---------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
-- complex.sql-
--    This file shows how to create a new user-defined type and how to
--    use this new type.
-- 
--
-- Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
--
-- $Id: complex.source,v 1.2 1996/12/28 02:22:07 momjian Exp $
--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------
-- Creating a new type:
--	a user-defined type must have an input and an output function. They
--	are user-defined C functions. We are going to create a new type 
--	called 'complex' which represents complex numbers.
-----------------------------

-- Assume the user defined functions are in _OBJWD_/complex.so
-- Look at $PWD/C-code/complex.c for the source.

-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the 
-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
-- does not exist yet but that's okay.

CREATE FUNCTION complex_in(opaque)
   RETURNS complex
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so'
   LANGUAGE 'c';

-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
-- converts it into the textual representation.

CREATE FUNCTION complex_out(opaque)
   RETURNS opaque
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so'
   LANGUAGE 'c';

-- now, we can create the type. The internallength specifies the size of the
-- memory block required to hold the type (we need two 8-byte doubles).

CREATE TYPE complex (
   internallength = 16, 
   input = complex_in,
   output = complex_out
);


-----------------------------
-- Using the new type:
--	user-defined types can be use like ordinary built-in types.
-----------------------------

-- eg. we can use it in a schema

CREATE TABLE test_complex (
	a	complex,
	b	complex
);

-- data for user-defined type are just strings in the proper textual
-- representation. 

INSERT INTO test_complex VALUES ('(1.0, 2.5)', '(4.2, 3.55 )')
INSERT INTO test_complex VALUES ('(33.0, 51.4)', '(100.42, 93.55)')

SELECT * FROM test_complex;

-----------------------------
-- Creating an operator for the new type:
--	Let's define an add operator for complex types. Since POSTGRES
--	supports function overloading, we'll use + as the add operator.
--	(Operators can be reused with different number and types of 
--	arguments.)
-----------------------------

-- first, define a function complex_add (also in C-code/complex.c)
CREATE FUNCTION complex_add(complex, complex)
   RETURNS complex
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so'
   LANGUAGE 'c';

-- we can now define the operator. We show a binary operator here but you
-- can also define unary operators by omitting either of leftarg or rightarg.
CREATE OPERATOR + ( 
   leftarg = complex,
   rightarg = complex,
   procedure = complex_add,
   commutator = +
);


SELECT (a + b) AS c FROM test_complex;

-- Occasionally, you may find it useful to cast the string to the desired
-- type explicitly. :: denotes a type cast.

SELECT  a + '(1.0,1.0)'::complex AS aa,
        b + '(1.0,1.0)'::complex AS bb
   FROM test_complex;


-----------------------------
-- Creating aggregate functions
--	you can also define aggregate functions. The syntax is somewhat
--	cryptic but the idea is to express the aggregate in terms of state
--	transition functions.
-----------------------------

CREATE AGGREGATE complex_sum (
   sfunc1 = complex_add,
   basetype = complex,
   stype1 = complex,
   initcond1 = '(0,0)'
);

SELECT complex_sum(a) FROM test_complex;


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--             ATTENTION!      ATTENTION!      ATTENTION!                    --
--  YOU MAY SKIP THE SECTION BELOW ON INTERFACING WITH INDICES. YOU DON'T    --
--  NEED THE FOLLOWING IF YOU DON'T USE INDICES WITH NEW DATA TYPES.         --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SELECT 'READ ABOVE!' AS STOP;

-----------------------------
-- Interfacing New Types with Indices:
--	We cannot define a secondary index (eg. a B-tree) over the new type
--	yet. We need to modify a few system catalogs to show POSTGRES how
--	to use the new type. Unfortunately, there is no simple command to
--	do this. Please bear with me.
-----------------------------

-- first, define the required operators
CREATE FUNCTION complex_abs_lt(complex, complex) RETURNS bool
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so' LANGUAGE 'c'
CREATE FUNCTION complex_abs_le(complex, complex) RETURNS bool
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so' LANGUAGE 'c'
CREATE FUNCTION complex_abs_eq(complex, complex) RETURNS bool
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so' LANGUAGE 'c'
CREATE FUNCTION complex_abs_ge(complex, complex) RETURNS bool
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so' LANGUAGE 'c'
CREATE FUNCTION complex_abs_gt(complex, complex) RETURNS bool
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so' LANGUAGE 'c';

-- the restrict and join selectivity functions are bogus (notice we only
-- have intltsel, eqsel and intgtsel)
CREATE OPERATOR < (
   leftarg = complex, rightarg = complex, procedure = complex_abs_lt,
   restrict = intltsel, join = intltjoinsel
)
CREATE OPERATOR <= (
   leftarg = complex, rightarg = complex, procedure = complex_abs_le,
   restrict = intltsel, join = intltjoinsel
)
CREATE OPERATOR = (
   leftarg = complex, rightarg = complex, procedure = complex_abs_eq,
   restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel
)
CREATE OPERATOR >= (
   leftarg = complex, rightarg = complex, procedure = complex_abs_ge,
   restrict = intgtsel, join = intgtjoinsel
)
CREATE OPERATOR > (
   leftarg = complex, rightarg = complex, procedure = complex_abs_gt,
   restrict = intgtsel, join = intgtjoinsel
);

INSERT INTO pg_opclass VALUES ('complex_abs_ops')

SELECT oid, opcname FROM pg_opclass WHERE opcname = 'complex_abs_ops';

SELECT o.oid AS opoid, o.oprname
INTO TABLE complex_ops_tmp
FROM pg_operator o, pg_type t
WHERE o.oprleft = t.oid and o.oprright = t.oid
   and t.typname = 'complex';

-- make sure we have the right operators
SELECT * from complex_ops_tmp;

INSERT INTO pg_amop (amopid, amopclaid, amopopr, amopstrategy, 
                     amopselect, amopnpages)
   SELECT am.oid, opcl.oid, c.opoid, 1,
	'btreesel'::regproc, 'btreenpage'::regproc
   FROM pg_am am, pg_opclass opcl, complex_ops_tmp c
   WHERE amname = 'btree' and opcname = 'complex_abs_ops' 
      and c.oprname = '<';

INSERT INTO pg_amop (amopid, amopclaid, amopopr, amopstrategy, 
                     amopselect, amopnpages)
   SELECT am.oid, opcl.oid, c.opoid, 2,
	'btreesel'::regproc, 'btreenpage'::regproc
   FROM pg_am am, pg_opclass opcl, complex_ops_tmp c
   WHERE amname = 'btree' and opcname = 'complex_abs_ops' 
      and c.oprname = '<=';

INSERT INTO pg_amop (amopid, amopclaid, amopopr, amopstrategy, 
                     amopselect, amopnpages)
   SELECT am.oid, opcl.oid, c.opoid, 3,
	'btreesel'::regproc, 'btreenpage'::regproc
   FROM pg_am am, pg_opclass opcl, complex_ops_tmp c
   WHERE amname = 'btree' and opcname = 'complex_abs_ops' 
      and c.oprname = '=';

INSERT INTO pg_amop (amopid, amopclaid, amopopr, amopstrategy, 
                     amopselect, amopnpages)
   SELECT am.oid, opcl.oid, c.opoid, 4,
	'btreesel'::regproc, 'btreenpage'::regproc
   FROM pg_am am, pg_opclass opcl, complex_ops_tmp c
   WHERE amname = 'btree' and opcname = 'complex_abs_ops' 
      and c.oprname = '>=';

INSERT INTO pg_amop (amopid, amopclaid, amopopr, amopstrategy, 
                     amopselect, amopnpages)
   SELECT am.oid, opcl.oid, c.opoid, 5,
	'btreesel'::regproc, 'btreenpage'::regproc
   FROM pg_am am, pg_opclass opcl, complex_ops_tmp c
   WHERE amname = 'btree' and opcname = 'complex_abs_ops' 
      and c.oprname = '>';

DROP table complex_ops_tmp;

--
CREATE FUNCTION complex_abs_cmp(complex, complex) RETURNS int4
   AS '_OBJWD_/complex.so' LANGUAGE 'c';

SELECT oid, proname FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'complex_abs_cmp';

INSERT INTO pg_amproc (amid, amopclaid, amproc, amprocnum)
   SELECT am.oid, opcl.oid, pro.oid, 1
   FROM pg_am am, pg_opclass opcl, pg_proc pro
   WHERE  amname = 'btree' and opcname = 'complex_abs_ops'
      and proname = 'complex_abs_cmp';

-- now, we can define a btree index on complex types. First, let's populate
-- the table. Note that postgres needs many more tuples to start using the
-- btree index during selects.
INSERT INTO test_complex VALUES ('(56.0,-22.5)', '(-43.2,-0.07)')
INSERT INTO test_complex VALUES ('(-91.9,33.6)', '(8.6,3.0)');

CREATE INDEX test_cplx_ind ON test_complex
   USING btree(a complex_abs_ops);

SELECT * from test_complex where a = '(56.0,-22.5)';
SELECT * from test_complex where a < '(56.0,-22.5)';
SELECT * from test_complex where a > '(56.0,-22.5)';
