<!-- doc/src/sgml/release-9.3.sgml -->
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 <sect1 id="release-9-3">
  <title>Release 9.3</title>

  <note>
   <title>Release Date</title>
   <simpara>2013-XX-XX, CURRENT AS OF 2013-05-03</simpara>
  </note>

  <sect2>
   <title>Overview</title>

   <para>
    ADD HERE  Major enhancements include:
   </para>

    <!-- This list duplicates items below, but without authors or details-->

   <para>
    The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
   </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2>

  <title>Migration to Version 9.3</title>

   <para>
    A dump/restore using <link
    linkend="APP-PG-DUMPALL"><application>pg_dumpall</></link>, or use
    of <link linkend="pgupgrade"><application>pg_upgrade</></link>, is
    required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
   </para>

   <para>
    Version 9.3 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility
    with previous releases.  Observe the following incompatibilities:
   </para>

   <sect3>
    <title>ADD HERE</title>
     <para>here</para>
   </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2>
   <title>Changes</title>

   <para>
    Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.3 and the previous major
    release.
   </para>

   <sect3>
    <title>Server</title>

    <sect4>
     <title>Locking</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Prevent non-key-field row updates from locking foreign key rows
        (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera, Noah Misch, Andres Freund, Alexander
        Shulgin, Marti Raudsepp)
       </para>

       <para>
        This improves concurrency and reduces the probability of deadlocks.
        <command>UPDATE</>s on non-key columns use the new <command>SELECT
        FOR NO KEY UPDATE</> lock type, and foreign key checks use the
        new <command>SELECT FOR KEY SHARE</> lock mode.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add configuration variable <varname>lock_timeout</> to limit lock
        wait duration (Zolt&aacute;n B&ouml;sz&ouml;rm&eacute;nyi)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add cache of local locks (Jeff Janes)
       </para>

       <para>
        This speeds lock release at statement completion in
        transactions that hold many locks; it is particularly useful
        for <application>pg_dump</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Indexes</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <type>SP-GiST</> support for range data types (Alexander Korotkov)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow unlogged <type>GiST</> indexes (Jeevan Chalke)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve concurrency of hash indexes (Robert Haas)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Optimizer</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Collect and use histograms for range types (Alexander Korotkov)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Reduce optimizer overhead by discarding plans with unneeded cheaper
        startup costs (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve optimizer cost estimation for index access (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>General Performance</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <command>COPY FREEZE</> option to avoid the overhead of later
        marking tuples as committed (Simon Riggs, Jeff Davis)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve performance of <type>NUMERIC</> calculations (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve grouping of sessions waiting for <varname>commit_delay</>
        (Peter Geoghegan)
       </para>

       <para>
        This improves the usefulness and behavior of
        <varname>commit_delay</>.  BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow in-memory sorts to use their full memory allocation (Jeff Janes)
       </para>

       <para>
        Users who have set <varname>work_mem</> based on the previous
        behavior should revisit that setting.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve performance for transactions creating, rebuilding, or
        dropping many relations (Jeff Janes, Tomas Vondra)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve performance of the <command>CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
        ... ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS</> clause by only issuing delete if
        the temporary table was accessed (Heikki Linnakangas)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have vacuum recheck visibility after it has removed expired tuples
        (Pavan Deolasee)
       </para>

       <para>
        This increases the chance of a page being marked as all-visible.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Split pgstat file into per-database and global files (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>

       <para>
        This reduces the statistics management read and write overhead.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Monitoring</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add optional ability to checksum data pages and report corruption
        (Simon Riggs, Jeff Davis, Greg Smith, Ants Aasma)
       </para>

       <para>
        The checksum option can be set during initdb.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <function>pg_terminate_backend()</> to terminate other
        backends with the same role (Dan Farina)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously, only superusers could terminate other sessions.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow the statistics collector to operate properly in cases where
        the system clock goes backwards (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously statistics collection would stop until the time again
        reached the previously-stored latest time.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Authentication</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve <acronym>LDAP</> error reporting and documentation
        (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add support for <acronym>LDAP</> authentication to be specified
        in <acronym>URL</> format (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Change the <varname>ssl_ciphers</> parameter to start with
        <literal>DEFAULT</>, rather than <literal>ALL</>, then remove
        insecure ciphers (Magnus Hagander)
       </para>

       <para>
        It is assumed <literal>DEFAULT</> is more appropriate cipher set.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Parse/load <filename>pg_ident.conf</> once, not during each
        connection (Amit Kapila)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is similar to how <filename>pg_hba.conf</> is processed.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Server Settings</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Dramatically reduce System V shared memory usage (Robert Haas)
       </para>

       <para>
        Instead, on Unix-like systems, <function>mmap()</> is used for
        shared memory.  This eliminates the requirement of increasing
        System V shared memory kernel parameters.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow the postmaster to listen on multiple Unix-domain sockets
        (Honza Hor&aacute;k)
       </para>

       <para>
        This renames configuration parameter
        <varname>unix_socket_directory</> to
        <varname>unix_socket_directories</>, which accepts a list of
        directories.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow a directory of configuration files to be processed (Magnus
        Hagander, Greg Smith, Selena Deckelmann)
       </para>

       <para>
        The directory is specified as <varname>include_dir</> in server
        configuration file.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Increase the maximum initdb-configured value for
        <varname>shared_buffers</> to 128MB (Robert Haas)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is the maximum value initdb attempts to set in
        <filename>postgresql.conf</>;  the previous value was 32MB.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Require superuser privileges to set <varname>commit_delay</>
        because it can now potentially delay other sessions (Simon Riggs)
        BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY
       </para>
      </listitem>


      <listitem>
       <para>
        Remove the external <acronym>PID</> file on postmaster exit
        (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <quote>session id</> (<literal>%c</>) in
        <varname>log_line_prefix</> always output four hex digits after
        the period (Bruce Momjian) COMPATIBILITY
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Replication and Recovery</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow a streaming replication standbys to follow a timeline switch
        (Heikki Linnakangas)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows streaming standbys to feed from newly-promoted slaves.
        Previously slaves required access to a <acronym>WAL</> archive directory to
        accomplish this.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <acronym>SQL</> functions <function>pg_backup_in_progress()</>
        and <function>pg_backup_start_time()</> (Gilles Darold)
       </para>

       <para>
        These functions report the status of base backups.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve performance of streaming log shipping with
        <varname>synchronous_commit</> disabled (Andres Freund)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow much faster promotion of a streaming standby to primary (Simon
        Riggs, Kyotaro Horiguchi)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add the last checkpoint's redo location to
        <application>pg_controldata</>'s output (Fujii Masao)
       </para>

       <para>
        This information is useful for determining the <acronym>WAL</>
        files needed for restore.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow tooling like <application>pg_receivexlog</> to run on computers with different
        architectures (Heikki Linnakangas)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <application>pg_basebackup</> <option>--write-recovery-conf</>
        output a minimal <filename>recovery.conf</> (Zolt&aacute;n
        B&ouml;sz&ouml;rm&eacute;nyi, Magnus Hagander)
       </para>

       <para>
        This simplifies setting up a standby server.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <application>pg_receivexlog</> and
        <application>pg_basebackup</> <option>--xlog-method</> to handle
        streaming timeline switches (Heikki Linnakangas)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <varname>wal_receiver_timeout</> parameter to control the <acronym>WAL</>
        receiver timeout (Amit Kapila)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows more rapid detection of connection failure. No longer set
        <varname>wal_receiver_status_interval</>?
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Rename <varname>replication_timeout</> to <varname>wal_sender_timeout</> (Amit Kapila)
       </para>

       <para>
        BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY
        This setting controls the <acronym>WAL</> sender timeout.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    <sect4>
     <title>Write-Ahead Log (<acronym>WAL</>)</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Store <acronym>WAL</> in a continuous stream, rather than skipping
        the last 16MB segment every 4GB (Heikki Linnakangas)  BACKWARD
        COMPATIBLE BREAK
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously, <acronym>WAL</> files ending in <literal>FF</> were
        not used.  If you have <acronym>WAL</> backup or restore scripts
        that took that skipping into account, they need to be adjusted.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Change the <acronym>WAL</> record format to allow splitting the record header
        across pages (Heikki Linnakangas)
       </para>

       <para>
        The new format is slightly more compact.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Queries</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Implement <acronym>SQL</>-standard <literal>LATERAL</> for
        <literal>FROM</>-clause subqueries and function calls (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is useful in allowing <literal>FROM</> subqueries and
        functions to reference output from tables in the <literal>FROM</>
        clause. The <literal>LATERAL</> keyword is optional for functions.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add support for piping <command>COPY</> and <application>psql</>
        <command>\copy</> to/from an external program (Etsuro Fujita)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve query string error location reporting (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        Only <command>CREATE SCHEMA ... IF NOT EXISTS</>?  If so, remove it.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Object Manipulation</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add support to event triggers (Dimitri Fontaine, Robert Haas,
        &Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows C functions to be called when specific commands are run.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow a multi-row <literal>VALUES</> clause in rules to reference
        <literal>OLD</>/<literal>NEW</> (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <command>CREATE SCHEMA ... IF NOT EXISTS</> clause (Fabr&iacute;zio de
        Royes Mello)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Throw an error if expiring tuple is again updated or deleted (Kevin Grittner)
        DETAILS?  BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <command>REASSIGN OWNED</> also change ownership of shared
        objects (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE"><command>CREATE TABLE</></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        No longer output messages about implicit index and sequence creation (Robert Haas)
       </para>

       <para>
        These messages now appear with <literal>DEBUG1</>-level output.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <command>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS</> to succeed for a
        non-existent schema (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>

       <para>
         Previously, it threw an error if the schema did not exist.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Constraints</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Change <literal>ON UPDATE SET NULL/SET DEFAULT</> foreign key
        actions to affect all referenced columns, not just those referenced
        in the <command>UPDATE</> (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously only columns referenced in the <command>UPDATE</> were
        set to null or <literal>DEFAULT</>.  BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY CHANGE
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Provide clients with constraint violation details as separate fields
        (Pavel Stehule)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows clients to retrieve table, column, data type, or constraint
        name error details. Previously such information had to be extracted from
        error strings. Client language support is required to access these
        fields.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Internally store default foreign key matches (non-<literal>FULL</>,
        non-<literal>PARTIAL</>) as <quote>simple</> (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        These were previously stored as "&lt;unspecified&gt;".
        This changes the value stored in system column
        <structname>pg_constraint.confmatchtype</>.  BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY
        CHANGE
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><command>ALTER</></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add the <command>ALTER TYPE ... IF NOT EXISTS</> clause when
        adding enumerated type labels (Andrew Dunstan)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is useful for conditional label creation in transaction blocks.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <command>ALTER ROLE ALL SET</> to add settings to all users
        (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows settings to apply to all users in all
        databases. <command>ALTER DATABASE SET</> already allowed
        addition of settings for all users in a single database.
        <filename>postgresql.conf</> has a similar effect.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add support for <command>ALTER RULE ... RENAME</> (Ali Dar)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="rules-views"><command>VIEWs</></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add a materialized view relations (Kevin Grittner)
       </para>

       <para>
        Unlike ordinary views, where the base tables are read on every access,
        materialized views create physical tables at creation or refresh time.
        Access to the materialized view reads from these materialized physical
        tables. There is no facility for incrementally refreshing materialized
        views or auto-accessing them via base table access.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Make simple views auto-updatable (Dean Rasheed)
       </para>

       <para>
        Simple views that reference some or all columns from a single base table
        are now updatable by default. More complex views can be made updatable
        using <literal>INSTEAD OF</> triggers or <literal>INSTEAD</> rules.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow views and rules to handle cases where referenced tables are
        renamed, or columns are renamed, added, or dropped (Tom Lane)
        HOW DOES IT HANDLE A DROPPED REFERENCED COLUMN?
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <command>CREATE RECURSIVE VIEW</> syntax (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>

       <para>
        Internally this is translated into <command>CREATE VIEW ... WITH
        RECURSIVE</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        When converting a table to a view, remove its system columns (Tom Lane)
        KEEP?
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Data Types</title>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Increase the maximum length of large objects from 2GB to 4TB (Nozomi
        Anzai, Yugo Nagata)
       </para>

       <para>
        This change includes new libpq and server-side 64-bit-enabled functions.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow text timezone designations, e.g. <quote>America/Chicago</>
        when using the <acronym>ISO</> <quote>T</> timestamptz format (Bruce
        Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   <sect4>
    <title><type>JSON</></title>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add operators and functions to extract values from <type>JSON</> data strings
        (Andrew Dunstan)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <type>JSON</> data strings to be converted into records (Andrew Dunstan)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add functions to convert values, records, and hstore data to
        <type>JSON</> (Andrew Dunstan)
       </para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect4>

   </sect3>


   <sect3>
    <title>Functions</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <function>array_remove()</> and <function>array_replace()</>
        functions (Marco Nenciarini, Gabriele Bartolini)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <function>concat()</> and <function>format()</> to properly
        expand <literal>VARIADIC</>-labeled arguments (Pavel Stehule)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve <function>format()</> to handle field width and left/right
        alignment (Pavel Stehule)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <function>to_char()</>, <function>to_date()</>, and
        <function>to_timestamp()</> properly handle negative century
        designations (<literal>CC</>) (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously the behavior was either wrong or inconsistent
        with positive/<acronym>AD</> handling, e.g. format mask
        <quote>IYYY-IW-DY</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <function>to_date()</> and <function>to_timestamp()</>
        return proper results when mixing <acronym>ISO</> and Gregorian
        week/day designations (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Cause <function>pg_get_viewdef()</> to default to wrapping after
        every <command>SELECT</> target list and <literal>FROM</> entry
        (Marko Tiikkaja)
       </para>

       <para>
        This causes view output, like from <application>pg_dump</>,
        to be more narrow.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <function>map_sql_value_to_xml_value()</> properly expand
        domains (Pavel Stehule)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Force cached functions to be replanned if the <varname>search_path</> changes (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously functions already run in the current session ignored
        <varname>search_path</> changes.
        (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Server-Side Languages</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <acronym>SPI</> functions to access the number of rows
        processed by <command>COPY</> (Pavel Stehule)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="plpgsql">PL/pgSQL</link> Server-Side Language</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow PL/pgSQL to use <literal>RETURN</> with a composite-type
        expressions (Asif Rehman)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously <literal>RETURN</> could only reference composite-type variables.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow PL/pgSQL to access the number of rows processed by
        <command>COPY</> (Pavel Stehule)
       </para>

       <para>
        The command is <command>GET DIAGNOSTICS x = ROW_COUNT</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow greater flexibility in where keywords can be used in PL/pgSQL (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="plpython">PL/Python</link> Server-Side Language</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add PL/Python result object string handler (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows plpy.debug(rv) to output something reasonable.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have PL/Python convert oid values to a proper Python numeric type (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Handle <acronym>SPI</> errors raised explicitly with PL/Python's
        <literal>RAISE</> the same as as internal <acronym>SPI</> errors
        (Oskari Saarenmaa and Jan Urbanski)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Client Applications</title>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add command-line utility <application>pg_isready</> to check if
        the server is ready to accept connections (Phil Sorber)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Support multiple <option>--table</> arguments for
        <application>pg_restore</>, <application>clusterdb</>,
        <application>reindexdb</>, and <application>vacuumdb</> (Josh
        Kupershmidt)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is similar to the <application>pg_dump</> <option>--table</>
        support.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <option>--dbname</> option to <application>pg_dumpall</>,
        <application>pg_basebackup</>, <application>pg_receivexlog</>
        to specify the connection string (Amit Kapila)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add libpq function <function>PQconninfo()</> to return connection
        information (Zolt&aacute;n B&ouml;sz&ouml;rm&eacute;nyi, Magnus
        Hagander)
       </para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="APP-PSQL"><application>psql</></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Adjust function cost settings so <application>psql</> tab
        completion and pattern searching is more efficient (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve <application>psql</> tab completion (Jeff Janes, Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow the <application>psql</> <option>--single-transaction</> mode to work when
        reading from standard input (Fabien Coelho, Robert Haas)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously this option only worked when reading from a file.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Remove <application>psql</> warning when connecting to an older
        server (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>

       <para>
        The warning when connecting to a newer server was retained.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    <sect5>
     <title>Backslash Commands</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <application>psql</> <command>\watch</> command to repeatedly
        execute commands (Will Leinweber)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <application>psql</> command <command>\gset</> to store query
        results in <application>psql</> variables (Pavel Stehule)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <acronym>SSL</> information to <application>psql</>'s
        <command>\conninfo</> command (Alastair Turner)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add "Security" label to <application>psql</> <command>\df+</>
        output (Jon Erdman)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <application>psql</> <command>\l</> to accept a database
        name pattern (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        In <application>psql</>, do not allow <command>\connect</> to
        use defaults if there is no active connection (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>

       <para>
        This might be the case if the server had crashed.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Properly reset state if <application>psql</>'s <quote>\g file</>
        command failed (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously failed commands discarded output from subsequent commands.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect5>

    <sect5>
     <title>Output</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add a <literal>latex-longtable</> output format to
        <application>psql</> (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>

       <para>
        Longtable allows tables to span multiple pages.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add a <literal>border=3</> output mode to the <application>psql</>
        <literal>latex</> format (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        In <application>psql</> tuples-only and expanded modes, no longer
        output <quote>(No rows)</> (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        In <application>psql</>, no longer print an empty line for
        unaligned, expanded output for zero rows (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect5>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <application>pg_dump</> <option>--jobs</> to dump in parallel
        when using directory output format  (Joachim Wieland)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <application>pg_dump</> output functions in a predictable
        order (Joel Jacobson)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Fix tar files emitted by <application>pg_dump</> and
        <application>pg_basebackup</> to be <acronym>POSIX</> conformant
        (Brian Weaver, Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <option>--dbname</> option to <application>pg_dump</>, for
        consistency with other client commands (Heikki Linnakangas)
       </para>

       <para>
        The database name could already be supplied last without a flag.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="APP-INITDB"><application>initdb</></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have initdb fsync the newly created data directory (Jeff Davis)
       </para>

       <para>
        This can be disabled by using <option>--nosync</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add initdb <option>--sync-only</> option to sync the data directory to durable
        storage (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is used by <application>pg_upgrade</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have initdb issue a warning about placing the data directory at the
        top of file system mount points (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Source Code</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add an embedded list interface (Andres Freund)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add infrastructure to better support plug-in background worker
        processes  (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Create a centralized timeout <acronym>API</> (Zolt&aacute;n
        B&ouml;sz&ouml;rm&eacute;nyi)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Create libpgcommon and move <function>pg_malloc()</> and other
        functions there (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera, Andres Freund)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows libpgport to be used solely for porting code.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Standardize on naming of client-side memory allocation functions (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add compiler designations to indicate some <function>ereport()</>
        and <function>elog()</> calls do not return (Peter Eisentraut,
        Andres Freund, Tom Lane, Heikki Linnakangas)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow options to be passed to the regression test output comparison
        utility via <envar>PG_REGRESS_DIFF_OPTS</> (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add isolation tests for <command>CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY</> (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Remove typedefs for int2/int4 as they are better represented as int16/int32 (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Fix install-strip on Mac <productname>OS X</> (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Remove configure flag <option>--disable-shared</>, as it is no
        longer used (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Rewrite pgindent in Perl (Andrew Dunstan)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add emacs macro to match <productname>PostgreSQL</> perltidy
        formatting (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Run tool to check the keyword list when the backend grammar is changed (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Centralize flex and bison 'make' rules (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is useful for pgxs authors.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <function>Assert()</> functionality to client-side code for
        frontend code (Andrew Dunstan)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Change many internal many backend functions to return <type>OID</>s rather
        than void (Dimitri Fontaine)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is useful for event triggers.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Invent pre-commit/pre-prepare/pre-subcommit events for transaction
        callbacks (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        Loadable modules that use transaction callbacks might need modification
        to handle these new event types.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add function <function>pg_identify_object()</> to dump an object
        in machine-readable format (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add post-<command>ALTER</>-object server hooks (KaiGai Kohei)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Implement a generic binary heap and use it for Merge-Append
        operations (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve ability to detect official timezone abbreviation changes
        (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add pkg-config support libpq and ecpg libraries (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Remove <filename>src/tool/backend</>, now that the content is on
        the <productname>PostgreSQL</> wiki (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Split out <acronym>WAL</> reading as an independent facility
        (Heikki Linnakangas, Andres Freund)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Use a 64-bit integer to represent <acronym>WAL</> positions
        (<structname>XLogRecPtr</>) instead of two 32-bit integers (Heikki
        Linnakangas)
       </para>

       <para>
        Generally, tools that need to read the <acronym>WAL</> format
        will need to be adjusted.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow PL/Python to support platform-specific include directories (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow PL/Python on <productname>OS X</> to build against custom
        versions of Python (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Additional Modules</title>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow write-enabled foreign data wrappers to support writes
        (KaiGai Kohei)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add a <productname>Postgres</> foreign data wrapper contrib module
        (Shigeru Hanada)
       </para>

       <para>
        This foreign data wrapper allows writes.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <application>pg_xlogdump</> contrib program (Andres Freund)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add support for indexing of regular-expression searches in
        extension <productname>pg_trgm</> (Alexander Korotkov)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve <productname>pg_trgm</> handling of multibyte characters (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add function to report the size of the <type>GIN</> pending index
        insertion list (Fujii Masao)
       </para>

       <para>
        The function is <function>pgstatginindex()</> in pgstattuple.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have oid2name, pgbench, and vacuumlo set <varname>fallback_application_name</> (Amit Kapila)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve output of <application>pg_test_timing</> (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve output of <application>pg_test_fsync</> (Peter Geoghegan)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve dblink option validator (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        Details?
       </para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="pgupgrade"><application>pg_upgrade</></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <application>pg_upgrade</> <option>--jobs</> to do
        parallelism (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows parallel schema dump/restore of databases, as well as
        parallel copy/link of data files per tablespace.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <application>pg_upgrade</> create unix-domain sockets in
        the current directory (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        This reduces the possibility that someone will accidentally connect
        during the upgrade.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Have <application>pg_upgrade</> <option>--check</> mode properly
        detect the location of non-default socket directories (Bruce
        Momjian, Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve performance of <application>pg_upgrade</> for databases
        with many tables (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Increase <application>pg_upgrade</> logging content by showing executed command
        (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve <application>pg_upgrade</>'s status display during copy/link (Bruce Momjian)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="pgbench"><application>pgbench</></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <option>--foreign-keys</> option to pgbench (Jeff Janes)
       </para>

       <para>
        This adds foreign key constraints to tables, for use in foreign
        key performance testing.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow pgbench to aggregate performance statistics and produce output
        every <option>--aggregate-interval</> specified seconds (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add <application>pg_bench</> <option>--sampling-rate</> option to control the
        percentage of transactions logged (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Reduce and improve the status message output of pgbench's
        initialization mode (Robert Haas, Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add pgbench <option>-q</> mode to print one output line every
        five seconds (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>

       <para>
        Output pgbench elapsed and estimated remaining time during
        initialization logging (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow pgbench to use a larger scale factor (Greg Smith)
       </para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Documentation</title>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Allow <productname>EPUB</>-format documentation to be created
        (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Update <productname>FreeBSD</> kernel configuration documentation (Brad Davis)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve <literal>WINDOW</> function documentation (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Add instructions for setting up the documentation tool chain on
        Mac <productname>OS X</> (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
       <para>
        Improve <varname>commit_delay</> documentation (Peter Geoghegan)
       </para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

  </sect2>
 </sect1>
