/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * nodeIndexscan.c
 *	  Routines to support indexes and indexed scans of relations
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2001, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/executor/nodeIndexscan.c,v 1.64 2001/10/28 06:25:43 momjian Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 * INTERFACE ROUTINES
 *		ExecIndexScan			scans a relation using indices
 *		ExecIndexNext			using index to retrieve next tuple
 *		ExecInitIndexScan		creates and initializes state info.
 *		ExecIndexReScan			rescans the indexed relation.
 *		ExecEndIndexScan		releases all storage.
 *		ExecIndexMarkPos		marks scan position.
 *		ExecIndexRestrPos		restores scan position.
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/genam.h"
#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "executor/execdebug.h"
#include "executor/nodeIndexscan.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/clauses.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"

/* ----------------
 *		Misc stuff to move to executor.h soon -cim 6/5/90
 * ----------------
 */
#define NO_OP			0
#define LEFT_OP			1
#define RIGHT_OP		2

static TupleTableSlot *IndexNext(IndexScan *node);

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		IndexNext
 *
 *		Retrieve a tuple from the IndexScan node's currentRelation
 *		using the indices in the IndexScanState information.
 *
 *		note: the old code mentions 'Primary indices'.	to my knowledge
 *		we only support a single secondary index. -cim 9/11/89
 *
 * old comments:
 *		retrieve a tuple from relation using the indices given.
 *		The indices are used in the order they appear in 'indices'.
 *		The indices may be primary or secondary indices:
 *		  * primary index --	scan the relation 'relID' using keys supplied.
 *		  * secondary index --	scan the index relation to get the 'tid' for
 *								a tuple in the relation 'relID'.
 *		If the current index(pointed by 'indexPtr') fails to return a
 *		tuple, the next index in the indices is used.
 *
 *		  bug fix so that it should retrieve on a null scan key.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static TupleTableSlot *
IndexNext(IndexScan *node)
{
	EState	   *estate;
	CommonScanState *scanstate;
	IndexScanState *indexstate;
	ExprContext *econtext;
	ScanDirection direction;
	Snapshot	snapshot;
	IndexScanDescPtr scanDescs;
	IndexScanDesc scandesc;
	Relation	heapRelation;
	RetrieveIndexResult result;
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	TupleTableSlot *slot;
	Buffer		buffer = InvalidBuffer;
	int			numIndices;
	bool		bBackward;
	int			indexNumber;

	/*
	 * extract necessary information from index scan node
	 */
	estate = node->scan.plan.state;
	direction = estate->es_direction;
	if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(node->indxorderdir))
	{
		if (ScanDirectionIsForward(direction))
			direction = BackwardScanDirection;
		else if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(direction))
			direction = ForwardScanDirection;
	}
	snapshot = estate->es_snapshot;
	scanstate = node->scan.scanstate;
	indexstate = node->indxstate;
	scanDescs = indexstate->iss_ScanDescs;
	heapRelation = scanstate->css_currentRelation;
	numIndices = indexstate->iss_NumIndices;
	econtext = scanstate->cstate.cs_ExprContext;
	slot = scanstate->css_ScanTupleSlot;

	/*
	 * Check if we are evaluating PlanQual for tuple of this relation.
	 * Additional checking is not good, but no other way for now. We could
	 * introduce new nodes for this case and handle IndexScan --> NewNode
	 * switching in Init/ReScan plan...
	 */
	if (estate->es_evTuple != NULL &&
		estate->es_evTuple[node->scan.scanrelid - 1] != NULL)
	{
		List	   *qual;

		ExecClearTuple(slot);
		if (estate->es_evTupleNull[node->scan.scanrelid - 1])
			return slot;		/* return empty slot */

		ExecStoreTuple(estate->es_evTuple[node->scan.scanrelid - 1],
					   slot, InvalidBuffer, false);

		/* Does the tuple meet any of the OR'd indxqual conditions? */
		econtext->ecxt_scantuple = slot;

		ResetExprContext(econtext);

		foreach(qual, node->indxqualorig)
		{
			if (ExecQual((List *) lfirst(qual), econtext, false))
				break;
		}
		if (qual == NIL)		/* would not be returned by indices */
			slot->val = NULL;

		/* Flag for the next call that no more tuples */
		estate->es_evTupleNull[node->scan.scanrelid - 1] = true;

		return slot;
	}

	tuple = &(indexstate->iss_htup);

	/*
	 * ok, now that we have what we need, fetch an index tuple. if
	 * scanning this index succeeded then return the appropriate heap
	 * tuple.. else return NULL.
	 */
	bBackward = ScanDirectionIsBackward(direction);
	if (bBackward)
	{
		indexNumber = numIndices - indexstate->iss_IndexPtr - 1;
		if (indexNumber < 0)
		{
			indexNumber = 0;
			indexstate->iss_IndexPtr = numIndices - 1;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		if ((indexNumber = indexstate->iss_IndexPtr) < 0)
		{
			indexNumber = 0;
			indexstate->iss_IndexPtr = 0;
		}
	}
	while (indexNumber < numIndices)
	{
		scandesc = scanDescs[indexstate->iss_IndexPtr];
		while ((result = index_getnext(scandesc, direction)) != NULL)
		{
			tuple->t_self = result->heap_iptr;
			heap_fetch(heapRelation, snapshot, tuple, &buffer, scandesc);
			pfree(result);

			if (tuple->t_data != NULL)
			{
				bool		prev_matches = false;
				int			prev_index;
				List	   *qual;

				/*
				 * store the scanned tuple in the scan tuple slot of the
				 * scan state.	Eventually we will only do this and not
				 * return a tuple.	Note: we pass 'false' because tuples
				 * returned by amgetnext are pointers onto disk pages and
				 * must not be pfree()'d.
				 */
				ExecStoreTuple(tuple,	/* tuple to store */
							   slot,	/* slot to store in */
							   buffer,	/* buffer associated with tuple  */
							   false);	/* don't pfree */

				/*
				 * At this point we have an extra pin on the buffer,
				 * because ExecStoreTuple incremented the pin count. Drop
				 * our local pin.
				 */
				ReleaseBuffer(buffer);

				/*
				 * We must check to see if the current tuple was already
				 * matched by an earlier index, so we don't double-report
				 * it. We do this by passing the tuple through ExecQual
				 * and checking for failure with all previous
				 * qualifications.
				 */
				econtext->ecxt_scantuple = slot;
				ResetExprContext(econtext);
				qual = node->indxqualorig;
				for (prev_index = 0; prev_index < indexstate->iss_IndexPtr;
					 prev_index++)
				{
					if (ExecQual((List *) lfirst(qual), econtext, false))
					{
						prev_matches = true;
						break;
					}
					qual = lnext(qual);
				}
				if (!prev_matches)
					return slot;	/* OK to return tuple */
				/* Duplicate tuple, so drop it and loop back for another */
				ExecClearTuple(slot);
			}
		}
		if (indexNumber < numIndices)
		{
			indexNumber++;
			if (bBackward)
				indexstate->iss_IndexPtr--;
			else
				indexstate->iss_IndexPtr++;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * if we get here it means the index scan failed so we are at the end
	 * of the scan..
	 */
	return ExecClearTuple(slot);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecIndexScan(node)
 *
 * old comments:
 *		Scans the relation using primary or secondary indices and returns
 *		   the next qualifying tuple in the direction specified.
 *		It calls ExecScan() and passes it the access methods which returns
 *		the next tuple using the indices.
 *
 *		Conditions:
 *		  -- the "cursor" maintained by the AMI is positioned at the tuple
 *			 returned previously.
 *
 *		Initial States:
 *		  -- the relation indicated is opened for scanning so that the
 *			 "cursor" is positioned before the first qualifying tuple.
 *		  -- all index realtions are opened for scanning.
 *		  -- indexPtr points to the first index.
 *		  -- state variable ruleFlag = nil.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
TupleTableSlot *
ExecIndexScan(IndexScan *node)
{
	IndexScanState *indexstate = node->indxstate;

	/*
	 * If we have runtime keys and they've not already been set up, do it
	 * now.
	 */
	if (indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeyInfo && !indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeysReady)
		ExecReScan((Plan *) node, NULL, NULL);

	/*
	 * use IndexNext as access method
	 */
	return ExecScan(&node->scan, (ExecScanAccessMtd) IndexNext);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecIndexReScan(node)
 *
 *		Recalculates the value of the scan keys whose value depends on
 *		information known at runtime and rescans the indexed relation.
 *		Updating the scan key was formerly done separately in
 *		ExecUpdateIndexScanKeys. Integrating it into ReScan makes
 *		rescans of indices and relations/general streams more uniform.
 *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
ExecIndexReScan(IndexScan *node, ExprContext *exprCtxt, Plan *parent)
{
	EState	   *estate;
	IndexScanState *indexstate;
	ExprContext *econtext;
	ScanDirection direction;
	IndexScanDescPtr scanDescs;
	ScanKey    *scanKeys;
	IndexScanDesc scan;
	ScanKey		skey;
	int			numIndices;
	int			i;
	int		  **runtimeKeyInfo;
	int		   *numScanKeys;
	List	   *indxqual;
	List	   *qual;
	int			n_keys;
	ScanKey		scan_keys;
	int		   *run_keys;
	int			j;
	Expr	   *clause;
	Node	   *scanexpr;
	Datum		scanvalue;
	bool		isNull;

	estate = node->scan.plan.state;
	indexstate = node->indxstate;
	econtext = indexstate->iss_RuntimeContext;	/* context for runtime
												 * keys */
	direction = estate->es_direction;
	numIndices = indexstate->iss_NumIndices;
	scanDescs = indexstate->iss_ScanDescs;
	scanKeys = indexstate->iss_ScanKeys;
	runtimeKeyInfo = indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeyInfo;
	numScanKeys = indexstate->iss_NumScanKeys;
	if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(node->indxorderdir))
		indexstate->iss_IndexPtr = numIndices;
	else
		indexstate->iss_IndexPtr = -1;

	if (econtext)
	{
		/*
		 * If we are being passed an outer tuple, save it for runtime key
		 * calc
		 */
		if (exprCtxt != NULL)
			econtext->ecxt_outertuple = exprCtxt->ecxt_outertuple;

		/*
		 * Reset the runtime-key context so we don't leak memory as each
		 * outer tuple is scanned.	Note this assumes that we will
		 * recalculate *all* runtime keys on each call.
		 */
		ResetExprContext(econtext);
	}

	/* If this is re-scanning of PlanQual ... */
	if (estate->es_evTuple != NULL &&
		estate->es_evTuple[node->scan.scanrelid - 1] != NULL)
	{
		estate->es_evTupleNull[node->scan.scanrelid - 1] = false;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * get the index qualifications and recalculate the appropriate values
	 */
	indxqual = node->indxqual;
	for (i = 0; i < numIndices; i++)
	{
		qual = lfirst(indxqual);
		indxqual = lnext(indxqual);
		n_keys = numScanKeys[i];
		scan_keys = (ScanKey) scanKeys[i];

		if (runtimeKeyInfo)
		{
			run_keys = runtimeKeyInfo[i];
			for (j = 0; j < n_keys; j++)
			{
				/*
				 * If we have a run-time key, then extract the run-time
				 * expression and evaluate it with respect to the current
				 * outer tuple.  We then stick the result into the scan
				 * key.
				 *
				 * Note: the result of the eval could be a pass-by-ref value
				 * that's stored in the outer scan's tuple, not in
				 * econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory.  We assume that the
				 * outer tuple will stay put throughout our scan.  If this
				 * is wrong, we could copy the result into our context
				 * explicitly, but I think that's not necessary...
				 */
				if (run_keys[j] != NO_OP)
				{
					clause = nth(j, qual);
					scanexpr = (run_keys[j] == RIGHT_OP) ?
						(Node *) get_rightop(clause) :
						(Node *) get_leftop(clause);

					scanvalue = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext(scanexpr,
														  econtext,
														  &isNull,
														  NULL);
					scan_keys[j].sk_argument = scanvalue;
					if (isNull)
						scan_keys[j].sk_flags |= SK_ISNULL;
					else
						scan_keys[j].sk_flags &= ~SK_ISNULL;
				}
			}
		}
		scan = scanDescs[i];
		skey = scanKeys[i];
		index_rescan(scan, direction, skey);
	}

	if (runtimeKeyInfo)
		indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeysReady = true;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecEndIndexScan
 *
 * old comments
 *		Releases any storage allocated through C routines.
 *		Returns nothing.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
ExecEndIndexScan(IndexScan *node)
{
	CommonScanState *scanstate;
	IndexScanState *indexstate;
	int		  **runtimeKeyInfo;
	ScanKey    *scanKeys;
	List	   *indxqual;
	int		   *numScanKeys;
	int			numIndices;
	int			i;

	scanstate = node->scan.scanstate;
	indexstate = node->indxstate;
	indxqual = node->indxqual;
	runtimeKeyInfo = indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeyInfo;

	/*
	 * extract information from the node
	 */
	numIndices = indexstate->iss_NumIndices;
	scanKeys = indexstate->iss_ScanKeys;
	numScanKeys = indexstate->iss_NumScanKeys;

	/*
	 * Free the projection info and the scan attribute info
	 *
	 * Note: we don't ExecFreeResultType(scanstate) because the rule manager
	 * depends on the tupType returned by ExecMain().  So for now, this is
	 * freed at end-transaction time.  -cim 6/2/91
	 */
	ExecFreeProjectionInfo(&scanstate->cstate);
	ExecFreeExprContext(&scanstate->cstate);
	if (indexstate->iss_RuntimeContext)
		FreeExprContext(indexstate->iss_RuntimeContext);

	/*
	 * close the heap and index relations
	 */
	ExecCloseR((Plan *) node);

	/*
	 * free the scan keys used in scanning the indices
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < numIndices; i++)
	{
		if (scanKeys[i] != NULL)
			pfree(scanKeys[i]);
	}
	pfree(scanKeys);
	pfree(numScanKeys);

	if (runtimeKeyInfo)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < numIndices; i++)
		{
			if (runtimeKeyInfo[i] != NULL)
				pfree(runtimeKeyInfo[i]);
		}
		pfree(runtimeKeyInfo);
	}

	/*
	 * clear out tuple table slots
	 */
	ExecClearTuple(scanstate->cstate.cs_ResultTupleSlot);
	ExecClearTuple(scanstate->css_ScanTupleSlot);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecIndexMarkPos
 *
 * old comments
 *		Marks scan position by marking the current index.
 *		Returns nothing.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
ExecIndexMarkPos(IndexScan *node)
{
	IndexScanState *indexstate;
	IndexScanDescPtr indexScanDescs;
	IndexScanDesc scanDesc;
	int			indexPtr;

	indexstate = node->indxstate;
	indexPtr = indexstate->iss_MarkIndexPtr = indexstate->iss_IndexPtr;
	indexScanDescs = indexstate->iss_ScanDescs;
	scanDesc = indexScanDescs[indexPtr];

#ifdef NOT_USED
	IndexScanMarkPosition(scanDesc);
#endif
	index_markpos(scanDesc);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecIndexRestrPos
 *
 * old comments
 *		Restores scan position by restoring the current index.
 *		Returns nothing.
 *
 *		XXX Assumes previously marked scan position belongs to current index
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
ExecIndexRestrPos(IndexScan *node)
{
	IndexScanState *indexstate;
	IndexScanDescPtr indexScanDescs;
	IndexScanDesc scanDesc;
	int			indexPtr;

	indexstate = node->indxstate;
	indexPtr = indexstate->iss_IndexPtr = indexstate->iss_MarkIndexPtr;
	indexScanDescs = indexstate->iss_ScanDescs;
	scanDesc = indexScanDescs[indexPtr];

#ifdef NOT_USED
	IndexScanRestorePosition(scanDesc);
#endif
	index_restrpos(scanDesc);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecInitIndexScan
  *
 *		Initializes the index scan's state information, creates
 *		scan keys, and opens the base and index relations.
 *
 *		Note: index scans have 2 sets of state information because
 *			  we have to keep track of the base relation and the
 *			  index relations.
 *
 * old comments
 *		Creates the run-time state information for the node and
 *		sets the relation id to contain relevant descriptors.
 *
 *		Parameters:
 *		  node: IndexNode node produced by the planner.
 *		  estate: the execution state initialized in InitPlan.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
bool
ExecInitIndexScan(IndexScan *node, EState *estate, Plan *parent)
{
	IndexScanState *indexstate;
	CommonScanState *scanstate;
	List	   *indxqual;
	List	   *indxid;
	int			i;
	int			numIndices;
	int			indexPtr;
	ScanKey    *scanKeys;
	int		   *numScanKeys;
	RelationPtr relationDescs;
	IndexScanDescPtr scanDescs;
	int		  **runtimeKeyInfo;
	bool		have_runtime_keys;
	List	   *rangeTable;
	RangeTblEntry *rtentry;
	Index		relid;
	Oid			reloid;
	Relation	currentRelation;
	HeapScanDesc currentScanDesc;
	ScanDirection direction;

	/*
	 * assign execution state to node
	 */
	node->scan.plan.state = estate;

	/*
	 * Part 1)	initialize scan state
	 *
	 * create new CommonScanState for node
	 */
	scanstate = makeNode(CommonScanState);
	node->scan.scanstate = scanstate;

	/*
	 * Miscellaneous initialization
	 *
	 * create expression context for node
	 */
	ExecAssignExprContext(estate, &scanstate->cstate);

#define INDEXSCAN_NSLOTS 2

	/*
	 * tuple table initialization
	 */
	ExecInitResultTupleSlot(estate, &scanstate->cstate);
	ExecInitScanTupleSlot(estate, scanstate);

	/*
	 * initialize projection info.	result type comes from scan desc
	 * below..
	 */
	ExecAssignProjectionInfo((Plan *) node, &scanstate->cstate);

	/*
	 * Part 2)	initialize index scan state
	 *
	 * create new IndexScanState for node
	 */
	indexstate = makeNode(IndexScanState);
	indexstate->iss_NumIndices = 0;
	indexstate->iss_IndexPtr = -1;
	indexstate->iss_ScanKeys = NULL;
	indexstate->iss_NumScanKeys = NULL;
	indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeyInfo = NULL;
	indexstate->iss_RuntimeContext = NULL;
	indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeysReady = false;
	indexstate->iss_RelationDescs = NULL;
	indexstate->iss_ScanDescs = NULL;

	node->indxstate = indexstate;

	/*
	 * get the index node information
	 */
	indxid = node->indxid;
	numIndices = length(indxid);
	indexPtr = -1;

	CXT1_printf("ExecInitIndexScan: context is %d\n", CurrentMemoryContext);

	/*
	 * scanKeys is used to keep track of the ScanKey's. This is needed
	 * because a single scan may use several indices and each index has
	 * its own ScanKey.
	 */
	numScanKeys = (int *) palloc(numIndices * sizeof(int));
	scanKeys = (ScanKey *) palloc(numIndices * sizeof(ScanKey));
	relationDescs = (RelationPtr) palloc(numIndices * sizeof(Relation));
	scanDescs = (IndexScanDescPtr) palloc(numIndices * sizeof(IndexScanDesc));

	/*
	 * initialize space for runtime key info (may not be needed)
	 */
	have_runtime_keys = false;
	runtimeKeyInfo = (int **) palloc(numIndices * sizeof(int *));

	/*
	 * build the index scan keys from the index qualification
	 */
	indxqual = node->indxqual;
	for (i = 0; i < numIndices; i++)
	{
		int			j;
		List	   *qual;
		int			n_keys;
		ScanKey		scan_keys;
		int		   *run_keys;

		qual = lfirst(indxqual);
		indxqual = lnext(indxqual);
		n_keys = length(qual);
		scan_keys = (n_keys <= 0) ? (ScanKey) NULL :
			(ScanKey) palloc(n_keys * sizeof(ScanKeyData));
		run_keys = (n_keys <= 0) ? (int *) NULL :
			(int *) palloc(n_keys * sizeof(int));

		CXT1_printf("ExecInitIndexScan: context is %d\n", CurrentMemoryContext);

		/*
		 * for each opclause in the given qual, convert each qual's
		 * opclause into a single scan key
		 */
		for (j = 0; j < n_keys; j++)
		{
			Expr	   *clause; /* one clause of index qual */
			Oper	   *op;		/* operator used in clause */
			Node	   *leftop; /* expr on lhs of operator */
			Node	   *rightop;	/* expr on rhs ... */
			bits16		flags = 0;

			int			scanvar;	/* which var identifies varattno */
			AttrNumber	varattno = 0;	/* att number used in scan */
			Oid			opid;	/* operator id used in scan */
			Datum		scanvalue = 0;	/* value used in scan (if const) */

			/*
			 * extract clause information from the qualification
			 */
			clause = nth(j, qual);

			op = (Oper *) clause->oper;
			if (!IsA(clause, Expr) ||!IsA(op, Oper))
				elog(ERROR, "ExecInitIndexScan: indxqual not an opclause!");

			opid = op->opid;

			/*
			 * Here we figure out the contents of the index qual. The
			 * usual case is (var op const) or (const op var) which means
			 * we form a scan key for the attribute listed in the var node
			 * and use the value of the const.
			 *
			 * If we don't have a const node, then it means that one of the
			 * var nodes refers to the "scan" tuple and is used to
			 * determine which attribute to scan, and the other expression
			 * is used to calculate the value used in scanning the index.
			 *
			 * This means our index scan's scan key is a function of
			 * information obtained during the execution of the plan in
			 * which case we need to recalculate the index scan key at run
			 * time.
			 *
			 * Hence, we set have_runtime_keys to true and then set the
			 * appropriate flag in run_keys to LEFT_OP or RIGHT_OP. The
			 * corresponding scan keys are recomputed at run time.
			 *
			 * XXX Although this code *thinks* it can handle an indexqual
			 * with the indexkey on either side, in fact it cannot.
			 * Indexscans only work with quals that have the indexkey on
			 * the left (the planner/optimizer makes sure it never passes
			 * anything else).	The reason: the scankey machinery has no
			 * provision for distinguishing which side of the operator is
			 * the indexed attribute and which is the compared-to
			 * constant. It just assumes that the attribute is on the left
			 * :-(
			 *
			 * I am leaving this code able to support both ways, even though
			 * half of it is dead code, on the off chance that someone
			 * will fix the scankey machinery someday --- tgl 8/11/99.
			 */

			scanvar = NO_OP;
			run_keys[j] = NO_OP;

			/*
			 * determine information in leftop
			 */
			leftop = (Node *) get_leftop(clause);

			if (leftop && IsA(leftop, RelabelType))
				leftop = ((RelabelType *) leftop)->arg;

			Assert(leftop != NULL);

			if (IsA(leftop, Var) &&var_is_rel((Var *) leftop))
			{
				/*
				 * if the leftop is a "rel-var", then it means that it is
				 * a var node which tells us which attribute to use for
				 * our scan key.
				 */
				varattno = ((Var *) leftop)->varattno;
				scanvar = LEFT_OP;
			}
			else if (IsA(leftop, Const))
			{
				/*
				 * if the leftop is a const node then it means it
				 * identifies the value to place in our scan key.
				 */
				scanvalue = ((Const *) leftop)->constvalue;
				if (((Const *) leftop)->constisnull)
					flags |= SK_ISNULL;
			}
			else if (IsA(leftop, Param))
			{
				bool		isnull;

				/*
				 * if the leftop is a Param node then it means it
				 * identifies the value to place in our scan key.
				 */

				/* Life was so easy before ... subselects */
				if (((Param *) leftop)->paramkind == PARAM_EXEC)
				{
					/* treat Param as runtime key */
					have_runtime_keys = true;
					run_keys[j] = LEFT_OP;
				}
				else
				{
					/* treat Param like a constant */
					scanvalue = ExecEvalParam((Param *) leftop,
										scanstate->cstate.cs_ExprContext,
											  &isnull);
					if (isnull)
						flags |= SK_ISNULL;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				/*
				 * otherwise, the leftop contains an expression evaluable
				 * at runtime to figure out the value to place in our scan
				 * key.
				 */
				have_runtime_keys = true;
				run_keys[j] = LEFT_OP;
			}

			/*
			 * now determine information in rightop
			 */
			rightop = (Node *) get_rightop(clause);

			if (rightop && IsA(rightop, RelabelType))
				rightop = ((RelabelType *) rightop)->arg;

			Assert(rightop != NULL);

			if (IsA(rightop, Var) &&var_is_rel((Var *) rightop))
			{
				/*
				 * here we make sure only one op identifies the
				 * scan-attribute...
				 */
				if (scanvar == LEFT_OP)
					elog(ERROR, "ExecInitIndexScan: %s",
						 "both left and right op's are rel-vars");

				/*
				 * if the rightop is a "rel-var", then it means that it is
				 * a var node which tells us which attribute to use for
				 * our scan key.
				 */
				varattno = ((Var *) rightop)->varattno;
				scanvar = RIGHT_OP;
			}
			else if (IsA(rightop, Const))
			{
				/*
				 * if the rightop is a const node then it means it
				 * identifies the value to place in our scan key.
				 */
				scanvalue = ((Const *) rightop)->constvalue;
				if (((Const *) rightop)->constisnull)
					flags |= SK_ISNULL;
			}
			else if (IsA(rightop, Param))
			{
				bool		isnull;

				/*
				 * if the rightop is a Param node then it means it
				 * identifies the value to place in our scan key.
				 */

				/* Life was so easy before ... subselects */
				if (((Param *) rightop)->paramkind == PARAM_EXEC)
				{
					/* treat Param as runtime key */
					have_runtime_keys = true;
					run_keys[j] = RIGHT_OP;
				}
				else
				{
					/* treat Param like a constant */
					scanvalue = ExecEvalParam((Param *) rightop,
										scanstate->cstate.cs_ExprContext,
											  &isnull);
					if (isnull)
						flags |= SK_ISNULL;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				/*
				 * otherwise, the rightop contains an expression evaluable
				 * at runtime to figure out the value to place in our scan
				 * key.
				 */
				have_runtime_keys = true;
				run_keys[j] = RIGHT_OP;
			}

			/*
			 * now check that at least one op tells us the scan
			 * attribute...
			 */
			if (scanvar == NO_OP)
				elog(ERROR, "ExecInitIndexScan: %s",
					 "neither leftop nor rightop refer to scan relation");

			/*
			 * initialize the scan key's fields appropriately
			 */
			ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&scan_keys[j],
								   flags,
								   varattno,	/* attribute number to
												 * scan */
								   (RegProcedure) opid, /* reg proc to use */
								   scanvalue);	/* constant */
		}

		/*
		 * store the key information into our arrays.
		 */
		numScanKeys[i] = n_keys;
		scanKeys[i] = scan_keys;
		runtimeKeyInfo[i] = run_keys;
	}

	indexstate->iss_NumIndices = numIndices;
	if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(node->indxorderdir))
		indexPtr = numIndices;
	indexstate->iss_IndexPtr = indexPtr;
	indexstate->iss_ScanKeys = scanKeys;
	indexstate->iss_NumScanKeys = numScanKeys;

	/*
	 * If all of our keys have the form (op var const) , then we have no
	 * runtime keys so we store NULL in the runtime key info. Otherwise
	 * runtime key info contains an array of pointers (one for each index)
	 * to arrays of flags (one for each key) which indicate that the qual
	 * needs to be evaluated at runtime. -cim 10/24/89
	 *
	 * If we do have runtime keys, we need an ExprContext to evaluate them;
	 * the node's standard context won't do because we want to reset that
	 * context for every tuple.  So, build another context just like the
	 * other one... -tgl 7/11/00
	 */
	if (have_runtime_keys)
	{
		ExprContext *stdecontext = scanstate->cstate.cs_ExprContext;

		ExecAssignExprContext(estate, &scanstate->cstate);
		indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeyInfo = runtimeKeyInfo;
		indexstate->iss_RuntimeContext = scanstate->cstate.cs_ExprContext;
		scanstate->cstate.cs_ExprContext = stdecontext;
	}
	else
	{
		indexstate->iss_RuntimeKeyInfo = NULL;
		indexstate->iss_RuntimeContext = NULL;
		/* Get rid of the speculatively-allocated flag arrays, too */
		for (i = 0; i < numIndices; i++)
		{
			if (runtimeKeyInfo[i] != NULL)
				pfree(runtimeKeyInfo[i]);
		}
		pfree(runtimeKeyInfo);
	}

	/*
	 * get the range table and direction information from the execution
	 * state (these are needed to open the relations).
	 */
	rangeTable = estate->es_range_table;
	direction = estate->es_direction;

	/*
	 * open the base relation
	 */
	relid = node->scan.scanrelid;
	rtentry = rt_fetch(relid, rangeTable);
	reloid = rtentry->relid;

	ExecOpenScanR(reloid,		/* relation */
				  0,			/* nkeys */
				  (ScanKey) NULL,		/* scan key */
				  false,		/* is index */
				  direction,	/* scan direction */
				  estate->es_snapshot,	/* */
				  &currentRelation,		/* return: rel desc */
				  (Pointer *) &currentScanDesc);		/* return: scan desc */

	if (!RelationGetForm(currentRelation)->relhasindex)
		elog(ERROR, "indexes of the relation %u was inactivated", reloid);
	scanstate->css_currentRelation = currentRelation;
	scanstate->css_currentScanDesc = currentScanDesc;

	/*
	 * get the scan type from the relation descriptor.
	 */
	ExecAssignScanType(scanstate, RelationGetDescr(currentRelation), false);
	ExecAssignResultTypeFromTL((Plan *) node, &scanstate->cstate);

	/*
	 * open the index relations and initialize relation and scan
	 * descriptors.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < numIndices; i++)
	{
		Oid			indexOid = (Oid) nthi(i, indxid);

		if (indexOid != 0)
		{
			ExecOpenScanR(indexOid,		/* relation */
						  numScanKeys[i],		/* nkeys */
						  scanKeys[i],	/* scan key */
						  true, /* is index */
						  direction,	/* scan direction */
						  estate->es_snapshot,
						  &(relationDescs[i]),	/* return: rel desc */
						  (Pointer *) &(scanDescs[i]));
			/* return: scan desc */
		}
	}

	indexstate->iss_RelationDescs = relationDescs;
	indexstate->iss_ScanDescs = scanDescs;

	/*
	 * all done.
	 */
	return TRUE;
}

int
ExecCountSlotsIndexScan(IndexScan *node)
{
	return ExecCountSlotsNode(outerPlan((Plan *) node)) +
		ExecCountSlotsNode(innerPlan((Plan *) node)) + INDEXSCAN_NSLOTS;
}
