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<refentry id="APP-PGRESTORE">
 <docinfo>
  <date>2001-03-06</date>
 </docinfo>

 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle>
   pg_restore
  </refentrytitle>
  <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  <refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>pg_restore</refname>

  <refpurpose>
   Restore a <PRODUCTNAME>Postgres</PRODUCTNAME> database from an archive file created by
<command>pg_dump</command>
  </refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <cmdsynopsis>
   <command>pg_restore</command>
   <arg> -a </arg>
   <arg> -c </arg>
   <arg> -C </arg>
   <arg> -d <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -f <replaceable class="parameter">archive-file</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -F <replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -i  <replaceable class="parameter">index</replaceable> </arg>
   <sbr>
   <arg> -l </arg>
   <arg> -L <replaceable class="parameter">contents-file</replaceable> </arg>
   <group> <arg> -N </arg> <arg> -o </arg> <arg> -r </arg> </group>
   <arg> -O </arg>
   <arg> -P <replaceable class="parameter">function-name</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -R </arg>
   <arg> -s </arg>
   <arg> -S </arg>
   <arg> -t  <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -T  <replaceable class="parameter">trigger</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -v </arg>
   <arg> -x </arg>
   <sbr>
   <arg> -h  <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -p  <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable> </arg>
   <arg> -u </arg>
   <sbr>
   <arg> <replaceable class="parameter">archive-file</replaceable> </arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>


 <refsect1 id="app-pgrestore-description">
  <title>
   Description
  </title>

  <para>
   <command>pg_restore</command> is a utility for restoring a
   <productname>Postgres</productname> database dumped by
   <xref linkend="app-pgdump"> in one of the non-plain-text formats.
  </para>

  <para>
   The archive files, new with the 7.1 release, contain enough information for
   <command>pg_restore</command> to rebuild the database, but also allow
   <command>pg_restore</command> to be selective about what is restored,
   or even to reorder the items prior to being restored. The archive files are designed
   to be portable across architectures. <command>pg_dump</command> will
   produce the queries necessary to re-generate all user-defined types, functions,
   tables, indices, aggregates, and operators.  In addition, all the data is copied
   out (in text format for scripts) so that it can be readily copied in again.
  </para>

  <para>
   <command>pg_restore</command> reads the archive file and outputs the appropriate
   SQL in the required order based on the command parameters. Obviously, it can not restore
   information that is not present in the dump file; so if the dump is made using the
   <quote>dump data as <command>INSERT</command>s</quote> option, <command>pg_restore</command> will not be able to
   load the data using <command>COPY</command> statements.
  </para>

  <para>
   The most flexible output file format is the <quote>custom</quote> format (<option>-Fc</option>). It allows for
   selection and reordering of all archived items, and is compressed by default. The <filename>tar</filename>
   format (<option>-Ft</option>) is not compressed and it is not possible to reorder
   data when loading, but it is otherwise quite flexible.
  </para>

  <para>
   To reorder the items, it is first necessary to dump the contents of the archive:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore archive.file -l &gt; archive.list</userinput>
</screen>
   This file consists of a header and one line for each item, e.g.,
<programlisting>
;
; Archive created at Fri Jul 28 22:28:36 2000
;     dbname: birds
;     TOC Entries: 74
;     Compression: 0
;     Dump Version: 1.4-0
;     Format: CUSTOM
;
;
; Selected TOC Entries:
;
2; 145344 TABLE species postgres
3; 145344 ACL species
4; 145359 TABLE nt_header postgres
5; 145359 ACL nt_header
6; 145402 TABLE species_records postgres
7; 145402 ACL species_records
8; 145416 TABLE ss_old postgres
9; 145416 ACL ss_old
10; 145433 TABLE map_resolutions postgres
11; 145433 ACL map_resolutions
12; 145443 TABLE hs_old postgres
13; 145443 ACL hs_old
</programlisting>
   Semi-colons are comment delimiters, and the numbers at the start of lines refer to the
   internal archive ID assigned to each item.
  </para>

  <para>
   Lines in the file can be commented out, deleted, and reordered. For example,
<programlisting>
10; 145433 TABLE map_resolutions postgres
;2; 145344 TABLE species postgres
;4; 145359 TABLE nt_header postgres
6; 145402 TABLE species_records postgres
;8; 145416 TABLE ss_old postgres
</programlisting>
   could be used as input to <command>pg_restore</command> and would only restore
   items 10 and 6, in that order.
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore archive.file -L archive.list</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <refsect2 id="app-pgrestore-options">
   <title>
    Options
   </title>

   <para>
    <command>pg_restore</command> accepts the following command
    line arguments.  (Long option forms are only available on some platforms.)

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">archive-name</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
       Specifies the location of the archive file to be restored.
       If not specified, and no <option>-f</option> option is specified, then the standard input is used.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-a</term>
      <term>--data-only</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Restore only the data, no schema (definitions).
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-c</term>
      <term>--clean</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Clean (drop) schema prior to create.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-C</term>
      <term>--create</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Include SQL to create the schema.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></term>
      <term>--dbname=<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Connect to database <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable> and restore
        directly into the database. BLOBs can only be restored by using a direct database connection.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-f <replaceable>filename</replaceable></term>
      <term>--file=<replaceable>filename</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specify output file for generated script. (Use with the
        <option>-l</option> option.) Default is the standard output.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-F <replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></term>
      <term>--format=<replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	  Specify format of the archive.
        It is not necessary to specify the format, since <COMMAND>pg_restore</COMMAND> will
        determine the format automatically. If specified, it can be one of the following:
       </para>

       <variablelist>

        <varlistentry>
         <term>t</term>
         <listitem>
          <para>
           Archive is a <filename>tar</filename> archive. Using this archive format allows reordering and/or
           exclusion of schema elements at the time the database is restored. It is also possible to limit which
           data is reloaded at restore time.
          </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
         <term>c</term>
         <listitem>
          <para>
           Archive is in the custom format of <command>pg_dump</command>. This is the most flexible format
           in that it allows reordering of data load as well as schema elements.
           This format is also compressed by default.
          </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

       </variablelist>

      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-i <replaceable class="parameter">index</replaceable></term>
      <term>--index=<replaceable class="parameter">index</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Restore definition for named <replaceable class="parameter">index</replaceable> only.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-l</term>
      <term>--list</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        List the contents of the archive. The output of this command can be used with the <option>-L</option> option
        to restrict and reorder the items that are restored.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-L <replaceable class="parameter">list-file</replaceable></term>
      <term>--use-list=<replaceable class="parameter">list-file</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	  Restore elements in <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">list-file</REPLACEABLE> only, and in the
        order they appear in the file. Lines can be moved and may also be commented out by placing a ';' at the
        start of the line.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-N</term>
      <term>--orig-order</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Restore items in the original dump order. By default <command>pg_dump</command> will dump items in an order convenient
        to <command>pg_dump</command>, then save the archive in a modified OID order. This option overrides the OID ordering.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-o</term>
      <term>--oid-order</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Restore items in the OID order. By default <command>pg_dump</command> will dump items in an order convenient
        to <command>pg_dump</command>, then save the archive in a modified OID order. This option enforces strict OID ordering.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-O</term>
      <term>--no-owner</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Prevent any attempt to restore original object ownership. Objects will be owned by the user name used
        to attach to the database.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-P <replaceable class="parameter">function-name</replaceable></term>
      <term>--function=<replaceable class="parameter">function-name</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specify a procedure or function to be restored.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-r</term>
      <term>--rearrange</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Restore items in modified OID order. By default <command>pg_dump</command> will dump items in an order convenient
        to <command>pg_dump</command>, then save the archive in a modified OID order. Most objects
        will be restored in OID order, but some things (e.g., rules and indices) will be restored at the end of
        the process irrespective of their OIDs. This option is the default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-R</term>
      <term>--no-reconnect</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	  Prohibit <COMMAND>pg_restore</COMMAND> from issuing any <PROGRAMLISTING>\connect</PROGRAMLISTING>
        statements or reconnecting to the database if directly connected.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-s</term>
      <term>--schema-only</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Restore the schema (definitions), no data. Sequence values will be reset.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-S <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></term>
      <term>--superuser=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers and/or setting ownership of schema elements.
        By default, <COMMAND>pg_restore</COMMAND> will use the current user name if it is a superuser.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></term>
      <term>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Restore schema/data for <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">table</REPLACEABLE> only.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-T <replaceable class="parameter">trigger</replaceable></term>
      <term>--trigger=<replaceable class="parameter">trigger</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	  Restore definition of <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">trigger</REPLACEABLE> only.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-v</term>
      <term>--verbose</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies verbose mode.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-x</term>
      <term>--no-acl</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Prevent restoration of ACLs (grant/revoke commands).
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </para>

   <para>
    <command>pg_restore</command> also accepts
    the following command line arguments for connection parameters:

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></term>
      <term>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the host name of the machine on which the
	<command>postmaster</command>
	is running.  If host begins with a slash, it is used 
	as the directory for the Unix domain socket.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
      <term>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the Internet TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file
	extension on which the <command>postmaster</command>
	is listening for connections.  The port number defaults to 5432,
	or the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar>
	environment variable (if set).
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>-u</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Use password authentication. Prompts for user name and password.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect2>

 </refsect1>


 <refsect1 id="app-pgrestore-diagnostics">
  <title>Diagnostics</title>

  <msgset>
   <msgentry>
    <msg>
     <msgmain>
      <msgtext>
<screen><computeroutput>
Connection to database 'template1' failed.
connectDBStart() -- connect() failed: No such file or directory
        Is the postmaster running locally
        and accepting connections on Unix socket '/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432'?
</computeroutput></screen>
      </msgtext>
     </msgmain>
    </msg>

    <msgexplan>
       <para>
	<command>pg_restore</command> could not attach to the
	<command>postmaster</command>
	process on the specified host and port.  If you see this message,
	ensure that the <command>postmaster</command>
	is running on the proper host and that you have specified the proper
	port.  If your site uses an authentication system, ensure that you
	have obtained the required authentication credentials.
       </para>
    </msgexplan>
   </msgentry>
  </msgset>  

   <note>
    <para>
     When a direct database connection is specified using the -d option, <command>pg_restore</command>
     internally executes  <command>SQL</command> statements. If you  have problems running
     <command>pg_restore</command>,
     make sure you are able to select information from the database using, for
     example, <command>psql</command>.
    </para>
   </note>
 </refsect1>


 <refsect1 id="app-pgrestore-notes">
  <title>
   Notes
  </title>

  <para>
   The limitations of <command>pg_restore</command> are detailed below.

   <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      When restoring data to a table, <command>pg_restore</command> emits queries
      to disable triggers on user tables before inserting the data then emits queries to
      re-enable them after the data has been inserted.  If the restore is stopped in the
      middle, the system catalogs may be left in the wrong state.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <command>pg_restore</command> will not restore BLOBs for a single table. If
      an archive contains BLOBs, then all BLOBs will be restored.
     </para>
    </listitem>

   </itemizedlist>
  </para>

  <para>
   See the <xref linkend="app-pgdump"> documentation for details on
   limitation of <command>pg_dump</command>.
  </para>
 </refsect1>


 <refsect1 id="app-pgrestore-examples">
  <title>
   Examples
  </title>

  <para>
   To dump a database:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump mydb &gt; db.out</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To reload this database:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -d database -f db.out</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To dump a database called mydb that contains
   <acronym>BLOB</acronym>s to a <filename>tar</filename> file:

<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Ft -b mydb &gt; db.tar</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To reload this database (with <acronym>BLOB</acronym>s) to an
   existing database called newdb:

<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -d newdb db.tar</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

 </refsect1>


 <refsect1>
  <title>See Also</title>

  <simplelist type="inline">
   <member><xref linkend="app-pgdump"></member>
   <member><xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall"></member>
   <member><xref linkend="app-psql"></member>
   <member><citetitle>PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide</citetitle></member>
  </simplelist>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>

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