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<refentry id="SQL-VACUUM">
 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle id="sql-vacuum-title">
   VACUUM
  </refentrytitle>
  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>
 <refnamediv>
  <refname>
   VACUUM
  </refname>
  <refpurpose>
   Clean and analyze a <productname>Postgres</productname> database
  </refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>
 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <refsynopsisdivinfo>
   <date>1999-07-20</date>
  </refsynopsisdivinfo>
  <synopsis>
VACUUM [ VERBOSE ] [ ANALYZE ] [ <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> ]
VACUUM [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [ (<replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] ]
  </synopsis>

  <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-VACUUM-1">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-10-04</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    Inputs
   </title>

   <para>
    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term>VERBOSE</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Prints a detailed vacuum activity report for each table.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     <varlistentry>
      <term>ANALYZE</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Updates column statistics used by the optimizer to
	determine the most efficient way to execute a query.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The name of a specific table to vacuum. Defaults to all tables.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The name of a specific column to analyze. Defaults to all columns.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect2>

  <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-VACUUM-2">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-10-04</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    Outputs
   </title>
   <para>

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
<returnvalue>VACUUM</returnvalue>
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The command has been accepted and the database is being cleaned.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
NOTICE:  --Relation <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>--
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The report header for <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
NOTICE:  Pages 98: Changed 25, Reapped 74, Empty 0, New 0;
         Tup 1000: Vac 3000, Crash 0, UnUsed 0, MinLen 188, MaxLen 188;
         Re-using: Free/Avail. Space 586952/586952; EndEmpty/Avail. Pages 0/74.
         Elapsed 0/0 sec.
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The analysis for <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> itself.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>
NOTICE:  Index <replaceable class="PARAMETER">index</replaceable>: Pages 28;
         Tuples 1000: Deleted 3000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
       </computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The analysis for an index on the target table.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect2>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-VACUUM-1">
  <refsect1info>
   <date>1998-10-04</date>
  </refsect1info>
  <title>
   Description
  </title>
  <para>
   <command>VACUUM</command> serves two purposes in 
   <productname>Postgres</productname> as both a means to reclaim storage and
   also a means to collect information for the optimizer.
  </para>

  <para>
   <command>VACUUM</command> opens every class in the database,
   cleans out records from rolled back transactions, and updates statistics in the
   system catalogs.  The statistics maintained include the number of
   tuples and number of pages stored in all classes.
  </para>


  <para>
   <command>VACUUM ANALYZE</command> collects statistics representing the
   dispersion of the data in each column.
   This information is valuable when several query execution paths are possible.
  </para>

  <para>
   Running <command>VACUUM</command>
   periodically will increase the speed of the database in processing user queries.
  </para>

  <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-VACUUM-3">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-10-04</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    Notes
   </title>
   <para>
    The open database is the target for <command>VACUUM</command>.
   </para>
   <para>
    We recommend that active production databases be
    <command>VACUUM</command>-ed nightly, in order to remove
    expired rows. After copying a large class into
    <productname>Postgres</productname> or after deleting a large number
    of records, it may be a good idea to issue a <command>VACUUM
    ANALYZE</command> query. This will update the system catalogs with
    the results of all recent changes, and allow the
    <productname>Postgres</productname> query optimizer to make better
    choices in planning user queries.
   </para>

  </refsect2>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-VACUUM-2">
  <title>
   Usage
  </title>
  <para>
   The following is an example from running <command>VACUUM</command> on a table
   in the regression database:

   <programlisting>
regression=> vacuum verbose analyze onek;
NOTICE:  --Relation onek--
NOTICE:  Pages 98: Changed 25, Reapped 74, Empty 0, New 0;
         Tup 1000: Vac 3000, Crash 0, UnUsed 0, MinLen 188, MaxLen 188;
         Re-using: Free/Avail. Space 586952/586952; EndEmpty/Avail. Pages 0/74.
         Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_stringu1: Pages 28; Tuples 1000: Deleted 3000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_hundred: Pages 12; Tuples 1000: Deleted 3000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_unique2: Pages 19; Tuples 1000: Deleted 3000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_unique1: Pages 17; Tuples 1000: Deleted 3000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Rel onek: Pages: 98 --> 25; Tuple(s) moved: 1000. Elapsed 0/1 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_stringu1: Pages 28; Tuples 1000: Deleted 1000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_hundred: Pages 12; Tuples 1000: Deleted 1000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_unique2: Pages 19; Tuples 1000: Deleted 1000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
NOTICE:  Index onek_unique1: Pages 17; Tuples 1000: Deleted 1000. Elapsed 0/0 sec.
VACUUM
   </programlisting>
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-VACUUM-3">
  <title>
   Compatibility
  </title>

  <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-VACUUM-4">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-10-04</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    SQL92
   </title>
   <para>
    There is no <command>VACUUM</command> statement in <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
   </para>
  </refsect2>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>

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