[0] = CSTRINGARRAYOID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);
	if (!OidIsValid(procOid))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
				 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
						func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	if (get_func_rettype(procOid) != INT4OID)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("typmod_in function %s must return type \"integer\"",
						NameListToString(procname))));

	return procOid;
}

static Oid
findTypeTypmodoutFunction(List *procname)
{
	Oid			argList[1];
	Oid			procOid;

	/*
	 * typmodout functions always take one int4 argument and return cstring.
	 */
	argList[0] = INT4OID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);
	if (!OidIsValid(procOid))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
				 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
						func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	if (get_func_rettype(procOid) != CSTRINGOID)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("typmod_out function %s must return type \"cstring\"",
						NameListToString(procname))));

	return procOid;
}

static Oid
findTypeAnalyzeFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
{
	Oid			argList[1];
	Oid			procOid;

	/*
	 * Analyze functions always take one INTERNAL argument and return bool.
	 */
	argList[0] = INTERNALOID;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);
	if (!OidIsValid(procOid))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
				 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
						func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	if (get_func_rettype(procOid) != BOOLOID)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
			  errmsg("type analyze function %s must return type \"boolean\"",
					 NameListToString(procname))));

	return procOid;
}

/*
 * Find suitable support functions and opclasses for a range type.
 */

/*
 * Find named btree opclass for subtype, or default btree opclass if
 * opcname is NIL.
 */
static Oid
findRangeSubOpclass(List *opcname, Oid subtype)
{
	Oid			opcid;
	Oid			opInputType;

	if (opcname != NIL)
	{
		opcid = get_opclass_oid(BTREE_AM_OID, opcname, false);

		/*
		 * Verify that the operator class accepts this datatype. Note we will
		 * accept binary compatibility.
		 */
		opInputType = get_opclass_input_type(opcid);
		if (!IsBinaryCoercible(subtype, opInputType))
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
					 errmsg("operator class \"%s\" does not accept data type %s",
							NameListToString(opcname),
							format_type_be(subtype))));
	}
	else
	{
		opcid = GetDefaultOpClass(subtype, BTREE_AM_OID);
		if (!OidIsValid(opcid))
		{
			/* We spell the error message identically to GetIndexOpClass */
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("data type %s has no default operator class for access method \"%s\"",
							format_type_be(subtype), "btree"),
					 errhint("You must specify an operator class for the range type or define a default operator class for the subtype.")));
		}
	}

	return opcid;
}

static Oid
findRangeCanonicalFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
{
	Oid			argList[1];
	Oid			procOid;
	AclResult	aclresult;

	/*
	 * Range canonical functions must take and return the range type, and must
	 * be immutable.
	 */
	argList[0] = typeOid;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 1, argList, true);

	if (!OidIsValid(procOid))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
				 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
						func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	if (get_func_rettype(procOid) != typeOid)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("range canonical function %s must return range type",
						func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	if (func_volatile(procOid) != PROVOLATILE_IMMUTABLE)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("range canonical function %s must be immutable",
						func_signature_string(procname, 1, NIL, argList))));

	/* Also, range type's creator must have permission to call function */
	aclresult = pg_proc_aclcheck(procOid, GetUserId(), ACL_EXECUTE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_PROC, get_func_name(procOid));

	return procOid;
}

static Oid
findRangeSubtypeDiffFunction(List *procname, Oid subtype)
{
	Oid			argList[2];
	Oid			procOid;
	AclResult	aclresult;

	/*
	 * Range subtype diff functions must take two arguments of the subtype,
	 * must return float8, and must be immutable.
	 */
	argList[0] = subtype;
	argList[1] = subtype;

	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 2, argList, true);

	if (!OidIsValid(procOid))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
				 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
						func_signature_string(procname, 2, NIL, argList))));

	if (get_func_rettype(procOid) != FLOAT8OID)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("range subtype diff function %s must return type double precision",
						func_signature_string(procname, 2, NIL, argList))));

	if (func_volatile(procOid) != PROVOLATILE_IMMUTABLE)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
				 errmsg("range subtype diff function %s must be immutable",
						func_signature_string(procname, 2, NIL, argList))));

	/* Also, range type's creator must have permission to call function */
	aclresult = pg_proc_aclcheck(procOid, GetUserId(), ACL_EXECUTE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_PROC, get_func_name(procOid));

	return procOid;
}

/*
 *	AssignTypeArrayOid
 *
 *	Pre-assign the type's array OID for use in pg_type.typarray
 */
Oid
AssignTypeArrayOid(void)
{
	Oid			type_array_oid;

	/* Use binary-upgrade override for pg_type.typarray, if supplied. */
	if (IsBinaryUpgrade && OidIsValid(binary_upgrade_next_array_pg_type_oid))
	{
		type_array_oid = binary_upgrade_next_array_pg_type_oid;
		binary_upgrade_next_array_pg_type_oid = InvalidOid;
	}
	else
	{
		Relation	pg_type = heap_open(TypeRelationId, AccessShareLock);

		type_array_oid = GetNewOid(pg_type);
		heap_close(pg_type, AccessShareLock);
	}

	return type_array_oid;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------
 * DefineCompositeType
 *
 * Create a Composite Type relation.
 * `DefineRelation' does all the work, we just provide the correct
 * arguments!
 *
 * If the relation already exists, then 'DefineRelation' will abort
 * the xact...
 *
 * DefineCompositeType returns relid for use when creating
 * an implicit composite type during function creation
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
Oid
DefineCompositeType(const RangeVar *typevar, List *coldeflist)
{
	CreateStmt *createStmt = makeNode(CreateStmt);
	Oid			old_type_oid;
	Oid			typeNamespace;
	Oid			relid;

	/*
	 * now set the parameters for keys/inheritance etc. All of these are
	 * uninteresting for composite types...
	 */
	createStmt->relation = (RangeVar *) typevar;
	createStmt->tableElts = coldeflist;
	createStmt->inhRelations = NIL;
	createStmt->constraints = NIL;
	createStmt->options = list_make1(defWithOids(false));
	createStmt->oncommit = ONCOMMIT_NOOP;
	createStmt->tablespacename = NULL;
	createStmt->if_not_exists = false;

	/*
	 * Check for collision with an existing type name. If there is one and
	 * it's an autogenerated array, we can rename it out of the way.  This
	 * check is here mainly to get a better error message about a "type"
	 * instead of below about a "relation".
	 */
	typeNamespace = RangeVarGetCreationNamespace(createStmt->relation);
	RangeVarAdjustRelationPersistence(createStmt->relation, typeNamespace);
	old_type_oid =
		GetSysCacheOid2(TYPENAMENSP,
						CStringGetDatum(createStmt->relation->relname),
						ObjectIdGetDatum(typeNamespace));
	if (OidIsValid(old_type_oid))
	{
		if (!moveArrayTypeName(old_type_oid, createStmt->relation->relname, typeNamespace))
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("type \"%s\" already exists", createStmt->relation->relname)));
	}

	/*
	 * Finally create the relation.  This also creates the type.
	 */
	relid = DefineRelation(createStmt, RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE, InvalidOid);
	Assert(relid != InvalidOid);
	return relid;
}

/*
 * AlterDomainDefault
 *
 * Routine implementing ALTER DOMAIN SET/DROP DEFAULT statements.
 */
void
AlterDomainDefault(List *names, Node *defaultRaw)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			domainoid;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	ParseState *pstate;
	Relation	rel;
	char	   *defaultValue;
	Node	   *defaultExpr = NULL;		/* NULL if no default specified */
	Datum		new_record[Natts_pg_type];
	bool		new_record_nulls[Natts_pg_type];
	bool		new_record_repl[Natts_pg_type];
	HeapTuple	newtuple;
	Form_pg_type typTup;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);
	domainoid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	/* Look up the domain in the type table */
	rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(domainoid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", domainoid);
	typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/* Check it's a domain and check user has permission for ALTER DOMAIN */
	checkDomainOwner(tup);

	/* Setup new tuple */
	MemSet(new_record, (Datum) 0, sizeof(new_record));
	MemSet(new_record_nulls, false, sizeof(new_record_nulls));
	MemSet(new_record_repl, false, sizeof(new_record_repl));

	/* Store the new default into the tuple */
	if (defaultRaw)
	{
		/* Create a dummy ParseState for transformExpr */
		pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);

		/*
		 * Cook the colDef->raw_expr into an expression. Note: Name is
		 * strictly for error message
		 */
		defaultExpr = cookDefault(pstate, defaultRaw,
								  typTup->typbasetype,
								  typTup->typtypmod,
								  NameStr(typTup->typname));

		/*
		 * If the expression is just a NULL constant, we treat the command
		 * like ALTER ... DROP DEFAULT.  (But see note for same test in
		 * DefineDomain.)
		 */
		if (defaultExpr == NULL ||
			(IsA(defaultExpr, Const) &&((Const *) defaultExpr)->constisnull))
		{
			/* Default is NULL, drop it */
			new_record_nulls[Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin - 1] = true;
			new_record_repl[Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin - 1] = true;
			new_record_nulls[Anum_pg_type_typdefault - 1] = true;
			new_record_repl[Anum_pg_type_typdefault - 1] = true;
		}
		else
		{
			/*
			 * Expression must be stored as a nodeToString result, but we also
			 * require a valid textual representation (mainly to make life
			 * easier for pg_dump).
			 */
			defaultValue = deparse_expression(defaultExpr,
								deparse_context_for(NameStr(typTup->typname),
													InvalidOid),
											  false, false);

			/*
			 * Form an updated tuple with the new default and write it back.
			 */
			new_record[Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin - 1] = CStringGetTextDatum(nodeToString(defaultExpr));

			new_record_repl[Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin - 1] = true;
			new_record[Anum_pg_type_typdefault - 1] = CStringGetTextDatum(defaultValue);
			new_record_repl[Anum_pg_type_typdefault - 1] = true;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		/* ALTER ... DROP DEFAULT */
		new_record_nulls[Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin - 1] = true;
		new_record_repl[Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin - 1] = true;
		new_record_nulls[Anum_pg_type_typdefault - 1] = true;
		new_record_repl[Anum_pg_type_typdefault - 1] = true;
	}

	newtuple = heap_modify_tuple(tup, RelationGetDescr(rel),
								 new_record, new_record_nulls,
								 new_record_repl);

	simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, newtuple);

	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, newtuple);

	/* Rebuild dependencies */
	GenerateTypeDependencies(typTup->typnamespace,
							 domainoid,
							 InvalidOid,		/* typrelid is n/a */
							 0, /* relation kind is n/a */
							 typTup->typowner,
							 typTup->typinput,
							 typTup->typoutput,
							 typTup->typreceive,
							 typTup->typsend,
							 typTup->typmodin,
							 typTup->typmodout,
							 typTup->typanalyze,
							 InvalidOid,
							 false,		/* a domain isn't an implicit array */
							 typTup->typbasetype,
							 typTup->typcollation,
							 defaultExpr,
							 true);		/* Rebuild is true */

	/* Clean up */
	heap_close(rel, NoLock);
	heap_freetuple(newtuple);
}

/*
 * AlterDomainNotNull
 *
 * Routine implementing ALTER DOMAIN SET/DROP NOT NULL statements.
 */
void
AlterDomainNotNull(List *names, bool notNull)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			domainoid;
	Relation	typrel;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Form_pg_type typTup;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);
	domainoid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	/* Look up the domain in the type table */
	typrel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(domainoid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", domainoid);
	typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/* Check it's a domain and check user has permission for ALTER DOMAIN */
	checkDomainOwner(tup);

	/* Is the domain already set to the desired constraint? */
	if (typTup->typnotnull == notNull)
	{
		heap_close(typrel, RowExclusiveLock);
		return;
	}

	/* Adding a NOT NULL constraint requires checking existing columns */
	if (notNull)
	{
		List	   *rels;
		ListCell   *rt;

		/* Fetch relation list with attributes based on this domain */
		/* ShareLock is sufficient to prevent concurrent data changes */

		rels = get_rels_with_domain(domainoid, ShareLock);

		foreach(rt, rels)
		{
			RelToCheck *rtc = (RelToCheck *) lfirst(rt);
			Relation	testrel = rtc->rel;
			TupleDesc	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(testrel);
			HeapScanDesc scan;
			HeapTuple	tuple;

			/* Scan all tuples in this relation */
			scan = heap_beginscan(testrel, SnapshotNow, 0, NULL);
			while ((tuple = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
			{
				int			i;

				/* Test attributes that are of the domain */
				for (i = 0; i < rtc->natts; i++)
				{
					int			attnum = rtc->atts[i];

					if (heap_attisnull(tuple, attnum))
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_NOT_NULL_VIOLATION),
								 errmsg("column \"%s\" of table \"%s\" contains null values",
								NameStr(tupdesc->attrs[attnum - 1]->attname),
										RelationGetRelationName(testrel))));
				}
			}
			heap_endscan(scan);

			/* Close each rel after processing, but keep lock */
			heap_close(testrel, NoLock);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Okay to update pg_type row.	We can scribble on typTup because it's a
	 * copy.
	 */
	typTup->typnotnull = notNull;

	simple_heap_update(typrel, &tup->t_self, tup);

	CatalogUpdateIndexes(typrel, tup);

	/* Clean up */
	heap_freetuple(tup);
	heap_close(typrel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * AlterDomainDropConstraint
 *
 * Implements the ALTER DOMAIN DROP CONSTRAINT statement
 */
void
AlterDomainDropConstraint(List *names, const char *constrName,
						  DropBehavior behavior)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			domainoid;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Relation	rel;
	Relation	conrel;
	SysScanDesc conscan;
	ScanKeyData key[1];
	HeapTuple	contup;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);
	domainoid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	/* Look up the domain in the type table */
	rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(domainoid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", domainoid);

	/* Check it's a domain and check user has permission for ALTER DOMAIN */
	checkDomainOwner(tup);

	/* Grab an appropriate lock on the pg_constraint relation */
	conrel = heap_open(ConstraintRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/* Use the index to scan only constraints of the target relation */
	ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
				Anum_pg_constraint_contypid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(HeapTupleGetOid(tup)));

	conscan = systable_beginscan(conrel, ConstraintTypidIndexId, true,
								 SnapshotNow, 1, key);

	/*
	 * Scan over the result set, removing any matching entries.
	 */
	while ((contup = systable_getnext(conscan)) != NULL)
	{
		Form_pg_constraint con = (Form_pg_constraint) GETSTRUCT(contup);

		if (strcmp(NameStr(con->conname), constrName) == 0)
		{
			ObjectAddress conobj;

			conobj.classId = ConstraintRelationId;
			conobj.objectId = HeapTupleGetOid(contup);
			conobj.objectSubId = 0;

			performDeletion(&conobj, behavior);
		}
	}
	/* Clean up after the scan */
	systable_endscan(conscan);
	heap_close(conrel, RowExclusiveLock);

	heap_close(rel, NoLock);
}

/*
 * AlterDomainAddConstraint
 *
 * Implements the ALTER DOMAIN .. ADD CONSTRAINT statement.
 */
void
AlterDomainAddConstraint(List *names, Node *newConstraint)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			domainoid;
	Relation	typrel;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Form_pg_type typTup;
	Constraint *constr;
	char	   *ccbin;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);
	domainoid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	/* Look up the domain in the type table */
	typrel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(domainoid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", domainoid);
	typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/* Check it's a domain and check user has permission for ALTER DOMAIN */
	checkDomainOwner(tup);

	if (!IsA(newConstraint, Constraint))
		elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
			 (int) nodeTag(newConstraint));

	constr = (Constraint *) newConstraint;

	switch (constr->contype)
	{
		case CONSTR_CHECK:
			/* processed below */
			break;

		case CONSTR_UNIQUE:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
					 errmsg("unique constraints not possible for domains")));
			break;

		case CONSTR_PRIMARY:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				errmsg("primary key constraints not possible for domains")));
			break;

		case CONSTR_EXCLUSION:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				  errmsg("exclusion constraints not possible for domains")));
			break;

		case CONSTR_FOREIGN:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				errmsg("foreign key constraints not possible for domains")));
			break;

		case CONSTR_ATTR_DEFERRABLE:
		case CONSTR_ATTR_NOT_DEFERRABLE:
		case CONSTR_ATTR_DEFERRED:
		case CONSTR_ATTR_IMMEDIATE:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("specifying constraint deferrability not supported for domains")));
			break;

		default:
			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized constraint subtype: %d",
				 (int) constr->contype);
			break;
	}

	/*
	 * Since all other constraint types throw errors, this must be a check
	 * constraint.	First, process the constraint expression and add an entry
	 * to pg_constraint.
	 */

	ccbin = domainAddConstraint(HeapTupleGetOid(tup), typTup->typnamespace,
								typTup->typbasetype, typTup->typtypmod,
								constr, NameStr(typTup->typname));

	/*
	 * If requested to validate the constraint, test all values stored in the
	 * attributes based on the domain the constraint is being added to.
	 */
	if (!constr->skip_validation)
		validateDomainConstraint(domainoid, ccbin);

	/* Clean up */
	heap_close(typrel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * AlterDomainValidateConstraint
 *
 * Implements the ALTER DOMAIN .. VALIDATE CONSTRAINT statement.
 */
void
AlterDomainValidateConstraint(List *names, char *constrName)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			domainoid;
	Relation	typrel;
	Relation	conrel;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Form_pg_constraint con = NULL;
	Form_pg_constraint copy_con;
	char	   *conbin;
	SysScanDesc scan;
	Datum		val;
	bool		found = false;
	bool		isnull;
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	HeapTuple	copyTuple;
	ScanKeyData key;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);
	domainoid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	/* Look up the domain in the type table */
	typrel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, AccessShareLock);

	tup = SearchSysCache1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(domainoid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", domainoid);

	/* Check it's a domain and check user has permission for ALTER DOMAIN */
	checkDomainOwner(tup);

	/*
	 * Find and check the target constraint
	 */
	conrel = heap_open(ConstraintRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
	ScanKeyInit(&key,
				Anum_pg_constraint_contypid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(domainoid));
	scan = systable_beginscan(conrel, ConstraintTypidIndexId,
							  true, SnapshotNow, 1, &key);

	while (HeapTupleIsValid(tuple = systable_getnext(scan)))
	{
		con = (Form_pg_constraint) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
		if (strcmp(NameStr(con->conname), constrName) == 0)
		{
			found = true;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!found)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("constraint \"%s\" of domain \"%s\" does not exist",
						constrName, TypeNameToString(typename))));

	if (con->contype != CONSTRAINT_CHECK)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
		errmsg("constraint \"%s\" of domain \"%s\" is not a check constraint",
			   constrName, TypeNameToString(typename))));

	val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
						  Anum_pg_constraint_conbin,
						  &isnull);
	if (isnull)
		elog(ERROR, "null conbin for constraint %u",
			 HeapTupleGetOid(tuple));
	conbin = TextDatumGetCString(val);

	validateDomainConstraint(domainoid, conbin);

	/*
	 * Now update the catalog, while we have the door open.
	 */
	copyTuple = heap_copytuple(tuple);
	copy_con = (Form_pg_constraint) GETSTRUCT(copyTuple);
	copy_con->convalidated = true;
	simple_heap_update(conrel, &copyTuple->t_self, copyTuple);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(conrel, copyTuple);
	heap_freetuple(copyTuple);

	systable_endscan(scan);

	heap_close(typrel, AccessShareLock);
	heap_close(conrel, RowExclusiveLock);

	ReleaseSysCache(tup);
}

static void
validateDomainConstraint(Oid domainoid, char *ccbin)
{
	Expr	   *expr = (Expr *) stringToNode(ccbin);
	List	   *rels;
	ListCell   *rt;
	EState	   *estate;
	ExprContext *econtext;
	ExprState  *exprstate;

	/* Need an EState to run ExecEvalExpr */
	estate = CreateExecutorState();
	econtext = GetPerTupleExprContext(estate);

	/* build execution state for expr */
	exprstate = ExecPrepareExpr(expr, estate);

	/* Fetch relation list with attributes based on this domain */
	/* ShareLock is sufficient to prevent concurrent data changes */

	rels = get_rels_with_domain(domainoid, ShareLock);

	foreach(rt, rels)
	{
		RelToCheck *rtc = (RelToCheck *) lfirst(rt);
		Relation	testrel = rtc->rel;
		TupleDesc	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(testrel);
		HeapScanDesc scan;
		HeapTuple	tuple;

		/* Scan all tuples in this relation */
		scan = heap_beginscan(testrel, SnapshotNow, 0, NULL);
		while ((tuple = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
		{
			int			i;

			/* Test attributes that are of the domain */
			for (i = 0; i < rtc->natts; i++)
			{
				int			attnum = rtc->atts[i];
				Datum		d;
				bool		isNull;
				Datum		conResult;

				d = heap_getattr(tuple, attnum, tupdesc, &isNull);

				econtext->domainValue_datum = d;
				econtext->domainValue_isNull = isNull;

				conResult = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext(exprstate,
													  econtext,
													  &isNull, NULL);

				if (!isNull && !DatumGetBool(conResult))
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_CHECK_VIOLATION),
							 errmsg("column \"%s\" of table \"%s\" contains values that violate the new constraint",
								NameStr(tupdesc->attrs[attnum - 1]->attname),
									RelationGetRelationName(testrel))));
			}

			ResetExprContext(econtext);
		}
		heap_endscan(scan);

		/* Hold relation lock till commit (XXX bad for concurrency) */
		heap_close(testrel, NoLock);
	}

	FreeExecutorState(estate);
}

/*
 * get_rels_with_domain
 *
 * Fetch all relations / attributes which are using the domain
 *
 * The result is a list of RelToCheck structs, one for each distinct
 * relation, each containing one or more attribute numbers that are of
 * the domain type.  We have opened each rel and acquired the specified lock
 * type on it.
 *
 * We support nested domains by including attributes that are of derived
 * domain types.  Current callers do not need to distinguish between attributes
 * that are of exactly the given domain and those that are of derived domains.
 *
 * XXX this is completely broken because there is no way to lock the domain
 * to prevent columns from being added or dropped while our command runs.
 * We can partially protect against column drops by locking relations as we
 * come across them, but there is still a race condition (the window between
 * seeing a pg_depend entry and acquiring lock on the relation it references).
 * Also, holding locks on all these relations simultaneously creates a non-
 * trivial risk of deadlock.  We can minimize but not eliminate the deadlock
 * risk by using the weakest suitable lock (ShareLock for most callers).
 *
 * XXX the API for this is not sufficient to support checking domain values
 * that are inside composite types or arrays.  Currently we just error out
 * if a composite type containing the target domain is stored anywhere.
 * There are not currently arrays of domains; if there were, we could take
 * the same approach, but it'd be nicer to fix it properly.
 *
 * Generally used for retrieving a list of tests when adding
 * new constraints to a domain.
 */
static List *
get_rels_with_domain(Oid domainOid, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
	List	   *result = NIL;
	Relation	depRel;
	ScanKeyData key[2];
	SysScanDesc depScan;
	HeapTuple	depTup;

	Assert(lockmode != NoLock);

	/*
	 * We scan pg_depend to find those things that depend on the domain. (We
	 * assume we can ignore refobjsubid for a domain.)
	 */
	depRel = heap_open(DependRelationId, AccessShareLock);

	ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
				Anum_pg_depend_refclassid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(TypeRelationId));
	ScanKeyInit(&key[1],
				Anum_pg_depend_refobjid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(domainOid));

	depScan = systable_beginscan(depRel, DependReferenceIndexId, true,
								 SnapshotNow, 2, key);

	while (HeapTupleIsValid(depTup = systable_getnext(depScan)))
	{
		Form_pg_depend pg_depend = (Form_pg_depend) GETSTRUCT(depTup);
		RelToCheck *rtc = NULL;
		ListCell   *rellist;
		Form_pg_attribute pg_att;
		int			ptr;

		/* Check for directly dependent types --- must be domains */
		if (pg_depend->classid == TypeRelationId)
		{
			Assert(get_typtype(pg_depend->objid) == TYPTYPE_DOMAIN);

			/*
			 * Recursively add dependent columns to the output list.  This is
			 * a bit inefficient since we may fail to combine RelToCheck
			 * entries when attributes of the same rel have different derived
			 * domain types, but it's probably not worth improving.
			 */
			result = list_concat(result,
								 get_rels_with_domain(pg_depend->objid,
													  lockmode));
			continue;
		}

		/* Else, ignore dependees that aren't user columns of relations */
		/* (we assume system columns are never of domain types) */
		if (pg_depend->classid != RelationRelationId ||
			pg_depend->objsubid <= 0)
			continue;

		/* See if we already have an entry for this relation */
		foreach(rellist, result)
		{
			RelToCheck *rt = (RelToCheck *) lfirst(rellist);

			if (RelationGetRelid(rt->rel) == pg_depend->objid)
			{
				rtc = rt;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (rtc == NULL)
		{
			/* First attribute found for this relation */
			Relation	rel;

			/* Acquire requested lock on relation */
			rel = relation_open(pg_depend->objid, lockmode);

			/*
			 * Check to see if rowtype is stored anyplace as a composite-type
			 * column; if so we have to fail, for now anyway.
			 */
			if (OidIsValid(rel->rd_rel->reltype))
				find_composite_type_dependencies(rel->rd_rel->reltype,
												 NULL,
												 format_type_be(domainOid));

			/* Otherwise we can ignore views, composite types, etc */
			if (rel->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION)
			{
				relation_close(rel, lockmode);
				continue;
			}

			/* Build the RelToCheck entry with enough space for all atts */
			rtc = (RelToCheck *) palloc(sizeof(RelToCheck));
			rtc->rel = rel;
			rtc->natts = 0;
			rtc->atts = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel));
			result = lcons(rtc, result);
		}

		/*
		 * Confirm column has not been dropped, and is of the expected type.
		 * This defends against an ALTER DROP COLUMN occuring just before we
		 * acquired lock ... but if the whole table were dropped, we'd still
		 * have a problem.
		 */
		if (pg_depend->objsubid > RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rtc->rel))
			continue;
		pg_att = rtc->rel->rd_att->attrs[pg_depend->objsubid - 1];
		if (pg_att->attisdropped || pg_att->atttypid != domainOid)
			continue;

		/*
		 * Okay, add column to result.	We store the columns in column-number
		 * order; this is just a hack to improve predictability of regression
		 * test output ...
		 */
		Assert(rtc->natts < RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rtc->rel));

		ptr = rtc->natts++;
		while (ptr > 0 && rtc->atts[ptr - 1] > pg_depend->objsubid)
		{
			rtc->atts[ptr] = rtc->atts[ptr - 1];
			ptr--;
		}
		rtc->atts[ptr] = pg_depend->objsubid;
	}

	systable_endscan(depScan);

	relation_close(depRel, AccessShareLock);

	return result;
}

/*
 * checkDomainOwner
 *
 * Check that the type is actually a domain and that the current user
 * has permission to do ALTER DOMAIN on it.  Throw an error if not.
 */
static void
checkDomainOwner(HeapTuple tup)
{
	Form_pg_type typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/* Check that this is actually a domain */
	if (typTup->typtype != TYPTYPE_DOMAIN)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("%s is not a domain",
						format_type_be(HeapTupleGetOid(tup)))));

	/* Permission check: must own type */
	if (!pg_type_ownercheck(HeapTupleGetOid(tup), GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_TYPE,
					   format_type_be(HeapTupleGetOid(tup)));
}

/*
 * domainAddConstraint - code shared between CREATE and ALTER DOMAIN
 */
static char *
domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
					int typMod, Constraint *constr,
					char *domainName)
{
	Node	   *expr;
	char	   *ccsrc;
	char	   *ccbin;
	ParseState *pstate;
	CoerceToDomainValue *domVal;

	/*
	 * Assign or validate constraint name
	 */
	if (constr->conname)
	{
		if (ConstraintNameIsUsed(CONSTRAINT_DOMAIN,
								 domainOid,
								 domainNamespace,
								 constr->conname))
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("constraint \"%s\" for domain \"%s\" already exists",
						constr->conname, domainName)));
	}
	else
		constr->conname = ChooseConstraintName(domainName,
											   NULL,
											   "check",
											   domainNamespace,
											   NIL);

	/*
	 * Convert the A_EXPR in raw_expr into an EXPR
	 */
	pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);

	/*
	 * Set up a CoerceToDomainValue to represent the occurrence of VALUE in
	 * the expression.	Note that it will appear to have the type of the base
	 * type, not the domain.  This seems correct since within the check
	 * expression, we should not assume the input value can be considered a
	 * member of the domain.
	 */
	domVal = makeNode(CoerceToDomainValue);
	domVal->typeId = baseTypeOid;
	domVal->typeMod = typMod;
	domVal->collation = get_typcollation(baseTypeOid);
	domVal->location = -1;		/* will be set when/if used */

	pstate->p_value_substitute = (Node *) domVal;

	expr = transformExpr(pstate, constr->raw_expr);

	/*
	 * Make sure it yields a boolean result.
	 */
	expr = coerce_to_boolean(pstate, expr, "CHECK");

	/*
	 * Fix up collation information.
	 */
	assign_expr_collations(pstate, expr);

	/*
	 * Make sure no outside relations are referred to.
	 */
	if (list_length(pstate->p_rtable) != 0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_COLUMN_REFERENCE),
		  errmsg("cannot use table references in domain check constraint")));

	/*
	 * Domains don't allow var clauses (this should be redundant with the
	 * above check, but make it anyway)
	 */
	if (contain_var_clause(expr))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_COLUMN_REFERENCE),
		  errmsg("cannot use table references in domain check constraint")));

	/*
	 * No subplans or aggregates, either...
	 */
	if (pstate->p_hasSubLinks)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				 errmsg("cannot use subquery in check constraint")));
	if (pstate->p_hasAggs)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_GROUPING_ERROR),
			   errmsg("cannot use aggregate function in check constraint")));
	if (pstate->p_hasWindowFuncs)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WINDOWING_ERROR),
				 errmsg("cannot use window function in check constraint")));

	/*
	 * Convert to string form for storage.
	 */
	ccbin = nodeToString(expr);

	/*
	 * Deparse it to produce text for consrc.
	 *
	 * Since VARNOs aren't allowed in domain constraints, relation context
	 * isn't required as anything other than a shell.
	 */
	ccsrc = deparse_expression(expr,
							   deparse_context_for(domainName,
												   InvalidOid),
							   false, false);

	/*
	 * Store the constraint in pg_constraint
	 */
	CreateConstraintEntry(constr->conname,		/* Constraint Name */
						  domainNamespace,		/* namespace */
						  CONSTRAINT_CHECK,		/* Constraint Type */
						  false,	/* Is Deferrable */
						  false,	/* Is Deferred */
						  !constr->skip_validation,		/* Is Validated */
						  InvalidOid,	/* not a relation constraint */
						  NULL,
						  0,
						  domainOid,	/* domain constraint */
						  InvalidOid,	/* no associated index */
						  InvalidOid,	/* Foreign key fields */
						  NULL,
						  NULL,
						  NULL,
						  NULL,
						  0,
						  ' ',
						  ' ',
						  ' ',
						  NULL, /* not an exclusion constraint */
						  expr, /* Tree form of check constraint */
						  ccbin,	/* Binary form of check constraint */
						  ccsrc,	/* Source form of check constraint */
						  true, /* is local */
						  0);	/* inhcount */

	/*
	 * Return the compiled constraint expression so the calling routine can
	 * perform any additional required tests.
	 */
	return ccbin;
}

/*
 * GetDomainConstraints - get a list of the current constraints of domain
 *
 * Returns a possibly-empty list of DomainConstraintState nodes.
 *
 * This is called by the executor during plan startup for a CoerceToDomain
 * expression node.  The given constraints will be checked for each value
 * passed through the node.
 *
 * We allow this to be called for non-domain types, in which case the result
 * is always NIL.
 */
List *
GetDomainConstraints(Oid typeOid)
{
	List	   *result = NIL;
	bool		notNull = false;
	Relation	conRel;

	conRel = heap_open(ConstraintRelationId, AccessShareLock);

	for (;;)
	{
		HeapTuple	tup;
		HeapTuple	conTup;
		Form_pg_type typTup;
		ScanKeyData key[1];
		SysScanDesc scan;

		tup = SearchSysCache1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(typeOid));
		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
			elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typeOid);
		typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

		if (typTup->typtype != TYPTYPE_DOMAIN)
		{
			/* Not a domain, so done */
			ReleaseSysCache(tup);
			break;
		}

		/* Test for NOT NULL Constraint */
		if (typTup->typnotnull)
			notNull = true;

		/* Look for CHECK Constraints on this domain */
		ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
					Anum_pg_constraint_contypid,
					BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
					ObjectIdGetDatum(typeOid));

		scan = systable_beginscan(conRel, ConstraintTypidIndexId, true,
								  SnapshotNow, 1, key);

		while (HeapTupleIsValid(conTup = systable_getnext(scan)))
		{
			Form_pg_constraint c = (Form_pg_constraint) GETSTRUCT(conTup);
			Datum		val;
			bool		isNull;
			Expr	   *check_expr;
			DomainConstraintState *r;

			/* Ignore non-CHECK constraints (presently, shouldn't be any) */
			if (c->contype != CONSTRAINT_CHECK)
				continue;

			/*
			 * Not expecting conbin to be NULL, but we'll test for it anyway
			 */
			val = fastgetattr(conTup, Anum_pg_constraint_conbin,
							  conRel->rd_att, &isNull);
			if (isNull)
				elog(ERROR, "domain \"%s\" constraint \"%s\" has NULL conbin",
					 NameStr(typTup->typname), NameStr(c->conname));

			check_expr = (Expr *) stringToNode(TextDatumGetCString(val));

			/* ExecInitExpr assumes we've planned the expression */
			check_expr = expression_planner(check_expr);

			r = makeNode(DomainConstraintState);
			r->constrainttype = DOM_CONSTRAINT_CHECK;
			r->name = pstrdup(NameStr(c->conname));
			r->check_expr = ExecInitExpr(check_expr, NULL);

			/*
			 * use lcons() here because constraints of lower domains should be
			 * applied earlier.
			 */
			result = lcons(r, result);
		}

		systable_endscan(scan);

		/* loop to next domain in stack */
		typeOid = typTup->typbasetype;
		ReleaseSysCache(tup);
	}

	heap_close(conRel, AccessShareLock);

	/*
	 * Only need to add one NOT NULL check regardless of how many domains in
	 * the stack request it.
	 */
	if (notNull)
	{
		DomainConstraintState *r = makeNode(DomainConstraintState);

		r->constrainttype = DOM_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL;
		r->name = pstrdup("NOT NULL");
		r->check_expr = NULL;

		/* lcons to apply the nullness check FIRST */
		result = lcons(r, result);
	}

	return result;
}


/*
 * Execute ALTER TYPE RENAME
 */
void
RenameType(List *names, const char *newTypeName)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			typeOid;
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Form_pg_type typTup;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);
	typeOid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	/* Look up the type in the type table */
	rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(typeOid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typeOid);
	typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/* check permissions on type */
	if (!pg_type_ownercheck(typeOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_TYPE,
					   format_type_be(typeOid));

	/*
	 * If it's a composite type, we need to check that it really is a
	 * free-standing composite type, and not a table's rowtype. We want people
	 * to use ALTER TABLE not ALTER TYPE for that case.
	 */
	if (typTup->typtype == TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE &&
		get_rel_relkind(typTup->typrelid) != RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("%s is a table's row type",
						format_type_be(typeOid)),
				 errhint("Use ALTER TABLE instead.")));

	/* don't allow direct alteration of array types, either */
	if (OidIsValid(typTup->typelem) &&
		get_array_type(typTup->typelem) == typeOid)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("cannot alter array type %s",
						format_type_be(typeOid)),
				 errhint("You can alter type %s, which will alter the array type as well.",
						 format_type_be(typTup->typelem))));

	/*
	 * If type is composite we need to rename associated pg_class entry too.
	 * RenameRelationInternal will call RenameTypeInternal automatically.
	 */
	if (typTup->typtype == TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE)
		RenameRelationInternal(typTup->typrelid, newTypeName);
	else
		RenameTypeInternal(typeOid, newTypeName,
						   typTup->typnamespace);

	/* Clean up */
	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * Change the owner of a type.
 */
void
AlterTypeOwner(List *names, Oid newOwnerId)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			typeOid;
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	HeapTuple	newtup;
	Form_pg_type typTup;
	AclResult	aclresult;

	rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);

	/* Use LookupTypeName here so that shell types can be processed */
	tup = LookupTypeName(NULL, typename, NULL);
	if (tup == NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("type \"%s\" does not exist",
						TypeNameToString(typename))));
	typeOid = typeTypeId(tup);

	/* Copy the syscache entry so we can scribble on it below */
	newtup = heap_copytuple(tup);
	ReleaseSysCache(tup);
	tup = newtup;
	typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/*
	 * If it's a composite type, we need to check that it really is a
	 * free-standing composite type, and not a table's rowtype. We want people
	 * to use ALTER TABLE not ALTER TYPE for that case.
	 */
	if (typTup->typtype == TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE &&
		get_rel_relkind(typTup->typrelid) != RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("%s is a table's row type",
						format_type_be(typeOid)),
				 errhint("Use ALTER TABLE instead.")));

	/* don't allow direct alteration of array types, either */
	if (OidIsValid(typTup->typelem) &&
		get_array_type(typTup->typelem) == typeOid)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("cannot alter array type %s",
						format_type_be(typeOid)),
				 errhint("You can alter type %s, which will alter the array type as well.",
						 format_type_be(typTup->typelem))));

	/*
	 * If the new owner is the same as the existing owner, consider the
	 * command to have succeeded.  This is for dump restoration purposes.
	 */
	if (typTup->typowner != newOwnerId)
	{
		/* Superusers can always do it */
		if (!superuser())
		{
			/* Otherwise, must be owner of the existing object */
			if (!pg_type_ownercheck(HeapTupleGetOid(tup), GetUserId()))
				aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_TYPE,
							   format_type_be(HeapTupleGetOid(tup)));

			/* Must be able to become new owner */
			check_is_member_of_role(GetUserId(), newOwnerId);

			/* New owner must have CREATE privilege on namespace */
			aclresult = pg_namespace_aclcheck(typTup->typnamespace,
											  newOwnerId,
											  ACL_CREATE);
			if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
				aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_NAMESPACE,
							   get_namespace_name(typTup->typnamespace));
		}

		/*
		 * If it's a composite type, invoke ATExecChangeOwner so that we fix
		 * up the pg_class entry properly.	That will call back to
		 * AlterTypeOwnerInternal to take care of the pg_type entry(s).
		 */
		if (typTup->typtype == TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE)
			ATExecChangeOwner(typTup->typrelid, newOwnerId, true, AccessExclusiveLock);
		else
		{
			/*
			 * We can just apply the modification directly.
			 *
			 * okay to scribble on typTup because it's a copy
			 */
			typTup->typowner = newOwnerId;

			simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);

			CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tup);

			/* Update owner dependency reference */
			changeDependencyOnOwner(TypeRelationId, typeOid, newOwnerId);

			/* If it has an array type, update that too */
			if (OidIsValid(typTup->typarray))
				AlterTypeOwnerInternal(typTup->typarray, newOwnerId, false);
		}
	}

	/* Clean up */
	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * AlterTypeOwnerInternal - change type owner unconditionally
 *
 * This is currently only used to propagate ALTER TABLE/TYPE OWNER to a
 * table's rowtype or an array type, and to implement REASSIGN OWNED BY.
 * It assumes the caller has done all needed checks.  The function will
 * automatically recurse to an array type if the type has one.
 *
 * hasDependEntry should be TRUE if type is expected to have a pg_shdepend
 * entry (ie, it's not a table rowtype nor an array type).
 */
void
AlterTypeOwnerInternal(Oid typeOid, Oid newOwnerId,
					   bool hasDependEntry)
{
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Form_pg_type typTup;

	rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(typeOid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typeOid);
	typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/*
	 * Modify the owner --- okay to scribble on typTup because it's a copy
	 */
	typTup->typowner = newOwnerId;

	simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);

	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tup);

	/* Update owner dependency reference, if it has one */
	if (hasDependEntry)
		changeDependencyOnOwner(TypeRelationId, typeOid, newOwnerId);

	/* If it has an array type, update that too */
	if (OidIsValid(typTup->typarray))
		AlterTypeOwnerInternal(typTup->typarray, newOwnerId, false);

	/* Clean up */
	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * Execute ALTER TYPE SET SCHEMA
 */
void
AlterTypeNamespace(List *names, const char *newschema)
{
	TypeName   *typename;
	Oid			typeOid;
	Oid			nspOid;

	/* Make a TypeName so we can use standard type lookup machinery */
	typename = makeTypeNameFromNameList(names);
	typeOid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);

	/* get schema OID and check its permissions */
	nspOid = LookupCreationNamespace(newschema);

	AlterTypeNamespace_oid(typeOid, nspOid);
}

Oid
AlterTypeNamespace_oid(Oid typeOid, Oid nspOid)
{
	Oid			elemOid;

	/* check permissions on type */
	if (!pg_type_ownercheck(typeOid, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_TYPE,
					   format_type_be(typeOid));

	/* don't allow direct alteration of array types */
	elemOid = get_element_type(typeOid);
	if (OidIsValid(elemOid) && get_array_type(elemOid) == typeOid)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("cannot alter array type %s",
						format_type_be(typeOid)),
				 errhint("You can alter type %s, which will alter the array type as well.",
						 format_type_be(elemOid))));

	/* and do the work */
	return AlterTypeNamespaceInternal(typeOid, nspOid, false, true);
}

/*
 * Move specified type to new namespace.
 *
 * Caller must have already checked privileges.
 *
 * The function automatically recurses to process the type's array type,
 * if any.	isImplicitArray should be TRUE only when doing this internal
 * recursion (outside callers must never try to move an array type directly).
 *
 * If errorOnTableType is TRUE, the function errors out if the type is
 * a table type.  ALTER TABLE has to be used to move a table to a new
 * namespace.
 *
 * Returns the type's old namespace OID.
 */
Oid
AlterTypeNamespaceInternal(Oid typeOid, Oid nspOid,
						   bool isImplicitArray,
						   bool errorOnTableType)
{
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Form_pg_type typform;
	Oid			oldNspOid;
	Oid			arrayOid;
	bool		isCompositeType;

	rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(typeOid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typeOid);
	typform = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	oldNspOid = typform->typnamespace;
	arrayOid = typform->typarray;

	/* common checks on switching namespaces */
	CheckSetNamespace(oldNspOid, nspOid, TypeRelationId, typeOid);

	/* check for duplicate name (more friendly than unique-index failure) */
	if (SearchSysCacheExists2(TYPENAMENSP,
							  CStringGetDatum(NameStr(typform->typname)),
							  ObjectIdGetDatum(nspOid)))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("type \"%s\" already exists in schema \"%s\"",
						NameStr(typform->typname),
						get_namespace_name(nspOid))));

	/* Detect whether type is a composite type (but not a table rowtype) */
	isCompositeType =
		(typform->typtype == TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE &&
		 get_rel_relkind(typform->typrelid) == RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE);

	/* Enforce not-table-type if requested */
	if (typform->typtype == TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE && !isCompositeType &&
		errorOnTableType)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("%s is a table's row type",
						format_type_be(typeOid)),
				 errhint("Use ALTER TABLE instead.")));

	/* OK, modify the pg_type row */

	/* tup is a copy, so we can scribble directly on it */
	typform->typnamespace = nspOid;

	simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tup);

	/*
	 * Composite types have pg_class entries.
	 *
	 * We need to modify the pg_class tuple as well to reflect the change of
	 * schema.
	 */
	if (isCompositeType)
	{
		Relation	classRel;

		classRel = heap_open(RelationRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

		AlterRelationNamespaceInternal(classRel, typform->typrelid,
									   oldNspOid, nspOid,
									   false);

		heap_close(classRel, RowExclusiveLock);

		/*
		 * Check for constraints associated with the composite type (we don't
		 * currently support this, but probably will someday).
		 */
		AlterConstraintNamespaces(typform->typrelid, oldNspOid,
								  nspOid, false);
	}
	else
	{
		/* If it's a domain, it might have constraints */
		if (typform->typtype == TYPTYPE_DOMAIN)
			AlterConstraintNamespaces(typeOid, oldNspOid, nspOid, true);
	}

	/*
	 * Update dependency on schema, if any --- a table rowtype has not got
	 * one, and neither does an implicit array.
	 */
	if ((isCompositeType || typform->typtype != TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE) &&
		!isImplicitArray)
		if (changeDependencyFor(TypeRelationId, typeOid,
								NamespaceRelationId, oldNspOid, nspOid) != 1)
			elog(ERROR, "failed to change schema dependency for type %s",
				 format_type_be(typeOid));

	heap_freetuple(tup);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);

	/* Recursively alter the associated array type, if any */
	if (OidIsValid(arrayOid))
		AlterTypeNamespaceInternal(arrayOid, nspOid, true, true);

	return oldNspOid;
}
